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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020The research aimed to identify managers' conceptions of disability and the relationship that was established between these conceptions and their perception of the...
The research aimed to identify managers' conceptions of disability and the relationship that was established between these conceptions and their perception of the persons with disabilities (PWD) performance, bond, benefits of hiring, and training needs. 257 managers answered a questionnaire in order to identify conceptions of disability in organizations. Descriptive statistics, factorial analysis, and hierarchical analysis of grouping were performed while using IBM Statistic 20.0.0. The results show that managers who have the spiritual and the conception based on inclusion perceive the insertion of PWD as beneficial to the organization. Those who conceive disability as a question of normality perceive the PWD performance as inferior to those without disabilities, which implies that PWDs should be segregated; and, the managers who perceive disability as a social problem are likely to place PWDs in the workplace according to their potential. The results can be fruitfully used by managers, human resources' professionals, academics, and the society to promote inclusion.
Topics: Administrative Personnel; Disabled Persons; Humans; Organizational Culture; Perception; Personnel Selection; Prejudice; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Workplace
PubMed: 32993023
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197039 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Aug 2019Many youths with disabilities find it challenging to disclose their medical condition and request workplace accommodations. Our objective was to explore when and how...
Many youths with disabilities find it challenging to disclose their medical condition and request workplace accommodations. Our objective was to explore when and how young people with disabilities disclose their condition and request workplace accommodations. We conducted 17 in-depth interviews (11 females, six males) with youth with disabilities aged 15-34 (mean age 26). We analyzed our data using an interpretive, qualitative, and thematic approach. Our results showed the timing of when youth disclosed their disability to their employer depended on disability type and severity, comfort level, type of job, and industry. Youth's strategies and reasons for disclosure included advocating for their needs, being knowledgeable about workplace rights, and accommodation solutions. Facilitators for disclosure included job preparation, self-confidence, and self-advocacy skills, and having an inclusive work environment. Challenges to disability disclosure included the fear of stigma and discrimination, lack of employer's knowledge about disability and accommodations, negative past experiences of disclosing, and not disclosing on your own terms. Our findings highlight that youth encounter several challenges and barriers to disclosing their condition and requesting workplace accommodations. The timing and process for disclosing is complex and further work is needed to help support youth with disclosing their condition. Implications for rehabilitation Clinicians, educators, and employers should emphasize the importance of mentoring and leadership programs to give youth the confidence and self-advocacy skills needed to disclose and ask for accommodations in the workplace. Clinicians should advocate for the inclusion of youth with disabilities in the workforce and educate employers on the importance of doing so. Youth with disabilities need more opportunities for employment training and particularly how to disclose their disability and request workplace accommodations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Communication Barriers; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Disclosure; Employment, Supported; Female; Humans; Male; Needs Assessment; Self-Assessment; Social Skills; Social Stigma; Workplace
PubMed: 29558221
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1451926 -
Prosthetics and Orthotics International Dec 2020In the inaugural edition of in 1977, Dr Sidney Fishman identified the Psychological Sciences as one of six indispensable areas of skill and knowledge in professional... (Review)
Review
In the inaugural edition of in 1977, Dr Sidney Fishman identified the Psychological Sciences as one of six indispensable areas of skill and knowledge in professional prosthetic-orthotic practice. Since then, there have been substantial changes and developments in the complexity and capabilities of assistive technologies, greater emphasis on understanding the relationships between people and enabling technologies, growing recognition of the importance of the contexts and environments that support their use, and changes in both health care services and the professional development of prosthetists and orthotists. The aim of this narrative review is to reflect on the role of in shaping the evolving understanding of psychology in prosthetics and orthotics. There remains considerable potential and opportunity for the development and application of psychology in addressing the challenges of disability globally. However, a broad interpretation and application of the principles of rehabilitation psychology are needed if we are to meaningfully incorporate psychological science into the knowledge that informs prosthetic and orthotic practice.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Orthotic Devices; Prostheses and Implants; Quality of Life; Self-Help Devices
PubMed: 33164660
DOI: 10.1177/0309364620967780 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019Accuracy in measuring function related to one's ability to work is central to public confidence in a work disability benefits system. In the United States, national...
