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Lancet (London, England) Dec 2021Rehabilitation has often been seen as a disability-specific service needed by only few of the population. Despite its individual and societal benefits, rehabilitation...
BACKGROUND
Rehabilitation has often been seen as a disability-specific service needed by only few of the population. Despite its individual and societal benefits, rehabilitation has not been prioritised in countries and is under-resourced. We present global, regional, and country data for the number of people who would benefit from rehabilitation at least once during the course of their disabling illness or injury.
METHODS
To estimate the need for rehabilitation, data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 were used to calculate the prevalence and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) of 25 diseases, impairments, or bespoke aggregations of sequelae that were selected as amenable to rehabilitation. All analyses were done at the country level and then aggregated to seven regions: World Bank high-income countries and the six WHO regions (ie, Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific).
FINDINGS
Globally, in 2019, 2·41 billion (95% uncertainty interval 2·34-2·50) individuals had conditions that would benefit from rehabilitation, contributing to 310 million [235-392] YLDs. This number had increased by 63% from 1990 to 2019. Regionally, the Western Pacific had the highest need of rehabilitation services (610 million people [588-636] and 83 million YLDs [62-106]). The disease area that contributed most to prevalence was musculoskeletal disorders (1·71 billion people [1·68-1·80]), with low back pain being the most prevalent condition in 134 of the 204 countries analysed.
INTERPRETATION
To our knowledge, this is the first study to produce a global estimate of the need for rehabilitation services and to show that at least one in every three people in the world needs rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury. This number counters the common view of rehabilitation as a service required by only few people. We argue that rehabilitation needs to be brought close to communities as an integral part of primary health care to reach more people in need.
FUNDING
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disabled Persons; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Needs Assessment; Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Sensation Disorders; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 33275908
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0 -
PloS One 2019To know the prevalence, associated factors and temporal trends of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain from 2009...
AIMS
To know the prevalence, associated factors and temporal trends of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain from 2009 to 2017.
BACKGROUND
Disability in older people is associated with health problems, increased health costs and low quality of life. There are no updated data in Spain with a representative sample about disability.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study with 25,465 non-institutionalized older people who participated in the European Health Survey in 2009 and 2014 and the National Health Survey in 2011/12 and 2017 in Spain. The prevalence rates of disability were evaluated using the Katz Scale and Lawton and Brody Scale. Logistic regression was used to determine if there was an association between basic and instrumental activities of daily living and sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS
More individuals had disability for instrumental activities of daily living (31.9%) than disability for basic activities of daily living (11.1%). The most predominant disability for instrumental activities of daily living was performing severe housework (34%). The prevalence of disabilities decreased from 2009 to 2017. In general, disability was associated with female gender, advanced age, lower education, restricted daily activity, being bedridden and higher pain levels.
CONCLUSION
There is a considerable prevalence of disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older people in Spain. Although the disability prevalence has decreased slowly from 2009 to 2017, it continues to remain a health problem. Gender may influence the disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Health policymakers should establish prevention strategies and effective interventions (e.g., physical exercise) for prevention and reduction of the disabilities for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, particularly in older females.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spain
PubMed: 31348797
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220157 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Nov 2019In Africa, rehabilitation services are insufficient and marred with inadequate political commitments and collaborations of stakeholders. Infrastructures and expertise... (Review)
Review
In Africa, rehabilitation services are insufficient and marred with inadequate political commitments and collaborations of stakeholders. Infrastructures and expertise for rehabilitation are scarce and poorly coordinated. Community-based rehabilitation programs are fragmented and fractured and lack working partnership with rehabilitation services in health care systems. Locally responsive policy frameworks, service delivery models, and health governance practices are prerequisites for meeting rehabilitation needs of the ever-increasing number of persons with chronic disabling conditions. Concerted global efforts are required for equitable and accessible coordinated continuum of rehabilitation care at various levels of health services and the community in most Sub-Saharan African countries.
Topics: Africa; Community Health Services; Delivery of Health Care; Developing Countries; Disabled Persons; Education; Forecasting; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
PubMed: 31563167
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.07.002 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Nov 2019A profound need for rehabilitation services exists, especially in developing countries. This article highlights the role of the epidemiology of disability in addressing... (Review)
Review
A profound need for rehabilitation services exists, especially in developing countries. This article highlights the role of the epidemiology of disability in addressing this critical need. The article concludes that national and global disability epidemiology statistics inform stakeholder development of rehabilitation policies and programs necessary to meet the global need for rehabilitation, directly supporting the World Health Organization Rehabilitation 2030: Call for Action and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages."
