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Frontiers in Chemistry 2023Gairika (red ochre) has a long history of influencing human civilization. Gairika is a rich source of nutrients used for reproductive and brain health. Gairika is...
Establishment of the mechanism of purification and levigation of green chemistry-assisted biocomposites of red ochre (Gairika): synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antacid activities of the traditional Ayurvedic medicine Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa.
Gairika (red ochre) has a long history of influencing human civilization. Gairika is a rich source of nutrients used for reproductive and brain health. Gairika is mentioned as an antacid drug in Indian Ayurvedic medicine under Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa (LSR). However, a detailed study on LSR has not been reported to date. In the present study, LSR was prepared, and a pharmaceutical SOP (standardization procedure) was reported to obtain batch-to-batch reproducibility. LSR was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA analyses. LSR was tested for its antacid activity. Advanced instrumentation revealed that LSR formation produced symmetrical particles (5-8 µm) with kaolin, kaolinite, quartz, goethite, and hematite, along with the phytoconstituents of Goghrita (clarified cow's butter), Shunthi, and Nagawalli, as confirmed by GC-MS/MS analysis. The FTIR study revealed the formation of a chelating complex of goethite and hematite along with their phytoconstituents. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of kaolin, kaolinite, quartz, goethite, and hematite. Using antacid experiments, LSR and Shunthi demonstrated significant antacid activity as compared to antacid drugs and standards in the market, such as CaCO. The DPPH assay revealed IC values of 12.16 ± 1.23 mg/mL, which is 0.0029 of Trolox-equivalent antioxidant activity. The inhibition (18 ± 4 mm) against pathogens (. , , , and . ) and the prominent growth of gut microbiota-supported strains (, . , and ) observed on LSR formulation were indicative of LSR application as a prebiotic. Here, the mechanism of purification and levigation mentioned in the classical literature of LSR was established. Overall, purification of Gairika with cow ghee and levigation with Nagawalli may enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and shelf-life of LSR through hydration and co-crystallization mechanisms. This is the first comprehensive report on the pharmaceutical validation of LSR and its characterization. The results of the present study could contribute to the development and reliable reproduction of LSR and the utility of environmental red ochre as a medicine in combination with Shunthi ( Roxb.), as prescribed under Indian Ayurvedic medicine.
PubMed: 38075496
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1271157 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Calcium carbonate (CaCO)-based materials have received notable attention for biomedical applications owing to their safety and beneficial characteristics, such as pH...
Calcium carbonate (CaCO)-based materials have received notable attention for biomedical applications owing to their safety and beneficial characteristics, such as pH sensitivity, carbon dioxide (CO) gas generation, and antacid properties. Herein, to additionally incorporate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, we prepared tannylated CaCO (TA-CaCO) materials using a simple reaction between tannic acid (TA), calcium (Ca), and carbonate (CO) ions. TA-CaCO synthesized at a molar ratio of 1:75 (TA:calcium chloride (CaCl)/sodium carbonate (NaCO)) showed 3-6 μm particles, comprising small nanoparticles in a size range of 17-41 nm. The TA-CaCO materials could efficiently neutralize the acid solution and scavenge free radicals. In addition, these materials could significantly reduce the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors and intracellular reactive oxygen species, and protect chondrocytes from toxic hydrogen peroxide conditions. Thus, in addition to their antacid property, the prepared TA-CaCO materials exert excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the introduction of TA molecules. Therefore, TA-CaCO materials can potentially be used to treat inflammatory cells or diseases.
Topics: Antacids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Calcium Carbonate; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Tannins
PubMed: 33924775
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094614 -
Clinical Rheumatology Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Synovial Fluid; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Osteoarthritis; Calcium Carbonate
PubMed: 36357629
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06441-3 -
Chest Feb 2021
Topics: Antacids; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
PubMed: 33563432
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.239 -
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Mar 2024Nowadays, acidity is a severe problem worldwide caused by excessive gastric acid secretion by the stomach and proximal intestine.
BACKGROUND
Nowadays, acidity is a severe problem worldwide caused by excessive gastric acid secretion by the stomach and proximal intestine.
OBJECTIVE
Antacids are drugs capable of buffering stomach acid. Therefore, in our research work, we have reported the in-silico studies, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antacid activities of magnesium (II) complexes via the acid-base neutralization process.
