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Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Retinal Diseases; Hyperlipidemias
PubMed: 35367191
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.02.019 -
Spine May 2021Cross-sectional study.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
Alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol withdrawal (AW), both belonging to alcohol use disorders, bring about vast health consequences, social issues, and financial burden in United States. This study aims to explore the relationship of AA and AW with perioperative outcomes following elective spine fusion surgery.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Large studies evaluating the outcomes of spine surgery in patients with AA or AW are lacking.
METHODS
We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2006 to 2014 to extract records with a primary procedure of spinal fusion surgery. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the association of AA and AW with in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, cost and length of stay (LOS).
RESULTS
Among 3,132,192 patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgery, the prevalence of AA and AW was 1.14% (35,833) and 0.15% (4623), respectively. Among the AA admissions, 12.90% of patients developed AW. The incidence of overall complications was 6.14%, 10.15%, and 33.73% in patients without AA, with AA and with AW, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, AW was associated with elevated risk of overall complications (odds ratio [OR]: 4.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.86-5.27), neurologic (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.62-4.12), respiratory (OR: 8.04; 95% CI: 6.62-9.77), cardiac (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.60-4.93), gastrointestinal (OR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.68-3.17), urinary and renal (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 2.11-3.39), venous thromboembolism (OR: 3.06; 95% CI: 1.94-4.82), wound-related complications (OR: 3.84; 95% CI: 2.96-4.98) and in-hospital mortality (OR: 5.95; 95% CI: 3.25-10.90). AW was also linked to 40% higher cost and 85% longer LOS.
CONCLUSION
Both AA and AW are associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery with more pronounced risks for AW. Aggressive management in perioperative period is required to improve outcomes in these patients.Level of Evidence: 3.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Fusion; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 33315773
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003868 -
Biological Psychiatry Feb 2023Stress contributes to premature aging and susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD itself is a factor in premature aging; however, the interrelationships of...
BACKGROUND
Stress contributes to premature aging and susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD itself is a factor in premature aging; however, the interrelationships of stress, AUD, and premature aging are poorly understood.
METHODS
We constructed a composite score of stress from 13 stress-related outcomes in a discovery cohort of 317 individuals with AUD and control subjects. We then developed a novel methylation score of stress (MS stress) as a proxy of composite score of stress comprising 211 CpGs selected using a penalized regression model. The effects of MS stress on health outcomes and epigenetic aging were assessed in a sample of 615 patients with AUD and control subjects using epigenetic clocks and DNA methylation-based telomere length. Statistical analysis with an additive model using MS stress and a MS for alcohol consumption (MS alcohol) was conducted. Results were replicated in 2 independent cohorts (Generation Scotland, N = 7028 and the Grady Trauma Project, N = 795).
RESULTS
Composite score of stress and MS stress were strongly associated with heavy alcohol consumption, trauma experience, epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), and shortened DNA methylation-based telomere length in AUD. Together, MS stress and MS alcohol additively showed strong stepwise increases in EAA. Replication analyses showed robust association between MS stress and EAA in the Generation Scotland and Grady Trauma Project cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS
A methylation-derived score tracking stress exposure is associated with various stress-related phenotypes and EAA. Stress and alcohol have additive effects on aging, offering new insights into the pathophysiology of premature aging in AUD and, potentially, other aspects of gene dysregulation in this disorder.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Aging, Premature; Alcohol Drinking; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 36182531
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.036 -
Medwave Mar 2022Alcohol consumption is a public health problem that affects university students. The legality of alcohol facilitates consumption among the young and makes it the most...
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol consumption is a public health problem that affects university students. The legality of alcohol facilitates consumption among the young and makes it the most used drug in this population, impacting health and university education.
OBJECTIVE
To identify alcohol consumption among nursing students of a public institution in Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico.