Topics: Cost of Illness; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Epidemiology; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; World Health Organization
PubMed: 31563163
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.07.012 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine; Workers' Compensation
PubMed: 31227144
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.05.001 -
Harefuah Apr 2022The prevalence of disabilities in the general population is not neglectable and gaps in providing quality health service persist between people with and without... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of disabilities in the general population is not neglectable and gaps in providing quality health service persist between people with and without disabilities. Though life expectancy of persons with disability is increasing, there is an excess of preventable morbidity and mortality. The person with disability has needs and expectations and should be partners in the process of prevention, treatment and follow-up of their health status. According to research, the medical care for the patient with disability does not meet the standards derived from the evidence. Patient safety is a core domain in the quality of care and that is true for the care of persons with disability. Communication, stigma, lack of knowledge, skills and training, are major inhibitors of the provision of high-quality care for the people with disabilities and are considered to be factors responsible for the high incidence of adverse and medical errors in this group of patients. Approaching these topics with critical attention is needed across the span of medical care from the community to the hospital and from prevention to the more complex and sophisticated care offered to the patient with disability.
Topics: Communication; Disabled Persons; Hospitals; Humans; Prevalence; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 35466612
DOI: No ID Found -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere 2020There is often confusion between the notion of disability in everyday life in society and the more specific notion of disability in the workplace. A health problem...
There is often confusion between the notion of disability in everyday life in society and the more specific notion of disability in the workplace. A health problem cannot be considered as a disability in everyday life, even if it makes life less agreeable, but can become one in the context of a professional activity. What and who exactly do we mean when we refer to disabled workers? Here we explore the different types of disabilities and their effects on employment as well as the tools currently available.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Workplace
PubMed: 33160463
DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0814(20)30141-9 -
Communications Biology Jul 2021July is Disability Pride Month here in New York, where part of the Communications Biology team is based. To mark this occasion, we are featuring a series of scientist...
July is Disability Pride Month here in New York, where part of the Communications Biology team is based. To mark this occasion, we are featuring a series of scientist interviews on the Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution Community site and wanted to elaborate on our motivations behind this post and our hopes for the future concerning the lived experience of disability in science.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Science
PubMed: 34272479
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02411-8 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2023According to the social model of disability, it is not individuals' impairments, but societal barriers that cause these impairments to be disabling. Impairment refers to...
According to the social model of disability, it is not individuals' impairments, but societal barriers that cause these impairments to be disabling. Impairment refers to the "loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function," whereas disability is socially constructed and refers to the inability to independently complete one or more everyday tasks at a "normal" level of functioning. Existing research finds that disability serves as a chronic stressor, and those with disabilities report higher rates of substance use than their able-bodied counterparts. Therefore, this research will be among the first to combine the social model of disability with the stress process framework. It will examine the relationship between impairment and substance use and how disability, as a measure of chronic stress, may affect this relationship. More specifically, using data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( = 42,739), this article examines the following two research questions: (1) What is the relationship between impairment and substance use disorder? and (2) Does disability, as a measure of chronic stress, mediate the relationship between impairment and substance use disorder? Findings reveal that those with an impairment have significantly greater odds of having a substance use disorder. However, the relationship between impairment and substance use disorder is fully mediated by disability. These findings indicate that disability or the chronic stress one faces living in an inaccessible society, not one's impairments, are what accounts for the increased likelihood of substance use disorder among individuals with disabilities.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 36510828
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2155475 -
Journal of Medical Ethics Nov 2022This response to Evans encourages broader consideration of what constitutes disability, extending beyond a protagonist's capabilities toward society's fuller chorus....
This response to Evans encourages broader consideration of what constitutes disability, extending beyond a protagonist's capabilities toward society's fuller chorus. Three avenues are submitted to encourage this. First, Engel's biopsychosocial paradigm of health can be helpfully applied to the question of identity in general, and disability in particular. Second, the philosophy of language (and of naming) gives useful insight into the pitfalls of trying to define disability via descriptions of capability. Third, Kennedy's critique 'Unmasking Medicine' offers a sociopolitical view that builds on Foucault and Illich allowing us to recognise that it matters who judges who, as disabled, and on what grounds. Alongside this, I suggest alternative views first, on the authors' liberal use of bell curves in the depiction of disability and second, on their terminology of capacity spaces.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 35321936
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2021-108120