-
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of... (Review)
Review
This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of available policy documents, academic, and grey literature was completed to discover key characteristics of this concept and provide context around the phenomenon. Our focus was on Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a key reform providing support to the disability population nationally. No peer-reviewed or grey literature was retrieved on the phenomena. Therefore, three lines of enquiry were developed: experiences of NDIS participants living with psychosocial disabilities; the death, dying, and palliative care supports and experiences of NDIS participants of any disability type; and the experiences for people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and life-limiting diagnoses. Five themes were identified: (1) the person; (2) advocacy; (3) informal supports; (4) formal supports; and (5) existing research. NDIS participants living with SPMI and their informal and formal support systems are still struggling to navigate the NDIS. While there are no specific publications about their end-of-life experiences, people with SPMI often experience poor end-of-life outcomes. Rigorous research into their death, dying, and palliative care experiences is needed to inform improved support to them, including their end-of-life care.
Topics: Australia; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Humans; Insurance, Disability; Palliative Care; Terminal Care
PubMed: 36011776
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610144 -
Nursing Research 2020Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the embodiment of their gender, race, social class, and disability positionalities and how they draw from their cultural backgrounds as they engage in health-seeking behaviors.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to explore how young Black men experienced the onset of chronic disabling conditions while negotiating health-promoting activities in the context of gender, race, social class, disability positionalities, and culture.
METHODS
This descriptive study used hermeneutic phenomenology to achieve study objectives. This study's research questions were answered using audiotaped, one-on-one qualitative interviews, along with detailed field notes. Each participant was interviewed twice at a mutually decided upon location to ensure their privacy and comfort.
RESULTS
In relation to their embodied interactions of self in the context of disability, these men described their health-related decisions using four themes: maintaining manhood, economic constraints, the "risk" of healthcare, and health promotion.
CONCLUSIONS
By examining the experiences of young adult Black men living with disabilities, knowledge of their perspectives and experiences at earlier stages in their life course contributes to the understanding of their personal challenges, health needs, and their perspectives of health-promoting strategies.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Health Behavior; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; United States; White People
PubMed: 31834116
DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000396 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2021The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts... (Review)
Review
The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts to improve independent living skills, daily living activities, and quality of life as a whole for people living visual disabilities, vision rehabilitation is an indispensable component. There is no single appropriate low vision and rehabilitation model implementable at health care institutions in the country to cover these fundamental aspects of a visually impaired individual. We did a literature review to know the existing practices of low vision and various disability models. The purpose of the review is to discern any pitfalls and shortcomings in managing visually disabled in India and to underpin the credibility and feasibility as well as suitability of the developed model. The review was done using search key terms low vision, current practices, visual disability, disability models, vision rehabilitation, and service delivery. Therefore, the article discusses the development of an inclusive low vision management model name as "Clinico-Social Model", which we consider the most appropriate for the best management of people with vision loss. The primary aim of this model is to provide both clinical and vision rehabilitation components of management for people with visual disabilities. Such an approach is likely to have the potential to improve the quality of life of people with vision loss and can provide practical guide to eye care managers across India. Given the specific context in the current practices of low vision in India, it is desirable to design a similar model to care for the visually disabled.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; India; Quality of Life; Vision, Low; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 33463601
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_236_20 -
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational... Oct 2023Critical perspectives which focus on socio-political influences on occupation have gained increased attention within the occupational therapy profession. Critical...
BACKGROUND
Critical perspectives which focus on socio-political influences on occupation have gained increased attention within the occupational therapy profession. Critical disability studies (CDS) question prevailing assumptions about disability and how disabling ideologies and practices are perpetuated in society. Universal Design (UD) is a design approach that aims to operationalise issues of inclusion and justice.
AIM
To identify and discuss how the tenets of CDS and UD can contribute to occupational therapy practice and research.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Drawing on the writings of leading scholars within CDS, UD and occupational therapy, we demonstrate the intertwined barriers faced by disabled children, youth, and adults who have participated in our studies and provide ideas on how practice can be guided by the tenets of CDS and UD to promote social equity.
CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating CDS and UD perspectives in occupational therapy practice and research requires a change in mindset and ways of working. Occupational therapy knowledge needs to be expanded to scrutinise disabling hindrances hidden within social and structural spaces, and implemented in services. We recommend working with disability communities to raise awareness and combat disabling barriers at various level of society, as mandated by policy.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Occupational Therapy; Universal Design; Disabled Persons; Social Justice; Occupations; Disabled Children
PubMed: 37347800
DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2225755 -
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Feb 2021Many patients have disabilities; it is therefore essential that medical education includes comprehensive teaching on disability and rehabilitation. In 2006 Hannover...
BACKGROUND
Many patients have disabilities; it is therefore essential that medical education includes comprehensive teaching on disability and rehabilitation. In 2006 Hannover Medical School implemented an introductory course in the curriculum for medical students, on how to communicate with persons with disability and the need for rehabilitation. The course, entitled "Introduction to medicine", has the main goals of teaching the strategy and systematic approach of medicine to solving patients' problems.
METHODS
This paper describes the content, methods and outcomes of 1 of the 4 main themes of the "Introduction to medicine" course; the theme "Pain and disability", which is covered in the second week of the course.
RESULTS
Evaluation of the "Pain and disability" module found that students' ratings for the category "patient involvement" were very high (93%), whereas their ratings for the category "examination of student knowledge" were low. The overall rating of the module was "good" (10.8 out of 15 points), but not "very good".
CONCLUSION
The concept of the "Pain and disability" module is feasible and successful, even though it is scheduled early in the first year of the curriculum and approximately 350 students participate. Factors related to this success are: a mixture of teaching knowledge, supporting students' understanding, and applying communication and physical examination skills.
Topics: Curriculum; Disabled Persons; Humans; Students, Medical
PubMed: 33594446
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2797 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Feb 2020To demonstrate the value of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) notion of functioning as an operationalisation of health so as...
To demonstrate the value of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) notion of functioning as an operationalisation of health so as to describe, measure, and explain the lived experience of health, which is what matters to people about their health. Conceptual analysis based on evidence on the need to describe, measure, and compare states of health. The ICF is the ideal framework to operationalise the lived experience of health. Its application in rehabilitation in particular, shows its value for the standardised reporting of outcomes of health interventions, clinical and services quality management, and evidence-informed health policy. The ICF provides both the frame of reference for an operationalisation of health that satisfies the intuitive understanding of what matters to people about their health and the technical tools for both health sciences and practice.Implications for rehabilitationAn operationalisation of health is essential to describe the relative health status of individuals and populations as well as to measure the impact of rehabilitation interventions.An operationalisation of health focuses on the lived experience of health.The International Classification of Health, Functioning and Disability (ICF) is the ideal framework to operationalise the lived experience of health.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Health; Health Status Disparities; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Life Change Events; Needs Assessment; Rehabilitation
PubMed: 30325685
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1503730 -
Disability and Health Journal Apr 2022Health worker training on disability is a recognized component of achieving high standards of health for people with disabilities, given that health worker's lack of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Health worker training on disability is a recognized component of achieving high standards of health for people with disabilities, given that health worker's lack of knowledge, stigma, and negative attitudes towards people with disabilities act as barriers to high quality health care.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the published literature on training health workers about disability.
METHODS
We searched five databases for relevant peer-reviewed articles published between January 2012 and January 2021. Studies that focused on training health care workers to improve knowledge, confidence, self-efficacy, and competence to support people with physical, sensory, or intellectual impairments were included. Data about the details of the intervention (setting, participants, format, impact assessments, etc.) and its effects were extracted.
