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The American Journal of Dermatopathology May 2022A 76-year-old female patient presented with a peculiar new exophytic-appearing, flesh-colored skin lesion on her left hallux. Owing to its atypical appearance, the...
A 76-year-old female patient presented with a peculiar new exophytic-appearing, flesh-colored skin lesion on her left hallux. Owing to its atypical appearance, the neoplasm was biopsied. Histologic sections demonstrated numerous thickened, anastomosing cord-like structures composed of bland appearing adnexal keratinocytes attached to the epidermis and extending into the superficial dermis. Nearby areas exhibited papillomatosis, epidermal acanthosis, dense hyperparakeratosis, hypergranulosis, and superficial koilocytes, findings consistent with a verruca plantaris. A p16 stain was positive in many of the superficial epidermal keratinocytes. Human papillomavirus typing by in situ hybridization for the most common low-risk and high-risk types was also performed and was negative for these. We herein present an unusual case of a skin lesion which combines features of a poroma with a verruca plantaris. We further review what is known of the relationship between human papillomavirus and poroid neoplasms.
Topics: Aged; Female; Foot Diseases; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Papillomaviridae; Poroma; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Warts
PubMed: 35120031
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002123 -
Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest,... 2022The clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is varied. Due to its propensity for adrenal involvement, histoplasmosis is an important differential diagnosis in any...
CONTEXT
The clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is varied. Due to its propensity for adrenal involvement, histoplasmosis is an important differential diagnosis in any patient presenting with adrenal mass, bilateral in particular.
OBJECTIVE
Data on clinical presentation, pattern of adrenal involvement, radiological appearance and long-term follow-up of adrenal histoplasmosis are relatively sparse; hence we looked at it.
DESIGN
This record based single-centre retrospective study was conducted in one of the tertiary care hospitals, situated in eastern India catering the Gangetic delta.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Data on demographic characters, presenting manifestations, biochemical & hormonal parameters and radiological appearance of confirmed adrenal histoplasmosis cases (n=9), admitted between 2015-2019 have been retrieved. The treatment outcome and condition of patients after 1-4 years of follow-up has also been discussed.
RESULTS
Four out of the nine (44.4%) patients had predisposing immunocompromised conditions in the form of diabetes and/or chronic alcoholism while rest were immunocompetent. Seven out of nine patients (77.8 %) had signs and symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency, while two (22.2%) presented with only pyrexia of unknown origin. All of them had bilateral adrenal mass, though the radiologically appearances were different. All patients received anti-fungal agents with/without hydrocortisone and/or fludrocortisone. One patient died (11.1%), while majority responded favourably to treatment. Adrenocortical function did not recover completely.
CONCLUSIONS
The possibility of adrenal histoplasmosis should always be considered in patients presenting with bilateral adrenal mass, irrespective of adrenal morphology. Treatment is effective, but many of them require supplemental hydrocortisone for quite a long period, if not lifelong. Mineralocorticoid deficiency, however, is not permanent.
PubMed: 35975261
DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.106 -
Nature Materials Sep 2022Nanostructured materials have recently emerged as a promising approach for material appearance design. Research has mainly focused on creating structural colours by wave...
Nanostructured materials have recently emerged as a promising approach for material appearance design. Research has mainly focused on creating structural colours by wave interference, leaving aside other important aspects that constitute the visual appearance of an object, such as the respective weight of specular and diffuse reflectances, object macroscopic shape, illumination and viewing conditions. Here we report the potential of disordered optical metasurfaces to harness visual appearance. We develop a multiscale modelling platform for the predictive rendering of macroscopic objects covered by metasurfaces in realistic settings, and show how nanoscale resonances and mesoscale interferences can be used to spectrally and angularly shape reflected light and thus create unusual visual effects at the macroscale. We validate this property with realistic synthetic images of macroscopic objects and centimetre-scale samples observable with the naked eye. This framework opens new perspectives in many branches of fine and applied visual arts.
