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Science Advances Sep 2019Alcohol is a major contributor to global disease and a leading cause of preventable death, causing approximately 88,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.... (Review)
Review
Alcohol is a major contributor to global disease and a leading cause of preventable death, causing approximately 88,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. Alcohol use disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, with nearly one-third of U.S. adults experiencing alcohol use disorder at some point during their lives. Alcohol use disorder also has economic consequences, costing the United States at least $249 billion annually. Current pharmaceutical and behavioral treatments may assist patients in reducing alcohol use or facilitating alcohol abstinence. Although recent research has expanded understanding of alcohol use disorder, more research is needed to identify the neurobiological, genetic and epigenetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors most critical in the etiology and treatment of this disease. Implementation of this knowledge in clinical practice and training of health care providers is also needed to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment of individuals suffering from alcohol use disorder.
Topics: Alcoholism; Biomarkers; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Reinforcement, Psychology; Research; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31579824
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4043 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 1991
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Politics; Taxes; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2025720
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.302.6781.859 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2022This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as... (Review)
Review
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Shah's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
Topics: United States; Humans; Alcoholism; Alcohol Drinking; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Alcohol-Related Disorders
PubMed: 36420303
DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.13 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2019
Topics: Alcoholism; Comorbidity; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 31942280
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2021In Denmark patients requiring treatment of alcohol abuse do not need a referral in order to seek municipal treatment which is free of charge. A summary of the various... (Review)
Review
In Denmark patients requiring treatment of alcohol abuse do not need a referral in order to seek municipal treatment which is free of charge. A summary of the various forms of treatment is given in this review. Acute alcohol treatment consists of detoxification and treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Untreated withdrawal symptoms increase the risk of kindling and should be avoided. Planned treatment consists of psychosocial therapy, often in combination with pharmacological treatment. The duration of treatment varies, and there is generally good effect of treatment for alcohol use disorders.
Topics: Alcoholism; Ethanol; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 33832560
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American College of... Jan 2017Understanding the relationship between alcohol abuse, a common and theoretically modifiable condition, and the most common cause of death in the world, cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Understanding the relationship between alcohol abuse, a common and theoretically modifiable condition, and the most common cause of death in the world, cardiovascular disease, may inform potential prevention strategies.
OBJECTIVES
The study sought to investigate the associations among alcohol abuse and atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI), and congestive heart failure (CHF).
METHODS
Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database, we performed a longitudinal analysis of California residents ≥21 years of age who received ambulatory surgery, emergency, or inpatient medical care in California between 2005 and 2009. We determined the risk of an alcohol abuse diagnosis on incident AF, MI, and CHF. Patient characteristics modifying the associations and population-attributable risks were determined.
RESULTS
Among 14,727,591 patients, 268,084 (1.8%) had alcohol abuse. After multivariable adjustment, alcohol abuse was associated with an increased risk of incident AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08 to 2.19; p < 0.0001), MI (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.51; p < 0.0001), and CHF (HR: 2.34; 95% CI: 2.29 to 2.39; p < 0.0001). In interaction analyses, individuals without conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease exhibited a disproportionately enhanced risk of each outcome. The population-attributable risk of alcohol abuse on each outcome was of similar magnitude to other well-recognized modifiable risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol abuse increased the risk of AF, MI, and CHF to a similar degree as other well-established risk factors. Those without traditional cardiovascular risk factors are disproportionately prone to these cardiac diseases in the setting of alcohol abuse. Thus, efforts to mitigate alcohol abuse might result in meaningful reductions of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Alcoholism; California; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28057245
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.048 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Jan 2020
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 31965552
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00833-6 -
International Review of Neurobiology 2021Alcohol use disorder is a chronic debilitated condition adversely affecting the lives of millions of individuals throughout the modern world. Individuals suffering from...
Alcohol use disorder is a chronic debilitated condition adversely affecting the lives of millions of individuals throughout the modern world. Individuals suffering from an alcohol use disorder diagnosis frequently have serious cooccurring conditions, which often further exacerbates problematic drinking behavior. Comprehending the biochemical processes underlying the progression and perpetuation of disease is essential for mitigating maladaptive behavior in order to restore both physiological and psychological health. The range of cellular and biological systems contributing to, and affected by, alcohol use disorder and other comorbid disorders necessitates a fundamental grasp of intricate functional relationships that govern molecular biology. Epigenetic factors are recognized as essential mediators of cellular behavior, orchestrating a symphony of gene expression changes within multicellular environments that are ultimately responsible for directing human behavior. Understanding the epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of disease is important for improving available pharmacotherapies and reducing the incidence of alcohol abuse and cooccurring conditions.
Topics: Alcoholism; Behavior, Addictive; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans
PubMed: 33461665
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.006 -
Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica Apr 2012The relationship between alcohol consumption and glycoconjugate metabolism is complex and multidimensional. This review summarizes the advances in basic and clinical... (Review)
Review
The relationship between alcohol consumption and glycoconjugate metabolism is complex and multidimensional. This review summarizes the advances in basic and clinical research on the molecular and cellular events involved in the metabolic effects of alcohol on glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans). We summarize the action of ethanol, acetaldehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nonoxidative metabolite of alcohol--fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and the ethanol-water competition mechanism, on glycoconjugate biosynthesis, modification, transport and secretion, as well as on elimination and catabolism processes. As the majority of changes in the cellular metabolism of glycoconjugates are generally ascribed to alterations in synthesis, transport, glycosylation and secretion, the degradation and elimination processes, of which the former occurs also in extracellular matrix, seem to be underappreciated. The pathomechanisms are additionally complicated by the fact that the effect of alcohol intoxication on the glycoconjugate metabolism depends not only on the duration of ethanol exposure, but also demonstrates dose- and regional-sensitivity. Further research is needed to bridge the gap in transdisciplinary research and enhance our understanding of alcohol- and glycoconjugate-related diseases.
Topics: Alcoholism; Glycoconjugates; Humans
PubMed: 22532130
DOI: 10.2478/18690 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Recreational use of alcohol is a social norm in many communities worldwide. Alcohol use in moderation brings pleasure and may protect the cardiovascular system. However,... (Review)
Review
Recreational use of alcohol is a social norm in many communities worldwide. Alcohol use in moderation brings pleasure and may protect the cardiovascular system. However, excessive alcohol consumption or alcohol abuse are detrimental to one's health. Three million deaths due to excessive alcohol consumption were reported by the World Health Organization. Emerging evidence also revealed the danger of moderate consumption, which includes the increased risk to cancer. Alcohol abuse and periods of withdrawal have been linked to depression and anxiety. Here, we present the effects of alcohol consumption (acute and chronic) on important brain structures-the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the limbic system, and the cerebellum. Apart from this, we also present the link between alcohol abuse and withdrawal and mood disorders in this review, thus drawing a link to oxidative stress. In addition, we also discuss the positive impacts of some pharmacotherapies used. Due to the ever-rising demands of life, the cycle between alcohol abuse, withdrawal, and mood disorders may be a never-ending cycle of destruction. Hence, through this review, we hope that we can emphasise the importance and urgency of managing this issue with the appropriate approaches.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Mood Disorders; Alcohol Drinking; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 36499240
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314912