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European Cells & Materials Nov 2021Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated not only in the regulation of developmental processes but also in the release of biologically active molecules and... (Review)
Review
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated not only in the regulation of developmental processes but also in the release of biologically active molecules and in the modulation of repair during tertiary dentine formation. Although efforts to preserve dentine have focused on inhibiting the activity of these proteases, their function is much more complex and necessary for dentine repair than expected. The present review explores the role of MMPs as bioactive components of the dentine matrix involved in dentine formation, repair and regeneration. Special consideration is given to the mechanical properties of dentine, including those of reactionary and reparative dentine, and the known roles of MMPs in their formation. MMPs are critical components of the dentine matrix and should be considered as important candidates in dentine regeneration.
Topics: Dentin; Dentin, Secondary; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases
PubMed: 34818431
DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v042a24 -
Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2022CPNE7-derived functional peptide (CPNE7-DP) has been introduced as a bioactive therapeutics for dentin diseases. CPNE7-DP regenerates tubular dentin on the pulpal side...
OBJECTIVE
CPNE7-derived functional peptide (CPNE7-DP) has been introduced as a bioactive therapeutics for dentin diseases. CPNE7-DP regenerates tubular dentin on the pulpal side and occlude dentinal tubules. CPNE7-DP was capable to treat dentin hypersensitivity typically associated with dentinal wear at the neck of the tooth. However, the role of CPNE7-DP in another common dentin disease, dental caries, remains uninvestigated. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of CPNE7-DP in dentin caries using an experimental dentin caries model in rats.
DESIGN
The stability of CPNE7-DP in caries-like environments including pathologic bacteria of caries or low pH was tested. We established a nutrition-time/hyposalivation-based dental caries rat model by inoculating caries-inducing bacteria and diet for sufficient time. Glycopyrrolate has been treated to induce reversible hyposalivation for accelerating caries progression. Then the tubular dentin regeneration was investigated with histologic methods. Also, modulation of inflammation or autophagy by CPNE7-DP was investigated with marker gene expression in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
CPNE7-DP was stable with caries-inducing bacteria and low pH. Establishment of dentin caries was confirmed with radiographic and histologic evaluation. CPNE7-DP regenerated a substantial amount of tubular tertiary dentin and alleviated the pulp inflammation of dentin caries. Under inflammatory conditions, CPNE7-DP reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. These phenomena could be the consequence of the modulation of autophagy by CPNE7-DP, which reactivates inflamed odontoblasts.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, CPNE7-DP, which repairs caries through physiological dentin regeneration, might help overcoming the limitations of current restorative caries treatments.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Dentin, Secondary; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Inflammation; Odontoblasts; Peptides; Rats; Regeneration; Xerostomia
PubMed: 36063644
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105531 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2022To investigate the chemical changes in root dentin submitted to ionizing radiation and how it affects the interaction with resin cements.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the chemical changes in root dentin submitted to ionizing radiation and how it affects the interaction with resin cements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty human premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): non-irradiated and irradiated. They were randomly subdivided according to the type of resin cement (n = 10): conventional (RelyX ARC, 3 M ESPE) or self-adhesive (RelyX U200, 3 M ESPE). After cementation of the fiberglass posts, the roots were sectioned to be analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The data obtained from FTIR and Raman were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed Tukey's test (α = 0.05). For CLSM, a descriptive analysis was performed.
RESULTS
In the FTIR, there was a significant difference between the non-irradiated and irradiated groups for phosphate (p = 0.011), carbonate (p < 0.001), amide III (p = 0.038), and carbonate/mineral ratio (p < 0.001). Regarding the root third, there was a difference for amide I (p = 0.002), mineral/matrix ratio (p = 0.001), and amide I/CH (p = 0.026) between the cervical and the others. Raman spectroscopy revealed no difference between groups for 961/1458 cm in the diffusion zone. CLSM showed a different interaction pattern for the two cements with the irradiated dentin from the cervical third.
CONCLUSIONS
Ionizing radiation altered the chemical composition of root dentin, especially in the cervical third. The resin cements showed less interaction with the irradiated root dentin.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
As radiotherapy alters the chemical composition of root dentin, the interaction of resin cement with dentin can compromise the success of rehabilitation with fiberglass posts.
