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Journal of Health Psychology Mar 2021The individual predictors of drinking behaviors among second-generation immigrant adolescents are still understudied. This study investigated emotion regulation...
The individual predictors of drinking behaviors among second-generation immigrant adolescents are still understudied. This study investigated emotion regulation strategies and alcohol abuse in 472 adolescents (86 second-generation immigrants and 386 Italian natives; age range: 17-18). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used to assess cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, and alcohol abuse, respectively. Immigrants reported lower alcohol abuse than natives. A negative relationship between cognitive reappraisal and alcohol abuse was found for immigrants, but not for natives. Specifically, cognitive reappraisal was a protective factor against alcohol abuse only for immigrant adolescents. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcoholism; Cognition; Emigrants and Immigrants; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 30599787
DOI: 10.1177/1359105318820715 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2023Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a worldwide problem. The AUD can take the form of hazardous drinking, binge drinking, or alcohol dependence. The effects of alcohol on...
BACKGROUND
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a worldwide problem. The AUD can take the form of hazardous drinking, binge drinking, or alcohol dependence. The effects of alcohol on cognition can be diverse and complex.
OBJECTIVE
Our study aimed to assess AUD as a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using major electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Abstracts were screened independently to include data from original research reports. The following keywords were used: alcohol abuse, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. In total, 767 abstracts were retrieved. After removing the duplicates, 76 articles met the criteria for full-text review, of which 41 were included in this report.
RESULTS
People with AUD are seen from different geographical areas and cultures. AUD is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairments, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia, especially vascular dementia. In addition, AUD interacts with comorbidities increasing the risk of cognitive impairment.
CONCLUSION
AUD is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairments, which may have more than one underlying mechanism.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Alcoholism; Cognitive Dysfunction; Alcohol Drinking; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37355899
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230181 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2021Alcohol withdrawal arises in result of long-lasting or short, but massive, alcohol abuse, manifests itself with oppressive symptoms and in some cases is complicated by...
Alcohol withdrawal arises in result of long-lasting or short, but massive, alcohol abuse, manifests itself with oppressive symptoms and in some cases is complicated by seizures, hallucinosis and delirium tremens that may be life-threatening for patients. The leading neurochemical factors underlying alcohol withdrawal syndrome and its complications are lack of GABA and excessive glutamate activity, which is important for therapy choice. The first-line drugs in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcoholic delirium are benzodiazepines, which have the maximum pharmacological similarity with ethanol. Other medications, including barbiturates, anticonvulsants, propofol, dexmedetomidine, and antipsychotics, may be used as alternatives to and in addition to benzodiazepines, especially in the case of protracted delirium with therapeutic resistance. Certain prospects in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome are associated with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, which is a bit similar to benzodiazepines in its pharmacology.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 34283544
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121061139 -
PloS One 2021We sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol abuse among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in northeastern Brazil during 2019 and...
We sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol abuse among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in northeastern Brazil during 2019 and 2020. Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire to 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and work characteristics were investigated. The tracking of alcohol misuse was done using the CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener), being the cut-off point ≥ 2. Poisson Regression was applied with robust estimation to verify the reasons of prevalence (RP) in bivariate and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of alcohol abuse among farmers was 32% (95% CI 27.8-36.4). Factors such as being male, having a diagnosis of mental disorder in the family, being a smoker, and using drugs were associated with the higher prevalence of the outcome. Being 60 years old or older was associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse. These results indicate the need for social support to this group of workers in the context of occupational health.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Brazil; Farmers; Female; Geography; Humans; Income; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Young Adult
PubMed: 34351925
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254904 -
Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford,... Jan 2024Ethanol metabolism plays an essential role in how the body perceives and experiences alcohol consumption, and evidence suggests that modulation of ethanol metabolism can... (Review)
Review
Ethanol metabolism plays an essential role in how the body perceives and experiences alcohol consumption, and evidence suggests that modulation of ethanol metabolism can alter the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this review, we explore how ethanol metabolism, mainly via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), contributes to drinking behaviors by integrating preclinical and clinical findings. We discuss how alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH2 polymorphisms change the risk for AUD, and whether we can harness that knowledge to design interventions for AUD that alter ethanol metabolism. We detail the use of disulfiram, RNAi strategies, and kudzu/isoflavones to inhibit ALDH2 and increase acetaldehyde, ideally leading to decreases in drinking behavior. In addition, we cover recent preclinical evidence suggesting that strategies other than increasing acetaldehyde-mediated aversion can decrease ethanol consumption, providing other potential metabolism-centric therapeutic targets. However, modulating ethanol metabolism has inherent risks, and we point out some of the key areas in which more data are needed to mitigate these potential adverse effects. Finally, we present our opinions on the future of treating AUD by the modulation of ethanol metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Ethanol; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Alcohol Drinking; Acetaldehyde
PubMed: 37950904
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad077 -
Clinical Radiology Apr 2022To evaluate chronological changes on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and clinical prognosis in patients with status epilepticus (SE), as well as the...
