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Rehabilitation Psychology Aug 2022Graduate students and faculty with disabilities are underrepresented in psychology and face many barriers in graduate education and training. Teaching is a major...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
Graduate students and faculty with disabilities are underrepresented in psychology and face many barriers in graduate education and training. Teaching is a major component of graduate training and faculty preparation, but there is a dearth of research on the teaching experiences of psychology graduate students with disabilities. The objective of this study was to explore the teaching experiences of psychology graduate students with disabilities.
RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 disabled psychology graduate students who had teaching experience as part of their graduate programs. Interviews were analyzed using phenomenological coding.
RESULTS
Common themes among participants were lack of disability disclosure; lack of accommodations for teaching and guidance of how to receive them; and supportive and nonsupportive resources and mentors in their graduate teaching experiences.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Disabled graduate student teachers often lack environments and resources where they can receive disability-specific support and accommodations for teaching. Faculty and programs should develop and promote disability-affirmative training cultures that actively support graduate student teachers with disabilities, including departmental cultures that de-stigmatize disability disclosure and accommodations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Disabled Persons; Education, Graduate; Humans; Mentors; Qualitative Research; Students
PubMed: 35834203
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000450 -
Health Services Research Jun 2020To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) Rebalancing Demonstration and determine whether outcomes vary by age and disability.
DATA SOURCE
Secondary data on transition challenges for individuals enrolled in Connecticut's MFP program between December 2008 and December 2017.
STUDY DESIGN
Challenges were analyzed for older adults, people with mental health disability, and people with physical disability. Bivariate and multivariate analyses investigated which transition challenges and selected demographic variables predict transition versus closure and length of transition period for each group.
DATA EXTRACTION METHODS
The sample includes 3506 persons who attempted transition from institutions to community living and whose case concluded with transition or closure from 2015 to 2017.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The association between most transition challenges and the ability of long-stay institutional residents to return to the community, and to do so in a timely manner, varies significantly among older adults and younger persons with physical or mental health disabilities. For all groups, however, consumer engagement challenges predicted closure without transition (OR: 1.3-3.9) and housing challenges predicted longer transition periods (84-132 days). Length of institutional stay was associated with both outcomes for older adults and persons with physical disability. Other challenges, such as issues with services and supports, differed among the three groups on both outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the effects of transition challenges on success and timeliness of transition for each group allows program managers and health and service providers to focus resources on addressing the most serious challenges. Particular emphasis should be placed on consumer engagement and housing challenges, and on targeting persons for transition early in their institutional stay. Federal and state transition programs can benefit by individualizing supports for residents to yield successful outcomes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Connecticut; Disabled Persons; Female; Housing; Humans; Male; Patient Care Team; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Residential Facilities; Social Work; Time Factors
PubMed: 31989595
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13267 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019When health providers become involved in impairment evaluation, they inevitably encounter administrative systems that adjudicate disability determinations. Those...
When health providers become involved in impairment evaluation, they inevitably encounter administrative systems that adjudicate disability determinations. Those determinations take place in varied systems, each with its own terminology and processes, which can lead to confusion and frustration. Understanding historical and administrative context reduces potential for iatrogenic harm due tocaused by needless disability. The key to better health outcomes for patients involved in disability benefit systems is to understand the health benefits of work, advocate for the best health interests of patients rather than for specific administrative outcomes, and to communicate clearly and objectively with both patients and benefit administrators.
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Employment; Health Communication; Humans; Insurance, Disability; Patient Advocacy
PubMed: 31227126
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.03.001 -
Psychiatria Danubina Dec 2023Disabled people, and particularly people with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, experience significant health disparities compared to nondisabled...
Disabled people, and particularly people with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, experience significant health disparities compared to nondisabled people. These disparities are not explained by the underlying disabling condition but, rather, by unfair and avoidable conditions. One prevailing condition, implicit bias and discrimination against disabled patients in the healthcare sector, limits quality of care and health outcomes for this population. Most healthcare professionals have strong implicit bias against disabled people, which negatively impact clinical decision-making and the behavior of healthcare professionals toward disabled patients. For example, most healthcare providers believe that disability confers poor quality of life. According to quality of life research with disabled people, this belief is false and damaging. Because training programs fail to challenge implicit biases and damaging beliefs about disability, healthcare providers are not prepared to provide quality health care to disabled patients. Including disabled people in didactic and clinical training as instructors, members of panels, and as healthcare students is the first essential step to preparing a disability competent healthcare workforce.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Quality of Life; Disabled Persons; Health Personnel; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37994069
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Neurosciences Jul 2021The authors explore the real-life issue of diversity disclosure within academia. The breadth of disability and discrimination is framed within the context of high...