Topics: Amides; Cementation; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Humans; Materials Testing; Post and Core Technique; Resin Cements
PubMed: 35149905
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04395-z -
Microscopy Research and Technique Mar 2022The prevention and treatment of erosive tooth wear are becoming increasingly important due to its increasing prevalence. The use of natural solutions to modify dental...
The prevention and treatment of erosive tooth wear are becoming increasingly important due to its increasing prevalence. The use of natural solutions to modify dental surfaces has become an area of research. Organic materials such as chitosan and hydrolyzed collagen may be a promising option to treat dentin. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of chitosan or hydrolyzed collagen, alone or combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, on the composition and morphology of dentin after erosion. Bovine dentin samples were prepared (n = 84) and treated with artificial saliva (AS, negative control); APF gel (F, positive control); chitosan solution (Chi); hydrolyzed collagen solution (Col); fluoride/chitosan composition (F_Chi); and fluoride/hydrolyzed collagen composition (F_Col). Erosive cycles (six cycles of immersion in orange juice for 1 min, followed by immersion in AS for 1 hr) were performed. The materials were characterized by their morphology, composition, and particle size distribution. Micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron were used to evaluate the dentin's inorganic chemical composition and morphology. The F_Col and F groups had a reduction in calcium loss by 17 and 26%, respectively (p < .001). Both of these groups still had a covering layer of agglomerates at the dentin surface after the erosive cycles. The fluoridated chitosan or collagen solutions improved the dentin resistance to erosion as a novel hybrid-fluoride-based material approach to provide surface protection from erosion.
Topics: Animals; Biomineralization; Cattle; Chitosan; Collagen; Dentin; Fluorides; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 34741774
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23978 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The presence of host collagenases in the degradation of the protein matrix at later stages of carious dentin lesions development, as well as the potential involvement of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND AIM
The presence of host collagenases in the degradation of the protein matrix at later stages of carious dentin lesions development, as well as the potential involvement of bacterial collagenases, have been suggested but lack conclusive evidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to comprehensively assess the profile of host and bacterial-derived collagenolytic proteases in both root and coronal dentin carious lesions.
METHODS
The search was performed in eight databases and the grey literature. Studies evaluating dentin, extracted teeth, or biofilms from natural caries lesions were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Synthesis of the results and the certainty of evidence were performed following the Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM) checklist and GRADE approach for narrative synthesis, respectively.
RESULTS
From 935 recovered articles, 18 were included. Although the evidence was very uncertain, it was possible to suggest that 1) MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and CT-B may be increased in carious dentin when compared to sound dentin; 2) there is no difference in MMP-2 presence, while MMP-13 may be increased in root when compared to coronal carious dentin; 3) there is no difference of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression/activity before and after cavity sealing; 4) MMP-8 may be increased in the dentin before cavity sealing compared to dentin after cavity sealing; 5) there is no difference of MMP-20 in irradiated vs. non-irradiated carious dentin. MMP-20 probably reduces in carious outer dentin when compared to carious inner dentin (moderate certainty). Genes encoding bacterial collagenolytic proteases and protein-degrading bacteria were detected in coronal and root carious lesions.
CONCLUSION
Trends in the direction of the effect were observed for some collagenolytic proteases in carious dentin, which may represent a potential target for the development of new treatments. (Protocol register-PROSPERO: CRD42020213141).
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Dentin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; Peptide Hydrolases; Matrix Metalloproteinase 20; Collagenases; Bacteria; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38029242
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278754 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021In this study, ε-polylysine and calcium phosphate precipitation (CPP) methods were employed to induce antibacterial effects and dentin tubule occlusion. Antibacterial...
