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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... May 2023Major depressive disorder is a growing and poorly understood pathology. Due to technical and ethical limitations, a significant proportion of the research on depressive... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is a growing and poorly understood pathology. Due to technical and ethical limitations, a significant proportion of the research on depressive disorders cannot be performed on patients, but needs to be investigated in animal paradigms. Over the years, animal studies have provided new insight in the mechanisms underlying depression. Several of these studies have used PET imaging for the non-invasive and longitudinal investigation of the brain physiology. This review summarises the findings of preclinical PET imaging in different experimental paradigms of depression and compares these findings with observations from human studies. Preclinical PET studies in animal models of depression can be divided into three main different approaches: (a) investigation of glucose metabolism as a biomarker for regional and network involvement, (b) evaluation of the availability of different neuroreceptor populations associated with depressive phenotypes, and (c) monitoring of the inflammatory response in phenotypes of depression. This review also assesses the relevance of the use of PET imaging techniques in animal paradigms for the understanding of specific aspects of the depressive-like phenotypes, in particular whether it might contribute to achieve a more detailed characterisation of the clinical depressive phenotypes for the development of new therapies for depression.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Positron-Emission Tomography; Models, Animal; Phenotype; Brain; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36642759
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06073-4 -
Progress in Brain Research 2023Depression is one of the main public health problems in the world, having a high prevalence and being considered the main cause of disability. An important portion of...
Depression is one of the main public health problems in the world, having a high prevalence and being considered the main cause of disability. An important portion of patients does not respond to treatment with the initial trial of conventional antidepressants in the current depressive episode of moderate to severe intensity, which characterizes treatment-resistant depression. In this context, non-invasive neuromodulation procedures use an electric current or magnetic field to modulate the central nervous system, and they represent a new option for patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Topics: Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Brain; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37806716
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.03.006 -
Canadian Journal of Diabetes Aug 2020The rates of both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mental illness in pregnancy are rising. There is an association between type 2 diabetes and major depressive... (Review)
Review
The rates of both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mental illness in pregnancy are rising. There is an association between type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder, anxiety and schizophrenia, thus there is a need for greater understanding of the relationship between GDM and mental illness. This review suggests that there is a bidirectional and complex relationship between antenatal depression, gestational diabetes and postpartum depression. The combined effect of both a history of depression and gestational diabetes significantly increases the risk of postpartum depression. There is an association between severe mental illness and GDM; however, it is strongly mediated by antipsychotic medications and psychosocial factors, in addition to the disease itself. Medication has a major role in treating mental illness during pregnancy and is not directly linked with GDM in either depression or psychosis. Health-care providers should be mindful of the association between GDM and mental illness to appropriately screen and treat both disorders.
Topics: Canada; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prognosis
PubMed: 32792108
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.06.014 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person's everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 36362315
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530 -
Translational Psychiatry Sep 2023Treatment response and resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD) are suggested to be heritable. Due to significant challenges in defining treatment-related...
Treatment response and resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD) are suggested to be heritable. Due to significant challenges in defining treatment-related phenotypes, our understanding of their genetic bases is limited. This study aimed to derive a stringent definition of treatment resistance and to investigate the genetic overlap between treatment response and resistance in MDD. Using electronic medical records on the use of antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from Swedish registers, we derived the phenotype of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non-TRD within ~4500 individuals with MDD in three Swedish cohorts. Considering antidepressants and lithium are first-line treatment and augmentation used for MDD, respectively, we generated polygenic risk scores (PRS) of antidepressants and lithium response for individuals with MDD and evaluated their associations with treatment resistance by comparing TRD with non-TRD. Among 1778 ECT-treated MDD cases, nearly all (94%) used antidepressants before their first ECT and the vast majority had at least one (84%) or two (61%) antidepressants of adequate duration, suggesting these MDD cases receiving ECT were resistant to antidepressants. We did not observe a significant difference in the mean PRS of antidepressant response between TRD and non-TRD; however, we found that TRD cases had a significantly higher PRS of lithium response compared to non-TRD cases (OR = 1.10-1.12 under various definitions). The results support the evidence of heritable components in treatment-related phenotypes and highlight the overall genetic profile of lithium-sensitivity in TRD. This finding further provides a genetic explanation for lithium efficacy in treating TRD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Lithium; Antidepressive Agents; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
PubMed: 37770441
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02602-3 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2023Identifying and managing major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI) is critical for reducing the disease burden. This scoping... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation or behavior in Chinese population: A scoping review of current evidence on disease assessment, burden, treatment and risk factors.