METHODS
In this research, some magnesium complexes were synthesized and their antacid behavior was compared with marketed products. Also, in-silico studies were performed on H+/K+ ATPase (Proton pump). All synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC techniques.
RESULT
Spectroscopic analysis results showed that the semicarbazone ligand shows keto-enol isomerism and forms a coordinated stable complex with magnesium ions in the crystalline phase. The FT-IR results confirmed the presence of Mg-O stretching, N-H bending, and C=N stretching vibrations in Mg (II) complexes.
CONCLUSION
The antacid activities of Mg (II) complexes were excellent as compared to the semicarbazone ligand and comparable with that of marketed antacid drugs like ENO, and Pantop-D. Insilco studies also confirmed that semicarbazone ligand and its Mg (II) complexes were both found to be fitted into the active sites of molecular targets, and Mg (II) complexes showed better binding affinities towards macromolecular as compared to semicarbazone ligand.
PubMed: 38509676
DOI: 10.2174/0115701638276401240315084143 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Mar 2021To determine whether there is a benefit of using pre- and postoperative antacid treatment in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. To assess the use of an...
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether there is a benefit of using pre- and postoperative antacid treatment in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. To assess the use of an obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopy for the detection of dynamic gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-six client-owned brachycephalic dogs were prospectively included in a randomised trial. Antacid treatment was randomly prescribed in 18 dogs before and after surgery while the other 18 dogs did not receive any gastrointestinal medical treatment. At presentation, at the time of surgery and at recheck, digestive clinical signs and gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed using specific scores. Gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed during endoscopy in standard conditions as well as during endotracheal tube obstruction. This manoeuvre was also applied in an unrelated control group.
RESULTS
The results suggest a beneficial effect of antacid treatment on the improvement of digestive clinical signs and lesions in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome undergoing surgery. At postsurgical control 83% of dogs had a digestive clinical score ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 44% in the non-treated group and 39% of dogs had a gastro-oesophageal abnormalities score (during obstruction manoeuvre) ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 16.7% in the non-treated group. The use of the obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopic assessment in a control group revealed that gastro-oesophageal junction movements are negligible in healthy animals.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The addition of antacid treatment during the pre- and postoperative period for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery may result in a faster and greater improvement in treated dogs. The obstruction manoeuvre is an interesting technique to improve detection of gastro-oesophageal junction abnormalities.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Craniosynostoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Esophageal Diseases
PubMed: 33263199
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13279 -
PloS One 2023Patients frequently use gastric acid-reducing agents (ARAs) to treat symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDI) is a...
INTRODUCTION
Patients frequently use gastric acid-reducing agents (ARAs) to treat symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDI) is a serious concern. This potentially makes the community pharmacist (CP) act as a primary intervention by providing the appropriate counseling and dispensing practice.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate CPs' counseling and dispensing practices regarding complaints of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), including recommending an appropriate course of action to prevent possible DDIs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A simulated patient (SP) methodology was used in this study. The community pharmacies in Ajman and Sharjah were visited by SP who's responsible for acting as a patient, and by an observer who's responsible for focusing on the interaction between the SP and the CPs without engagement. Data were recorded using a preprepared data collection form. Performance feedback was sent to the CPs after concluding all visits. Counseling and dispensing scores were classified based on the total scores to poor, inadequate, and complete. Appropriateness of the pharmacist's decision was defined as dispensing antacid and advising of separating doses apart in time.