In this study, ε-polylysine and calcium phosphate precipitation (CPP) methods were employed to induce antibacterial effects and dentin tubule occlusion. Antibacterial effects of ε-polylysine were evaluated with broth dilution assay against CPP solution from MCPM, DCPD, and TTCP was prepared. Four concentrations of ε-polylysine(ε-PL) solutions (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) were prepared. Dentin discs were prepared from recently extracted human third molars. Dentin discs were incubated with (ATCC 33277) bacterial suspension (ca. 10 bacteria) containing Brain Heart Infusion medium supplemented with 0.1 g/mL Vitamin K, 0.5 mg/mL hemin, 0.4 g/mL L-cysteine in anaerobic jars (37 °C) for 7 days to allow for biofilm formation. -infected dentin specimens were randomly divided into four groups: CPP + 0.125% ε-PL, CPP + 0.25% ε-PL, CPP + 0.5% ε-PL, CPP + 1% ε-PL. On each dentin specimen, CPP solution was applied followed by polylysine solution with microbrush and immersed in artificial saliva. Precipitate formation, antibacterial effects, and occlusion of dentinal tubules were characterized in vitro over up to 72 h using scanning electron microscopy. ε-PL showed 34.97% to 61.19% growth inhibition levels against () after 24 h of incubation. On -infected dentin specimens, DCPD + 0.25% ε-PL, and DCPD + 0.5% ε-PL groups showed complete bacterial inhibition and 78.6% and 98.1% dentin tubule occlusion, respectively ( < 0.001). The longitudinal analysis on fractured dentin samples in DCPD and TTCP groups revealed deeply penetrated hydroxyapatite-like crystal formations in dentinal tubules after 72 h of incubation in artificial saliva.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Calcium Phosphates; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polylysine; Spectrum Analysis; Surface Properties
PubMed: 34639022
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910681 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2021Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are considered the material of choice for restoration of root carious lesions (RCLs). When bonding to demineralized dentin, the collapse of...
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are considered the material of choice for restoration of root carious lesions (RCLs). When bonding to demineralized dentin, the collapse of dentinal collagen during restorative treatment may pose challenges. Considering its acidic nature and collagen biomodification effects, proanthocyanidin (PAC) could be potentially used as a dentin conditioner to remove the smear layer while simultaneously acting to biomodify the dentinal collagen involved in the bonding interface. In this study, 6.5% w/v PAC was used as a conditioner for sound (SD) and laboratory demineralized (DD) root dentin before bonding to resin-modified GIC (FII), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-modified GIC (FVII), or a high-viscosity GIC (FIX). Root dentin conditioned with deionized distilled water (DDW) or polyacrylic acid (PAA) served as controls. Results indicated FII showed higher shear bond strength (SBS) on SD than the other 2 GICs, especially in PAA-conditioned samples; FIX showed significantly higher SBS than FII and FVII on PAA- or PAC-conditioned DD. In each category of GIC, PAA and PAC did not have a significant influence on SBS in most cases compared to DDW except for a significant decrease in PAC-conditioned SD bonded to FII and a significant increase in PAA-conditioned DD bonded to FIX. The bonding interface between GIC and SD was generally more resistant to the acid-base challenge than DD. Although the alterations in failure modes indicated a compromised interfacial interaction between GICs and PAC-treated root dentin, biomodification effects of PAC on dentin were observed from Raman microspectroscopy analysis in terms of the changes in mineral-to-matrix ratio and hydroxyproline-to-proline ratio of dentin adjacent to the bonding interface, especially of DD. Results from this study also indicated the possibility of using in situ characterization such as Raman microspectroscopy as a complementary approach to SBS test to investigate the integrity of the bonding interface.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Proanthocyanidins; Resin Cements
PubMed: 34261333
DOI: 10.1177/00220345211018182 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jan 2021The purpose of this study was to develop a new device that can improve the effect of desensitizer using shockwaves and to verify its efficacy.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop a new device that can improve the effect of desensitizer using shockwaves and to verify its efficacy.
METHODS
A micro-shockwave generator was developed using a piezoelectric actuator (PIA-1000, piezosystem jena GmbH, Jena, Germany), an Arduino Uno microcontroller (Arduino, Torino, Italy), and a high voltage pulser (HVP-1000, piezosystem jena GmbH) at 700 V (400 A) and 100 μs. The occlusal surfaces of 20 extracted human upper and lower third molars without caries or restoration were reduced to expose the occlusal dentin, and the prepared occlusal surfaces were acid-etched with 32% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer. The tooth specimens were connected to a fluid flow measurement instrument (nanoFlow, IB SYSTEMS, Seoul, Korea), permeability through dentin via dentinal fluid flow (DFF) was measured for 300 s, and the average DFF rate (Baseline DFF rate) was calculated. A desensitizer (SuperSeal, Phoenix Dental, Fenton, MI, USA) was applied to the acid-etched occlusal dentin surface of 10 randomly selected tooth specimens, left for 10 s, and rubbed with a microbrush for 30 s (Group 1). For the remaining teeth, the desensitizer was applied, and a shockwave (100 μm stroke, 10,000 G) was applied for 10 s (2 shots/s) and rubbed with a microbrush for 30 s (Group 2). After desensitizer application, subsequent DFF was measured for 600 s, and the average DFF rate was calculated (post-application DFF rate). DFF was continuously measured in real-time at 25 ± 0.5 ℃ under a hydrostatic pressure of 25 cm. The percentage reduction in DFF rate after desensitizer application (with or without shockwave) was calculated with respect to baseline DFF rate. Data were analyzed with independent t-test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
For all tooth specimens, DFF rate decreased after desensitizer application irrespective of the presence of shockwaves. The percentage reduction in DFF rate of SuperSeal with shockwave (Group 2) was 42.8 ± 19.0%, which was significantly higher than the 26.2 ± 13.6% of the SuperSeal only group (Group 1) (p < 0.05).
