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Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Oct 2019Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and co-occur more often than expected by chance. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and co-occur more often than expected by chance. The aim of this review is to characterize the prevalence, course, and treatment of co-occurring AUD and depressive disorders. Studies have indicated that the co-occurrence of AUD and depressive disorders is associated with greater severity and worse prognosis for both disorders. Both pharmacologic and behavioral treatments have demonstrated efficacy for this population. However, treatment response is somewhat modest, particularly for drinking outcomes, highlighting the importance of further research on the etiology and treatment of co-occurring AUD and depressive disorders. Key future directions include studies to understand the heterogeneity of both AUD and depressive disorders, research on novel treatment approaches to enhance outcomes, and better understanding of sex and gender differences.
Topics: Alcoholism; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Prevalence; Prognosis
PubMed: 31649834
DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v40.1.01 -
The Lancet. Psychiatry Sep 2020Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic mood disorder that is common and often more disabling than episodic major depression. In DSM-5, the term subsumes several... (Review)
Review
Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic mood disorder that is common and often more disabling than episodic major depression. In DSM-5, the term subsumes several chronic depressive presentations, including dysthymia with or without superimposed major depressive episodes, chronic major depression, and recurrent major depression without recovery between episodes. Dysthymia can be difficult to detect in psychiatric and primary care settings until it intensifies in the form of a superimposed major depressive episode. Although information is scarce concerning the cause of persistent depressive disorder including dysthymia, the causation is likely to be multifactorial. In this narrative Review, we discuss current knowledge about the nosology and neurobiological basis of dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder, emphasising a dimensional perspective based on course for further research. We also review new developments in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for persistent depressive disorder, and propose a tailored, modular approach to accommodate its multifaceted nature.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dysthymic Disorder; Humans; Psychotherapy; Recurrence
PubMed: 32828168
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30099-7 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Jun 2021Depressive disorder is one of the most widespread forms of psychiatric pathology, worldwide. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the number of people... (Review)
Review
Depressive disorder is one of the most widespread forms of psychiatric pathology, worldwide. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the number of people with depression, globally, is increasing dramatically with each year. Previous studies have demonstrated that various factors, including genetics and environmental stress, contribute to the risk of depression. As such, it is crucial to develop a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of depressive disorder and animal studies are essential for identifying the mechanisms and genetic disorders underlying depression. Recently, many researchers have reported on the pathology of depression via various models of depressive disorder. Given that different animal models of depression show differences in terms of patterns of depressive behavior and pathology, the comparison between depressive animal models is necessary for progress in the field of the depression study. However, the various animal models of depression have not been fully compared or evaluated until now. In this paper, we reviewed the pathophysiology of the depressive disorder and its current animal models with the analysis of their transcriptomic profiles. We provide insights for selecting different animal models for the study of depression.
Topics: Animals; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Species Specificity
PubMed: 33650178
DOI: 10.1111/cns.13622 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Feb 2024Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological... (Review)
Review
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 38331979
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Mar 2020Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, affecting more than 300 million people of all ages globally, and is now the leading cause of disability. Despite...
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, affecting more than 300 million people of all ages globally, and is now the leading cause of disability. Despite the availability of effective psychological and pharmacologic treatments, depression recognition and treatment rates remain low. Clinicians can improve the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of depression by using a measurement-based care approach. The systematic use of validated screening tools can improve recognition and diagnosis. The US Preventive Services Task force recommends routine screening of depression in adults and adolescents as long as systems are in place for accurate diagnosis, treatment initiation, and appropriate follow-up. Here, tools and diagnostic criteria are described.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Primary Health Care; Suicide
PubMed: 32220155
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.UT17042BR1C -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2020Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by low mood, loss of interest/enjoyment, and reduced energy and one of the five leading causes of disability and a... (Review)
Review
Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by low mood, loss of interest/enjoyment, and reduced energy and one of the five leading causes of disability and a major contributor to all-cause mortality worldwide. People with depression have, between others, a reduced life expectancy, worse quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, compared to the general population. Furthermore, the economic burden of mental disorders including depression is evident, and it is expected to increase to more than double by 2030. Therefore, reducing the growing burden of mental disorders such as depression should be a health priority. Improved prevention and treatment are two key factors that may reduce the burden of depression. Pharmacological- and psychotherapy-based interventions have been traditionally considered for treating depression disorders; however, there is an increasing amount of scientific evidence confirming that physical activity and physical exercise should be highly considered in prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. In this chapter, we aim to summarize and discuss the research progress of physical activity and exercise in prevention and treatment of depressive disorder. Specifically, we summarized and discussed the research progress of the prognostic use of physical activity for incident depression, the importance of sedentary behavior and other outcomes typically improved by physical activity/exercise such as cardiorespiratory fitness for future depression, the research progress of the evidence of the benefits of exercise in people with depression disorders, the resistance training effects in adults and older adults with depression, and the recommendations for the prescription of exercise for people with depression.