BACKGROUND
Identifying and managing major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI) is critical for reducing the disease burden. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence related to MDSI in the Chinese population.
METHOD
A scoping review was conducted to summarize the published evidence regarding epidemiology or disease burden, evaluation, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of MDSI. The search strategy imposed restriction on English or Chinese publications between 1 January 2011 and 28 February 2022.
RESULTS
Of the 14,005 identified records, 133 met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. The included studies were characterized as high heterogeneity in evaluation of suicidal ideation or behavior. Compared with MDD patients without suicidal ideation or behavior, MDSI patients were more likely to suffer from psychological and somatic symptoms, social function impairment, and lower quality of life. Younger age, female gender, longer disease course, and comorbid psychological or physical symptoms were consistently found to be risk factors of suicidal ideation or behavior. Relevant research gaps remain regarding comprehensive evaluation of standard clinical diagnosis, disease burden, social-cultural risk factors, and effectiveness of interventions targeting MDSI. Studies with large sample size, representative population are warranted to provide high-quality evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
MDD patients with suicidal ideation or behavior should be prioritized in treatment and resource allocation. Heterogeneity exists in the definition and evaluation of MDSI in different studies. To better inform clinical practice, it is imperative to establish a unified standard for evaluation and diagnosis of suicidal ideation or behavior among MDD population.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; East Asian People; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 37619652
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.106 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Sep 2019The old classification of depression as reactive and endogenous, which are still observed in clinical practice, both cannot be accommodated under the current rubric of... (Review)
Review
The old classification of depression as reactive and endogenous, which are still observed in clinical practice, both cannot be accommodated under the current rubric of major depression. This is because psychiatric nosology under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and its latest fifth edition (DSM-V) is still descriptive and not etiologic. The aim of this review was to revisit reactive and endogenous categories of depression from the perspective of today's understanding of etiological pathways. From an epigenetic perspective, the old dichotomy of reactive versus endogenous is interrelated through the impact of the environment (e.g., stress). This includes familial or prenatal depression, where the environmental impact is before birth, or childhood depression, where the early life stress is the precipitating factor to genetic susceptibility. In conclusion, searching for both environmental impact (e.g., stressors) and genetic predispositions in depression, even at a clinical level, could help clinicians with better therapeutic decisions.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Depressive Disorder, Major; History, 20th Century; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 31464986
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000989 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Aug 2021Post stroke depression Post stroke depression is a common psychiatric disorder after a cerebrovascular insult. It effects the outcome of the rehabilitation after the...
Post stroke depression Post stroke depression is a common psychiatric disorder after a cerebrovascular insult. It effects the outcome of the rehabilitation after the stroke and leads to an increased mortality. The symptomatic description of the depressive symptoms is done according to the ICD-10 criteria. The following article aims to provide an overview of the etiologic theories, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies regarding PSD.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Stroke
PubMed: 34291664
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001274 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Dec 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder; Technology; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 38157501
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra2215898 -
Psychiatria Danubina Sep 2019Major depressive disorder is one of the most important psychiatric issues worldwide, with important prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Non-monoaminergic... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is one of the most important psychiatric issues worldwide, with important prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Non-monoaminergic agents are currently in the spotlight. Objective was to explore for information about mechanisms of action of ketamine, its connections with copper and possible importance for TRD treatment. There are at least few possible pathways for ketamine action in depression in which copper and other divalent ions may show a vital role. There is urgent need for more studies to gather information about correlation between ketamine, copper and antidepressive features of these agents.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Copper; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Humans; Ketamine
PubMed: 31488784
DOI: No ID Found