METHODS
Descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted between October and November 2020. A total of 260 nursing students participated voluntarily and anonymously. The information was collected using two instruments. The first one inquired about personal data, and the second one evaluated drinking through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
RESULTS
We found that 64.6% of students reported drinking at least once, with a mean age at drinking onset of 16.3 years. The preferred beverage was beer (53.6%), and the main providers of alcoholic beverages were friends (62.5%) and family (34.5%). A total of 59.6% of students had a low risk drinking patter, 4.6% had a high-risk drinking patter, and 0.4% reported dependence. There were no significant differences between drinking patterns and leisure time activities (X2 = 25.970; p = 0.355). There was a significant relationship between students' alcohol consumption patterns and age, current semester, drinking at least once, and drinking with family and friends (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a close relationship between the initiation and maintenance of alcohol consumption with nursing students' social, family, and school context. These findings should encourage health programs that follow up on alcohol consumption during university training.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Prevalence; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 35370287
DOI: No ID Found -
International Review of Neurobiology 2021Addiction is a chronic disorder that consists of a three-stage cycle of binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages... (Review)
Review
Addiction is a chronic disorder that consists of a three-stage cycle of binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages involve, respectively, neuroadaptations in brain circuits involved in incentive salience and habit formation, stress surfeit and reward deficit, and executive function. Much research on addiction focuses on the neurobiology underlying single drug use. However, alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be co-morbid with substance use disorder (SUD), called dual dependence. The limited epidemiological data on dual dependence indicates that there is a large population of individuals suffering from addiction who are dependent on more than one drug and/or alcohol, yet dual dependence remains understudied in addiction research. Here, we review neurobiological data on neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that are known to contribute to addiction pathology and how the involvement of these systems is consistent or divergent across drug classes. In particular, we highlight the dopamine, opioid, corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, hypocretin/orexin, glucocorticoid, neuroimmune signaling, endocannabinoid, glutamate, and GABA systems. We also discuss the limited research on these systems in dual dependence. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the use of multiple drugs can produce neuroadaptations that are distinct from single drug use. Further investigation into the neurobiology of dual dependence is necessary to develop effective treatments for addiction to multiple drugs.
Topics: Alcoholism; Comorbidity; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33648675
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.002 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Oct 2021Investigations of alcohol use in relation to cyber dating abuse (CDA) remain underdeveloped relative to alcohol-related face-to-face dating abuse research. A critical...
Investigations of alcohol use in relation to cyber dating abuse (CDA) remain underdeveloped relative to alcohol-related face-to-face dating abuse research. A critical step toward advancing this area of research would include examining the applicability of alcohol-related partner abuse models to CDA perpetration. Existing models of alcohol-related partner abuse suggested that alcohol and partner abuse are more likely to co-occur in the presence of aggressogenic distal traits. We propose that this model may extend to CDA perpetration. Toward this end, the present study collected cross-sectional data from college students ( = 258; 56.2% male) to investigate whether trait romantic jealousy moderated the association between alcohol problems and CDA perpetration, controlling for face-to-face dating abuse perpetration. We hypothesized that alcohol problems would positively relate to CDA perpetration among college students with high, but not low, romantic jealousy. We explored whether the interactive effect varied by sex. Results revealed a significant three-way interaction; the moderating role of romantic jealousy in the relation between alcohol problems and CDA perpetration varied by sex. Alcohol problems positively related to CDA perpetration for women with high, but not low, romantic jealousy. Alcohol problems did not relate to CDA perpetration regardless of men's level of romantic jealousy. These preliminary results suggested that alcohol-related partner abuse models may be useful for conceptualizing CDA perpetration and identifying CDA intervention components.
Topics: Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Jealousy; Male; Men
PubMed: 31478433
DOI: 10.1177/0886260519873333 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Nov 2022The objective of this article is to provide an operational definition of recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) to facilitate the consistency of research on recovery... (Review)
Review
The objective of this article is to provide an operational definition of recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) to facilitate the consistency of research on recovery and stimulate further research. The construct of recovery has been difficult to operationalize in the alcohol treatment and recovery literature. Several formal definitions of recovery have been developed but have limitations because 1) they require abstinence from both alcohol and substance use, 2) they do not include the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD as part of the recovery process (i.e., no focus on remission from AUD), 3) they do not link remission and cessation from heavy drinking to improvements in biopsychosocial functioning and quality-of-life constructs, and 4) they do not distinguish between alcohol and other drug use. The authors present a newly developed National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition of recovery from DSM-5 AUD based on qualitative feedback from key recovery stakeholders (e.g., researchers, clinicians, and recovery specialists). The definition views recovery as both a process of behavioral change and an outcome and incorporates two key components of recovery, namely, remission from DSM-5 AUD and cessation from heavy drinking, a nonabstinent recovery outcome. The NIAAA definition of recovery also emphasizes the importance of biopsychosocial functioning and quality of life in enhancing recovery outcomes. This new NIAAA definition of recovery is an operational definition that can be used by diverse stakeholders to increase consistency in recovery measurement, stimulate research to better understand recovery, and facilitate the process of recovery.