Topics: Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32342464
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_18 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Nov 2019We give an overview of recent developments on psychological treatments of depression in primary care. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We give an overview of recent developments on psychological treatments of depression in primary care.
RECENT FINDINGS
In recent years, it has become clear that psychotherapies can effectively be delivered through e-health applications. Furthermore, several studies in low and middle income countries have shown that lay health counselors can effectively deliver psychological therapies. Behavioral activation, a relatively simple form of therapy, has been found to be as effective as cognitive behavior therapy. Treatment of subthreshold depression has been found to not only reduce depressive symptoms but also prevent the onset of major depression. In addition, therapies are effective in older adults, patients with general medical disorders and in perinatal depression. Psychological therapies are effective in the treatment of depression in primary care, have longer lasting effects than drugs, are preferred by the majority of patients, and can be applied flexibly with different formats and across different target groups.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Primary Health Care; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 31760505
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1117-x -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Dec 2019Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is frequently accompanied by low mood, the features of which may satisfy the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is frequently accompanied by low mood, the features of which may satisfy the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment of depressive symptoms in the absence of BPD-appropriate treatment is less effective and may cause iatrogenic harm. This paper briefly reviews the co-occurrence of BPD and depressive disorder and suggests ways of differentiating these disorders and optimising treatment within the Australian Mental Health context.
CONCLUSIONS
Depressive symptoms are present in the majority of people with BPD. To address the difficulty differentiating clinically distinct MDD from depressive symptoms that are integral to BPD psychopathology, it is suggested that depressive symptoms arising from a primary diagnosis of BPD (i) may exhibit transience and be stress reactive, (ii) lack a robust clinical response to antidepressant medication and/or electroconvulsive treatment and (iii) are responsive to BPD-appropriate psychotherapy.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 31573324
DOI: 10.1177/1039856219878643 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Oct 2019Depression is a serious neurological disorder characterized by strong loss of interest, possibly leading to suicide. According to the World Health Organization, more... (Review)
Review
Depression is a serious neurological disorder characterized by strong loss of interest, possibly leading to suicide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 300 million people worldwide suffer from this disorder, being the leading cause of disability. The advancements in electroencephalography (EEG) make it a powerful tool for non-invasive studies on neurological disorders including depression. Scientific community has used EEG to better understand the mechanisms behind the disorder and find biomarkers, which are characteristics that can be precisely measured in order to identify or diagnose a disorder. This work presents a systematic mapping of recent studies ranging from 2014 to the end of 2018 which use non-invasive EEG to detect depression biomarkers. Our research has analyzed more than 250 articles and we discuss the findings and promising biomarkers of 42 studies, finding that the depressed brain appear to have a more random network structure, also finding promising features for diagnostic, such as, gamma band and signal complexity; among others which may detect specific depression-related symptoms such as suicidal ideation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Brain Waves; Depressive Disorder; Electroencephalography; Humans
PubMed: 31400570
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.021 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2020Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with higher mortality, poorer recovery, more pronounced cognitive deficits, and lower quality of life than is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with higher mortality, poorer recovery, more pronounced cognitive deficits, and lower quality of life than is stroke without depression. This manuscript will conduct an updated, comprehensive and clinically-useful review of the risk factors, pathophysiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of PSD.
METHODS
This narrative review summarizes articles obtained on PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database. This review prioritized articles with a more robust level of evidence, such as original articles with longitudinal data and/or larger samples, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses.
RESULTS
One hundred twenty-four articles were reviewed, of which 44 (35%) were published before 2016 and 80 (65%) that were published since 2016.
DISCUSSION
Rates of PSD range from 18 to 33%, yet it is vastly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Risk factors for PSD include female sex, history of psychiatric illness, large or multiple strokes, injuries in frontal/anterior areas or in the basal ganglia, stroke occurrence within the past year, poor social support, and pronounced disability. The pathophysiology of PSD is multifactorial and likely involves decreased levels of monoamines, abnormal neurotrophic response, increased inflammation with dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. The evidence for preventive interventions for PSD is somewhat inconsistent and modest. The best treatment for PSD consists of the combination of pharmacological, psychosocial and stroke-focused interventions.
CONCLUSION
PSD is a common, treatable condition that is associated with several negative outcomes. Early detection and proper management are critical to obtain better outcomes in individuals with PSD.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Humans; Stroke
PubMed: 32717644
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.011