Accuracy in measuring function related to one's ability to work is central to public confidence in a work disability benefits system. In the United States, national disability programs are challenged to adjudicate millions of work disability claims each year in a timely and accurate manner. The Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB) was developed to provide work disability agencies and other interested parties a comprehensive and efficient approach to profiling a person's function related to their ability to work. The WD-FAB is grounded by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health conceptual framework.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Mental Health; Motor Activity; Return to Work; United States; Work Capacity Evaluation
PubMed: 31227131
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.03.004 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to identify models of community disability, rehabilitation and lifestyle service delivery in non-metropolitan areas of Australia,...
PURPOSE
The aim of this systematic review was to identify models of community disability, rehabilitation and lifestyle service delivery in non-metropolitan areas of Australia, and to describe these models through an Integrated People-Centred Health Services (IPCHS) lens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and June 2021 that met the following criteria: described or evaluated a community service delivery model, intervention or program in regional, rural or remote Australia; provided for people with a disability or a potentially disabling health condition. A scoring rubric was developed covering the five IPCHS strategies.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies were included in the review. We identified a range of service delivery models providing support to people with a range of disabilities or conditions. We report evidence of the use of the IPCHS strategies in ways relevant to the local context.
DISCUSSION
Several strengths emerged, with many services tailored to individual need, and significant community engagement. Innovative rural service delivery approaches were also identified. Key areas requiring action included improved coordination or integration within and across professions and sectors. There was limited evidence of co-production of solutions or participatory governance. While people-centred approaches show promise to improve community-based services, large-scale fundamental change is required.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCommunity-based disability and rehabilitation services in rural and remote Australia performed well at delivering tailored care and engaging in community consultation.These services must urgently implement strategies to enhance community ownership of solutions and participatory governance.Services must place a greater focus on explicit strategies to integrate and coordinate across services and professions, and to create an enabling environment, to deliver people-centred care.The World Health Organisation Integrated People-Centred Health Services framework provides an important roadmap to improving service delivery in rural and remote Australian communities.
Topics: Australia; Delivery of Health Care; Disabled Persons; Humans; Life Style; Rural Health Services; Rural Population
PubMed: 34433373
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1962992 -
International Archives of Occupational... Mar 2023An individual's quality of employment over time has been highlighted as a potential determinant of mental health. With mental ill-health greatly contributing to work...
OBJECTIVES
An individual's quality of employment over time has been highlighted as a potential determinant of mental health. With mental ill-health greatly contributing to work incapacities and disabilities in Belgium, the present study aims to explore whether mental health, as indicated by registered mental health-related disability, is structured along the lines of employment quality, whereby employment quality is assessed over time as part of individuals' labour market trajectories.
METHODS
Using administrative data from the Belgian Crossroads Bank for Social Security over 16 quarters between 2006 and 2009, transitions between waged jobs of varying quality (based on dimensions of income, working time, employment stability and multiple jobholding), self-employment, and unemployment are considered among individuals in the labour force aged 30-40 at baseline (n = 41,065 women and 45,667 men). With Multichannel Sequence Analysis and clustering, we constructed ideal types of employment trajectories. Fitting Cox regressions, we then evaluated individuals' hazard of experiencing a disability from a mental disorder between 2010 and 2016.
RESULTS
Our analysis highlights various gender-specific trajectories. Among both genders, individuals exposed to near-constant unemployment over the initial 4 years showed the highest hazard of subsequent mental health-related disability compared to a group characterised by stable full-time employment, single jobholding, and above-median income. Trajectories involving a higher probability of subsidised and non-standard employment and (potential) spells of unemployment and lower relative income were also strong predictors of cause-specific disabilities. Health selection and confounding might, however, be contributing factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows a gradient of mental disorders resulting in a disability along trajectory types. Our findings highlight the predictive power of labour market trajectories and their employment quality for subsequent mental disorder-related disability. Future research should examine the mechanisms, including selection effects in this association.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Belgium; Employment; Unemployment; Disabled Persons; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36214912
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01923-y -
PloS One 2021We estimate disability prevalence rates and gaps in social conditions in eight Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries and project current and future disability...