Topics: United States; Humans; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); Alcoholism; Quality of Life; Alcohol Drinking; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35410494
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21090963 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Aug 2019The Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) was formally published in May 2019. Alcohol use disorders form a key part of the section... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) was formally published in May 2019. Alcohol use disorders form a key part of the section of Disorders due to Substance Use and Addictive Behaviours. This review describes and discusses the alcohol diagnoses within this section of ICD-11, including Alcohol Dependence, Harmful Pattern of Use of Alcohol, and entities such as Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, and several alcohol-induced mental disorders, and briefly covers Hazardous Alcohol Use, which is listed separately as a health risk factor. We summarize the historical background to the development of these diagnoses, including work within the World Health Organization since the 1970s, and the corresponding diagnoses in the current ICD-10. The process by which ICD-11 diagnoses have been made is described and may be summarized as a conceptual-pragmatic-confirmatory one. The available empirical data supporting the ICD-11 diagnoses are presented, particularly in relation to the diagnostic guidelines for Alcohol Dependence. Comparison is made with the corresponding diagnoses in ICD-10 and their nearest counterparts in the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Field testing of the ICD-11 diagnoses is currently in progress. A plea is made for matching of diagnoses, diagnostic guidelines/criteria, and the assessment tools intended to capture these diagnoses.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases
PubMed: 31194891
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14128 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2020In recent years, there has been an exciting focus of research attempting to understand neuropsychiatric disorders from a holistic perspective in order to determine the... (Review)
Review
In recent years, there has been an exciting focus of research attempting to understand neuropsychiatric disorders from a holistic perspective in order to determine the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis of such disorders. Thus, the possible therapeutic benefits of targeting gut microbiota are being explored for conditions such as stress, depression or schizophrenia. Growing evidence indicates that there is bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain that has an effect on normal CNS functioning and behavioural responses. Alcohol abuse damages the gastrointestinal tract, alters gut microbiota and induces neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. The relationship between alcohol abuse and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, inflammation and immune regulation has been well documented. In this review, we explore the connection between microbiota, brain function and behaviour, as well as the mechanisms through which alcohol induces microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Finally, we propose the study of psychobiotics as a novel pharmaceutical strategy to treat alcohol use disorders.
Topics: Alcoholism; Brain; Dysbiosis; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Microbiota; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 31969090
DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122153541 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2019Alcohol misuse is a major public concern. Impulsivity has been recognised as a significant risk factor predisposing for the initiation of alcohol use, continuation and... (Review)
Review
Alcohol misuse is a major public concern. Impulsivity has been recognised as a significant risk factor predisposing for the initiation of alcohol use, continuation and excessive alcohol use. Evidence suggests that impulsivity is also a result of both acute alcohol intoxication and long-term alcohol abuse. The multifaceted character of impulsivity and the various ways of assessing it in humans and animal models, hampers the full understanding of how impulsivity relates to alcohol use and misuse. Therefore, in this review we evaluate recent developments in the field, trying to disentangle the contribution of different impulsivity subtypes as causes and effects of alcohol use. Moreover, we review a growing body of evidence, including brain imaging, suggesting the importance of emotional states in engaging in alcohol consumption, particularly in highly impulsive individuals. We also present recent insights into how emotional processing is manifested in alcoholism and binge drinking and suggest novel approaches to treatment and prevention opportunities which target emotional-regulation as well as emotional perception and insight.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Emotions; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Interoception
PubMed: 30343823
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.011