RESULTS
A total of 150 community pharmacies was included in the data analysis. The findings of the current study demonstrated poor counseling and dispensing for the vast majority of the participants (81.3% and 67.3% of respondents, respectively). Only 4% of the CPs advised the SP to have a time interval between antacid and cefuroxime axetil. A significant difference in counseling scores was found between pharmacies located in Ajman and Sharjah (p = 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in dispensing scores between independent and chain pharmacies (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings revealed inadequate counseling and dispensing practice by CPs. This study highlighted the need for continuous professional training programs to endow the CPs with the knowledge necessary for improving the CPs' counseling and dispensing practices.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacists; Antacids; United Arab Emirates; Drug Interactions; Pharmacies; Community Pharmacy Services; Gastroesophageal Reflux
PubMed: 36607970
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279922 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Here, bismuth-based nanomaterials (Bi-based NMs) are introduced as promising theranostic agents to enhance image contrast as well as for the therapeutic gain for... (Review)
Review
Here, bismuth-based nanomaterials (Bi-based NMs) are introduced as promising theranostic agents to enhance image contrast as well as for the therapeutic gain for numerous diseases. However, understanding the interaction of such novel developed nanoparticles (NPs) within a biological environment is a requisite for the translation of any promising agent from the lab bench to the clinic. This interaction delineates the fate of NPs after circulation in the body. In an ideal setting, a nano-based therapeutic agent should be eliminated via the renal clearance pathway, meanwhile it should have specific targeting to a diseased organ to reach an effective dose and also to overcome off-targeting. Due to their clearance pathway, biodistribution patterns and pharmacokinetics (PK), Bi-based NMs have been found to play a determinative role to pass clinical approval and they have been investigated extensively in vivo to date. In this review, we expansively discuss the possible toxicity induced by Bi-based NMs on cells or organs, as well as biodistribution profiles, PK and the clearance pathways in animal models. A low cytotoxicity of Bi-based NMs has been found in vitro and in vivo, and along with their long-term biodistribution and proper renal clearance in animal models, the translation of Bi-based NMs to the clinic as a useful novel theranostic agent is promising to improve numerous medical applications.
Topics: Animals; Bismuth; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Precision Medicine; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 33061369
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S250001 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2022Endoscopic anti-reflux treatment is emerging as a new option for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment in patients with the same indications as for...
Endoscopic anti-reflux treatment is emerging as a new option for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment in patients with the same indications as for laparoscopic fundoplication. There are many techniques, the first of which are transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) and nonablative radio-frequency (STRETTA) that have been tested with comparative studies and randomized controlled trials, whereas the other more recent ones still require a deeper evaluation. The purpose of the latter is to verify whether reflux is abolished or significantly reduced after intervention, whether there is a valid high pressure zone at the gastroesophageal junction, and whether esophagitis, when present, has disappeared. Unfortunately in a certain number of cases, and especially in the more recently introduced ones, the evaluation has been based almost exclusively on subjective criteria, such as improvement in the quality of life, remission of heartburn and regurgitation, and reduction or suspension of antacid and antisecretory drug consumption. However, with the most studied techniques such as TIF and STRETTA, an improvement in symptoms better than that of laparoscopic fundoplication can often be observed, whereas the number of acid episodes and acid exposure time are similar or higher, as if the acid refluxes are better tolerated by these patients. The suspicion of a local hyposensitivity taking place after anti-reflux endoscopic intervention seems confirmed by a Bernstein test at least for STRETTA. This examination should be done for all the other techniques, both old and new, to identify the ones that reassure rather than cure. In conclusion, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the endoscopic anti-reflux techniques should not be based exclusively on subjective criteria, but should also be confirmed by objective examinations, because there might be a gap between the improvement in symptoms declared by the patient and the underlying pathophysiologic alterations of GERD.
Topics: Antacids; Esophagitis, Peptic; Fundoplication; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heartburn; Humans; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Patient Satisfaction; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36161053
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3743 -
Bioengineered Dec 2021The naturally occurring biomineralization or microbially induced calcium carbonate (MICP) precipitation is gaining huge attention due to its widespread application in... (Review)
Review
The naturally occurring biomineralization or microbially induced calcium carbonate (MICP) precipitation is gaining huge attention due to its widespread application in various fields of engineering. Microbial denitrification is one of the feasible metabolic pathways, in which the denitrifying microbes lead to precipitation of carbonate biomineral by their basic enzymatic and metabolic activities. This review article explains all the metabolic pathways and their mechanism involved in the MICP process in detail along with the benefits of using denitrification over other pathways during MICP implementation. The potential application of denitrification in building materials pertaining to soil reinforcement, bioconcrete, restoration of heritage structures and mitigating the soil pollution has been reviewed by addressing the finding and limitation of MICP treatment. This manuscript further sheds light on the challenges faced during upscaling, real field implementation and the need for future research in this path. The review concludes that although MICP via denitrification is an promising technique to employ it in building materials, a vast interdisciplinary research is still needed for the successful commercialization of this technique.
Topics: Bacteria; Biomineralization; Calcium Carbonate; Construction Materials; Denitrification; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Soil
PubMed: 34652267
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1979862