SIGNIFICANCE
Measurement of DFF change in real-time shows that shockwaves can help reduce dentin permeability beyond that SuperSeal dentin desensitizer produced alone.
Topics: Dentin; Dentin Permeability; Dentin Sensitivity; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Smear Layer
PubMed: 33190860
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.027 -
Archives of Microbiology Sep 2021To analyze the effect of a sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) on the microbial profile and viability, as well as on the prevention of dentin demineralization using a...
To analyze the effect of a sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) on the microbial profile and viability, as well as on the prevention of dentin demineralization using a microcosm biofilm model. Ninety bovine dentine specimens were divided into five experimental groups according with the solution they were treated for 60 s: (1) PBS (negative control), (2) 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control), (3) Fluoride (500 ppm F, as NaF), (4) 0.025 mg/ml CaneCPI-5, and (5) 0.05 mg/ml CaneCPI-5. Specimens were incubated with inoculum (McBain's saliva plus human saliva) in the first 8 h, and from then on, they were exposed to McBain saliva containing sucrose and daily treated (60 s) with the solutions for 5 days. Resazurin and colony-forming unit counting assays were performed. Dentin demineralization was measured by transverse micro-radiography (TMR). 0.12% chlorhexidine significantly reduced the metabolic activity of the microcosm biofilm in relation to the negative control and treated groups (p < 0.01). CHX and F significantly reduced the counts of total microorganisms, mutans group streptococci, and lactobacilli when compared with the negative control. None of the treatments was able to significantly reduce dentin demineralization in comparison with the negative control. In the model evaluated, CaneCPI-5 neither altered the microcosm biofilm profile and viability nor protected dentin against demineralization.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Cattle; Cystatins; Dentin; Humans; Microbial Viability; Saccharum; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34059945
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02403-6 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Sep 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical resistance of dentin and restorative materials submitted to erosive/abrasive challenges with different dentifrices....
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical resistance of dentin and restorative materials submitted to erosive/abrasive challenges with different dentifrices. The dentin was restored using a resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGIC) or a composite resin (RC). One hemiface of the sample was protected, and the other was subdivided according to the applied dentifrice (n = 10): without fluoride (SF), sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF). The specimens were submitted to erosive/abrasive cycles, the varnish was removed, and the Martens hardness (HMV) and elastic modulus (Eit) were evaluated. The data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA measurements and Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). When analyzing the HMV on the test side, there was no influence of the dentifrices in the dentin; however, the orders of NaF < SnF = SF in RC and SnF > NaF = SF in RMGIC were observed. Comparing the treated surfaces, there were no differences in the dentin, and only the SF since CR presented an HMV superior to that of RMGIC. Comparing control and test sides, both dentins obtained a decreased HMV after the erosive/abrasive challenge; for the restorative materials, superior values were found only for SnF in the RMGIC. The Eit values were influenced more by the dentifrices on the test side for the dentin adjacent to the RMGIC, with the lowest values shown for the SF, and for both materials, the highest values were shown for the SnF group. No differences were found when comparing each dentin treated with the same dentifrice; however, the RMGIC presented a superior Eit than the CR when brushed with both dentifrices with a fluoride. Comparing the control and test sides, the same results were obtained for the HMV. The dentifrices showed little influence on the dentin substrate, whereas the dentifrice with SnF enhanced the mechanical properties of the restorative materials, which was more evident in the RMGIC.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Animals; Cattle; Composite Resins; Dentifrices; Dentin; Elastic Modulus; Hardness; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Pressure; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium Fluoride; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Tin Fluorides
PubMed: 31082715
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.006