We estimate disability prevalence rates and gaps in social conditions in eight Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries and project current and future disability prevalence rates in the region. Using data from representative samples of the population in eight countries, we find that reported disability prevalence varies widely across countries, ranging between 4.5 percent in Trinidad and Tobago (2011) to 24.9 percent in Brazil (2010). Differences in surveying approaches and demographic structures likely explain a part of this variation. We find marked sociodemographic gradients for disability. We also report significant disability gaps: people living with disabilities have lower educational attendance and completion rates and lower employment rates. We use age and sex-specific disability rates from our sample of countries and information on the current and future demographic structures in LAC countries to project disability prevalence for the whole region. We project that the total number of people with disabilities in this region will increase by approximately 60 million between 2020 and 2050. Our projections suggest that countries need to systematically plan and implement inclusion policies to adequately address the growing population of people with disabilities in the years to come.
Topics: Caribbean Region; Censuses; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Latin America; Male; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 34705856
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258825 -
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive... Mar 2020Societal views about sexuality and parenting among people with disabilities may limit these individuals' access to sex education and the full range of reproductive...
CONTEXT
Societal views about sexuality and parenting among people with disabilities may limit these individuals' access to sex education and the full range of reproductive health services, and put them at increased risk for -unintended pregnancies. To date, however, no national population-based studies have examined pregnancy -intendedness among U.S. women with disabilities.
METHODS
Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2011-2013 and 2013-2015 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth were conducted; the sample included 5,861 pregnancies reported by 3,089 women. The proportion of pregnancies described as unintended was calculated for women with any type of disability, women with each of five types of disabilities and women with no disabilities. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of disability status and type with pregnancy intendedness while adjusting for covariates.
RESULTS
A higher proportion of pregnancies were unintended among women with disabilities than among women without disabilities (53% vs. 36%). Women with independent living disability had the highest proportion of unintended pregnancies (62%). In regression analyses, the odds that a pregnancy was unintended were greater among women with any type of disability than among women without disabilities (odds ratio, 1.4), and were also elevated among women with hearing disability, cognitive disability or independent living disability (1.5-1.9).
CONCLUSIONS
Further research is needed to understand differences in unintended pregnancy by type and extent of disability. People with disabilities should be fully included in sex education, and their routine care should incorporate discussion of reproductive planning.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services for Persons with Disabilities; Humans; Intention; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Reproductive Behavior; Reproductive Health Services; Sex Education; United States
PubMed: 32096336
DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12130 -
Neurology India 2020Many neurological conditions may result in long-term disability. The measures of prevalence and mortality vastly understate the disability they cause. In the Persons...
Many neurological conditions may result in long-term disability. The measures of prevalence and mortality vastly understate the disability they cause. In the Persons with Disabilities Act 1995 (equal opportunities, protection of rights, and full participation), neurological conditions are ignored. Although Indian Disability Evaluation and Asessment Scale (IDEAS), which assesses psychiatric conditions, does include dementia as one of the neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, according to the global burden of disease report, 33% of years lived with neurological disability and 13% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are due to neurological and psychiatric disorders. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring it an umbrella term with the following three major components; 1) impairments: problems in body function or structure, 2) activity limitations: difficulties encountered by a person in executing a task or action, and 3) participation restrictions: problems of involvement in life situations experienced by a person. Hence, an attempt was made to rectify the above concerns. To address the above mentioned concerns, we think that there is a need of a comprehensive format for neurological disabilities assessment which would also include objective neuropsychological assessments. As future directions, national level meetings are required to formulate 'Indian Standard Track for Assessing Neurological Disability' (I-STAND) and uniform guidelines for disability assessment in 'chronic neurological conditions' with a special focus on "neuropsychological disability".
Topics: Chronic Disease; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; India; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 32129266
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.279709 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024
Topics: Humans; Burnout, Professional; Male; Female; Disabled Persons; Physicians; Middle Aged; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38722631
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10701