RESULTS
There is an array of highly local tools to train health workers across stages of their training and careers (preservice, in-service, and continuing professional development). Studies involving people with disabilities in the training, community placements, simulations, or interactive sessions were found to be most effective in improving knowledge, confidence, competency, and self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
As part of initiatives to build inclusive health systems and improve health outcomes for people with disabilities, health workers around the world need to receive appropriate and evidence-based training that combines multiple methods and involves people with disabilities. To monitor progress on the impact of training, there should also be a standardized measure of impact on core outcomes.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Personnel; Humans; Quality of Health Care; Social Stigma
PubMed: 35090840
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101260 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA declaration guidelines, in which six databases were analysed (Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, Pubmed, Eric, and PsycInfo). A total of 19 articles were selected for analysis after applying the inclusion criteria. The results show that the figures of the coach and families in the sporting and social contexts, respectively, had a relevant influence on the training process of para-athletes. Furthermore, in terms of psychological aspects, stress reduction, the importance of self-esteem, and motivation were highlighted. On the other hand, there are some barriers hindering the training and performance of athletes, which are related to the lack of financial support, lack of visibility in the media, and dependence on other people. These considerations can be of great help to coaches and competent institutions in the field (Paralympic committees, federations, etc.) in order to improve the training process and performance of para-athletes and to eliminate the barriers encountered by this group, promoting policies which facilitate access to sports for people with disabilities.
Topics: Athletes; Disabled Persons; Humans; Motivation; Para-Athletes; Sports
PubMed: 35742492
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127242 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Apr 2022The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of families in accessing government support (i.e., disability allowances and rehabilitation services) for...
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of families in accessing government support (i.e., disability allowances and rehabilitation services) for their children with disabilities (CWDs) in Bangladesh.
METHOD
We employed a qualitative descriptive method of study and interviewed 27 family members of CWDs. A thematic analysis was applied to analyze data using the following access dimensions to organize themes: availability, accommodation, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and awareness.
RESULTS
Participants shared both positive and negative experiences across the access dimensions in accessing government support. Participants appreciated the government's effort in providing support to CWDs. In particular, disability allowances and coordinated rehabilitation services at one-stop were important for families. Further, positive attitudes, such as respect and support from providers, were reported by many families. However, a majority of participants reported a long wait time to get the disability allowance for CWDs. Participants also reported that a shortage of rehabilitation professionals in the public sector was a major concern. Finally, inaccessible infrastructure (e.g., facilities and transportation) and stigma were barriers for many participants of the study.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the government's commitment "on paper" is yet to meet the needs of its intended beneficiaries "in practice". There is a need for policy intervention to address barriers faced by families within the context of current access pathways.Implications for rehabilitationShortage of rehabilitation services and limited availability of disability allowances [negatively] affect family member's access to government-led support for their CWDs in Bangladesh.The government has increased services for people with disability significantly but there is a need for it to ensure the availability of all forms of rehabilitation and increase the quota for disability allowances to meet the needs of families.It is imperative to improve mechanisms of monitoring the commitment of enacting tangible results from policies in order to ensure equitable distribution of disability allowance and rehabilitation services.
Topics: Bangladesh; Child; Disabled Children; Disabled Persons; Government; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Social Stigma
PubMed: 32809849
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1804000 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Dec 2023The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no arbitrarily accepted definition of disability, and those currently available outline the ranges of support for which rehabilitation measures are necessary.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the review is to present the problem areas that contribute to the definition of disability and their interdependence and effectiveness in relation to rehabilitation interventions, as well as identification of the most frequent medical and social problems interdependent on the quality and feasibility of rehabilitation interventions.
REVIEW METHODS
Scientific literature in Polish and English for 1993-2023 and legal acts concerning the definition of disability, definition of rehabilitation and the problem of employment were reviewed. The following key words were used to search the NIZP-PZH, MZ, JAHEE and ISAP databases: disabled persons, definitions of disability, rehabilitation as a process, synchronization of thematic groups of disability definitions with the rehabilitation process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Disability is a public health problem. The actual determination of the extent, medical and social needs of people with disabilities involves methods and measures for classifying people as disabled. The effects of treatment and rehabilitation are assessed by the level of functioning of the disabled in society.
SUMMARY
The multiplicity of characteristics included in the definitions of disability account for all problems in health and social terms. In view of the social, environmental and cultural changes, the scope of needs of people with disabilities is also changing, which can be seen in newly-developed definitions, including rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Employment; Poland; Public Health
PubMed: 38153059
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/177341