PubMed: 35590040
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01255-9 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020In the present pictorial we show the ultrasonographic appearances of endometriosis in atypical sites. Scar endometriosis may present as a hypoechoic solid nodule with... (Review)
Review
In the present pictorial we show the ultrasonographic appearances of endometriosis in atypical sites. Scar endometriosis may present as a hypoechoic solid nodule with hyperechoic spots while umbilical endometriosis may appear as solid or partially cystic areas with ill-defined margins. In the case of endometriosis of the rectus muscle, ultrasonography usually demonstrates a heterogeneous hypoechogenic formation with indistinct edges. Inguinal endometriosis is quite variable in its ultrasonographic presentation showing a completely solid mass or a mixed solid and cystic mass. The typical ultrasonographic finding associated with perineal endometriosis is the presence of a solid lesion near to the episiotomy scar. Under ultrasonography, appendiceal endometriosis is characterized by a solid lesion in the wall of the small bowel, usually well defined. Superficial hepatic endometriosis is characterized by a small hypoechoic lesion interrupting the hepatic capsula, usually hyperechoic. Ultrasound endometriosis of the pancreas is characterized by a small hypoechoic lesion while endometriosis of the kidney is characterized by a hyperechoic small nodule. Diaphragmatic endometriosis showed typically small hypoechoic lesions. Only peripheral nerves can be investigated using ultrasound, with a typical solid appearance. In conclusion, ultrasonography seems to have a fundamental role in the majority of endometriosis cases in "atypical" sites, in all the cases where "typical" clinical findings are present.
PubMed: 32471042
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060345 -
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics Aug 2020Frequently finding a target in the same location within a familiar context reduces search time, relative to search for objects appearing in novel contexts. This learned...
Frequently finding a target in the same location within a familiar context reduces search time, relative to search for objects appearing in novel contexts. This learned association between a context and a target location requires several blocks of training and has long-term effects. Short-term selection history also influences search, where previewing a subset of a search context shortly before the appearance of the target and remaining distractors speeds search. Here we explored the interactions between contextual cueing and preview benefit using a modified version of a paradigm from Hodsoll and Humphreys (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(6), 1346-1358, 2005). Participants searched for a T target among L distractors. Half of the distractors appeared 800 ms before the addition of the other distractors and the target. We independently manipulated the repetition of the previewed distractors and the newly added distractors. Though the previewed set never contained the target, repetition of either the previewed or the newly added context yielded contextual cueing, and the effect was greater when the previewed context repeated. Another experiment trained participants to associate the previewed context with a target location, then disrupted the association in a testing phase. This disruption eliminated contextual cueing, suggesting that learning of the previewed context was associative. These findings demonstrate an important interaction between distinct kinds of selection history effects.
Topics: Attention; Cues; Humans; Learning; Reaction Time; Visual Perception
PubMed: 32483660
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02052-9 -
Chest Jan 2021Lung cancer is currently the most common malignancy in the world. A lobectomy is the standard of care for most patients with operable lung cancer and accounts for... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer is currently the most common malignancy in the world. A lobectomy is the standard of care for most patients with operable lung cancer and accounts for 60% to 70% of lung resection. The chest radiograph may appear normal after a lobectomy, particularly in uncomplicated cases. However, lobectomy usually involves leaving surgical staples at the bronchial stump and causes various changes in the intra- and extrapulmonary thoracic structures on plain radiographs. These changes may differ according to the resected lobe. We retrospectively evaluated the plain radiographic appearances of the postlobectomy chest, free of postoperative complications or recurrent/metastatic lung cancer. On the basis of our observations, the changes that occur in pulmonary and extrapulmonary anatomy can differ according to the resected lobe. Recognition of these changes will make it easier to identify which lobe has been removed surgically.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Pneumonectomy; Radiography, Thoracic
PubMed: 32882247
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2072 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oct 2023Ear protrusion is the primary indication for otoplasty. Many methods have been developed for addressing this defect, based on cartilage-scoring and excision and...
Ear protrusion is the primary indication for otoplasty. Many methods have been developed for addressing this defect, based on cartilage-scoring and excision and suture-fixation techniques. Disadvantages include irreversible distortion of the anatomy, irregularities, or overcorrection, or forward bulging of the conchal bowl. One of the most common long-term sequelae of otoplasty is an unsatisfactory result. A novel, cartilage-sparing, suture-based technique has been developed that aims to minimize the risk of complications and provide a natural-appearing aesthetic result. The method is based on two to three key sutures that shape the concha into the desired natural appearance while preventing a conchal bulge, which otherwise could appear if no cartilage is removed. Furthermore, these sutures support the neo-antihelix created by four further sutures anchored to the mastoid fascia, thus achieving the two main goals of otoplasty. The sparing of cartilaginous tissue means that the procedure is reversible if needed. In addition, permanent postoperative stigmata, pathologic scarring, and anatomical deformity can be avoided. This technique was used on 91 ears in 2020 and 2021, with only one ear (1.1%) requiring revision. Rates of complications or recurrence were low. The presented technique appears to be a rapid and safe method for treating the prominent ear deformity, providing aesthetically pleasing results.