AIM
To evaluate chronological changes on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and clinical prognosis in patients with status epilepticus (SE), as well as the effect of alcohol abuse and heavy alcohol use on clinicoradiological findings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective, single-centre study was approved by the institutional review board. Among 345 patients with seizures between January 2010 and October 2021, 27 patients with SE who had undergone both initial MRI (within a week after onset) and follow-up MRI (within 1 month after the initial MRI) were included. Five and three patients with concurrent or previous alcohol abuse and heavy alcohol-use history were included, respectively, and they were classified into the AL (Alcohol use) group. The remaining 19 patients were classified into the non-AL group. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated both initial and follow-up MRI examinations of each patient; MRI findings were compared between the AL and non-AL groups using Fisher's exact test. In 15 patients, including four patients from the AL group, clinical information 6 months after the onset of SE was available; this information was compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
Brain atrophy (5/8 versus 2/19, p=0.011; odds ratio, 12.29 [95% confidence interval, 1.32-189.2]) and unfavourable clinical course with uncontrollable seizures (3/4 versus 1/11, p=0.033; odds ratio, 30[1.43-638.19]) were significantly more frequent in the AL group than in the non-AL group.
CONCLUSION
Among patients with SE, alcohol abuse and heavy alcohol-use history were associated with unfavourable seizure control and brain atrophy.
Topics: Alcoholism; Atrophy; Brain; Central Nervous System Diseases; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 35093234
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.12.016 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Sep 2022Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and alcohol use predispose to autonomic/sensory neuropathy, imbalance symptoms, and cognitive impairment-conditions...
BACKGROUND
Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and alcohol use predispose to autonomic/sensory neuropathy, imbalance symptoms, and cognitive impairment-conditions associated with a greater risk of falls-yet it is unclear how to identify people with HIV (PWH) whose drinking is associated with falls. Research on alcohol and falls using the same instruments in different countries could help to specify the level of alcohol use associated with fall risk. We examined whether a consumption-based measure (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C]) and/or a symptom-based measure (DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder [AUD]) are associated with sustaining a fall among PWH in St Petersburg, Russia and Boston, Massachusetts in the United States.
METHODS
Separate multivariate logistic regressions were used for each cohort to examine cross-sectional associations for each alcohol measure predicting fall. Potential confounders included physical functioning, depressive symptoms, and other substance use (measured with the Addiction Severity Index).
RESULTS
A fall was reported by 35% (87/251) of the sample in Boston and 12% (46/400) in St Petersburg. Each additional AUD criterion-but not higher AUDIT-C score-was significantly associated with a fall in both Boston (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 1.18) and St Petersburg (adjusted OR AOR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02, 1.18). Heavy alcohol use (>6 drinks/occasion, any vs. none) was associated with more than twice the odds of a fall (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI 1.21, 4.13) in Boston.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that while fall risk may vary by setting and population, heavy alcohol use and AUD symptom severity are potential targets for interventions to prevent falls. Studies in diverse global settings advance our understanding of the relationship between alcohol and falls in PWH.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Russia; United States
PubMed: 35957545
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14915 -
International Review of Neurobiology 2022Nicotine and alcohol abuse and co-dependence represent major public health crises. Indeed, previous research has shown that the prevalence of alcoholism is higher in... (Review)
Review
Nicotine and alcohol abuse and co-dependence represent major public health crises. Indeed, previous research has shown that the prevalence of alcoholism is higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Adolescence is a susceptible period of life for the initiation of nicotine and alcohol use and the development of nicotine-alcohol codependence. However, there is a limited number of pharmacotherapeutic agents to treat addiction to nicotine or alcohol alone. Notably, there is no effective medication to treat this comorbid disorder. This chapter aims to review the early nicotine use and its impact on subsequent alcohol abuse during adolescence and adulthood as well as the role of neuropeptides in this comorbid disorder. The preclinical and clinical findings discussed in this chapter will advance our understanding of this comorbid disorder's neurobiology and lay a foundation for developing novel pharmacotherapies to treat nicotine and alcohol codependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Humans; Neuropeptides; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 34801174
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.006 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2022The association between lifetime alcohol abuse and a higher risk to develop dementia is well known. However, it is unknown whether older adults who begin abusing alcohol...
BACKGROUND
The association between lifetime alcohol abuse and a higher risk to develop dementia is well known. However, it is unknown whether older adults who begin abusing alcohol late in life have an underlying neurodegenerative disease.
OBJECTIVE
Identify the frequency of lifelong alcohol abuse (L-AA), late-onset alcohol abuse (LO-AA), and alcohol abuse as a first symptom of dementia (AA-FS) in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
METHODS
Cross-sectional retrospective study of patients evaluated at an academic referral center with a clinical diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer-type dementia (AD), and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) (n = 1,518). The presence of alcohol abuse was screened with the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center questionnaire. L-AA was defined as onset < 40 years, LO-AA as onset ≥40 years, and AA-FS was defined when the abuse started within the first three years from symptom onset.
RESULTS
The frequency of LO-AA was 2.2% (n = 33/1,518). LO-AA was significantly more frequent in patients with bvFTD than AD (7.5%, n = 13/173 versus 1.3%, n = 16/1,254, CI:1.0;11.4%), but not svPPA (4.4%, n = 4/91, CI: -4.4;10.7%). Similarly, AA-FS was more frequent in bvFTD patients than AD (5.7%, n = 10/173 versus 0.7%, n = 9/1,254, CI:0.5%;9.5%), but not svPPA (2.2%, n = 2/91, CI:-2.4;9.1%).
CONCLUSION
LO-AA can be a presenting symptom of dementia, especially bvFTD. Alcohol abuse onset later in life should prompt a clinical investigation into the possibility of an underlying neurodegenerative process because delay in diagnosis and treatment may increase patient and caregiver burden. The results need to be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the study.
Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuropsychological Tests; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35180118
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215369 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2022This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as... (Review)
Review
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Sinha's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
Topics: United States; Humans; Alcoholism; Neurobiology; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders
PubMed: 36338609
DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.12