Topics: Humans; Ear, External; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Ear Auricle; Cartilage; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 36912913
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010401 -
Bladder cancer and its mimics: a sonographic pictorial review with CT/MR and histologic correlation.Abdominal Radiology (New York) Dec 2019Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary system and often presents with hematuria. Despite its relatively high incidence, bladder cancer is often... (Review)
Review
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary system and often presents with hematuria. Despite its relatively high incidence, bladder cancer is often under-recognized sonographically. Moreover, even when bladder abnormalities are identified, numerous other entities may mimic the appearance of bladder cancer. Given the incidence and prevalence of bladder cancer, it is important to recognize its variable appearance sonographically and distinguish it from its common mimics. We review the sonographic appearance of bladder cancer and its mimics, providing correlative CT/MR imaging as well as pathology. We stress the importance and advantage of ultrasound as a dynamic imaging modality, with the ability to optimize distinguishing bladder cancer from similar-appearing entities.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Hematuria; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 31676920
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02276-w -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Jan 2021Conspicuity has been one of the key factors in motorcycle road crashes around the world. The inability and difficulty of other road users in detecting motorcycles either... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Conspicuity has been one of the key factors in motorcycle road crashes around the world. The inability and difficulty of other road users in detecting motorcycles either at day or at night have contributed to conspicuity related motorcycle crashes. This literature review attempts to understand the motorcycle conspicuity issues in road traffic. The review also analyses relevant types of conspicuity intervention in terms of its effectiveness in enhancing motorcycle conspicuity that had been discussed in past studies.
METHODS
Using specific keywords and search terms, relevant articles were screened, identified and analyzed systematically using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven final articles were reviewed and found that almost every part of motorcycle and motorcyclist's conspicuity intervention have been covered in past studies. In terms of conspicuity aids, the majority of past studies discussed conspicuity enhancement in the frontal area, particularly on motorcycle daytime running headlight (DRH) color and configurations. Few other studies have discussed in other areas, particularly on rear running and brake light and motorcycle color. There were also numerous studies looking at motorcyclists' appearances in terms of their attire and helmet color.
CONCLUSION
Motorcycle and motorcyclist's appearances are highly associated with the risk of motorcycle crashes. The most important part of enhancing motorcycle conspicuity is to ensure motorcycle appearance is always in contrast with the road traffic environment.
PubMed: 34178761
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5069 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Feb 2022Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is an important medical evaluation tool for renal pathology. In the DIF images, the deposition appearances and locations of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is an important medical evaluation tool for renal pathology. In the DIF images, the deposition appearances and locations of immunoglobulin on glomeruli involve immunological characteristics of glomerulonephritis and thus can be used to aid in the identification of glomerulonephritis disease. Manual classification to such deposition patterns is time consuming and may lead to significant inter and intra operator variances. We wanted to automate the identification and fusion of deposition location and deposition appearance to assist physicians in achieving immunofluorescence reporting.
METHODS
In this paper, we propose a framework that consists of a pre-segmentation module and a classification module for automatically segmenting glomerulus object and classifying the deposition pattern of immunoglobulin on glomerulus object. For the pre-segmentation module, the glomerulus object is segmented out from the acquired DIF images using a segmentation network, which excludes other tissues and makes the classification module focus on the glomerulus. For the classification module, two branches of classifying deposition region and appearance, respectively, are formed by using multiple attentions convolutional neural network (MANet) based on the segmented images, and the classification results of the two pre-trained classification networks are fused with labels.
RESULTS
Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves a high classification performance with an accuracy of 98% and 95% in terms of deposition region and appearance, respectively. The label fusion of deposition appearance and deposition classification is achieved with high accuracy based on well-trained classification.
CONCLUSIONS
The data show that automated and accurate patterned immunofluorescence report generation is achieved, which can effectively help improve the diagnosis of autoimmune kidney disease.
Topics: Attention; Biopsy; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 34852936
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106532