The authors explore the real-life issue of diversity disclosure within academia. The breadth of disability and discrimination is framed within the context of high demands and competitiveness. While some institutions are supportive, the culture of ableism, stigmatization, and the disabling barriers make disclosure of disability a complex and difficult decision. The authors discuss the importance of not only normalizing varying abilities, but embracing and valuing the diversity and contributions that individuals with disabilities bring to the academic environment.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Disclosure; Humans
PubMed: 34020785
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.04.004 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Aug 2020Positive disability identity has been proposed as a protective factor against disability-related stressors. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to positive...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
Positive disability identity has been proposed as a protective factor against disability-related stressors. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to positive self-concept as a person with a disability. The most widely used measure of PDI captures disability affirmation and disability acceptance (Hahn & Belt, 2004). The current study examined the association between PDI (i.e., acceptance and affirmation) and hope (i.e., pathways and agency). Hope is defined as a process of thinking about one's goals, including motivation to pursue goals (agency) and ways to achieve goals (pathways; Snyder et al., 1991).
METHOD
One hundred eighty-six adults with physical disabilities completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire measuring PDI, hope, personal factors, and impairment-related factors.
RESULTS
Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that agency was predicted by both disability acceptance ( < .001) and disability affirmation ( < .001), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. Presence of multiple disabilities was also found to be negatively associated with agency ( = .001). Pathways was predicted by disability acceptance ( < .001) but not disability affirmation ( = .17), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. The regression model on agency explained 50% of the variance in agency scores, a moderate effect; the model on pathways explained 36% of the variance in pathways scores, a moderate effect. Internal consistency of all instruments was supported and confirmatory factor analyses supported the use of the PDI subscales.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
By introducing hope as a correlate of disability acceptance and disability affirmation, this study provides support for the role of disability identity in promoting well-being (e.g., agency and pathways) among adults with physical disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Female; Hope; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32804533
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000364 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jul 2024This study aimed to examine reciprocal and dynamic associations between Social Isolation (SI), loneliness, and disability among Chinese older adults.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine reciprocal and dynamic associations between Social Isolation (SI), loneliness, and disability among Chinese older adults.
DESIGN
This is a prospective cohort study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
The global trend of population aging has resulted in a significant rise in the prevalence of disabilities, SI, and loneliness among older adults. These factors can severely impact the health and well-being of older adults. Therefore, it is crucial to implement more efficient interventions aimed at reducing disabilities, addressing SI, and combating loneliness among older adults in order to improve their overall health and well-being.
METHODS
Using a large, nationally representative sample spanning 16 years, we employed the general cross-lagged panel model to explore the relationships among 50,348 older adults with a mean age of 81.83 at baseline. Disability was measured by a comprehensive index tool that incorporated multiple dimensions. SI was measured using an SI index, and loneliness was evaluated using a single-item measure.
RESULTS
SI emerged as a stronger predictor of disability than loneliness. Longitudinal analysis revealed accumulative disadvantages in the association between SI and disability. Additionally, disability was found to contribute to increased SI and loneliness. However, our study did not detect any variance in the strength of the cross-lagged effects between social isolation and disability.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The findings suggest that reducing SI is crucial for reducing disability among older adults. Initiating early interventions to minimize initial SI could aid in preventing later-life disability. Additionally, addressing disabilities may positively impact the reduction of loneliness and SI within this population.
Topics: Humans; Loneliness; Social Isolation; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Aged; Disabled Persons; Aged, 80 and over; China; East Asian People
PubMed: 38583487
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.02.013 -
The Journal of Social Psychology Jul 2023Using the stereotype content model and behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes map model, we examined whether stereotype content directed toward specific...
Using the stereotype content model and behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes map model, we examined whether stereotype content directed toward specific disabilities conforms to the high warmth/low competence stereotype associated with "disabled people" or whether individual disabilities, or clusters, would elicit different stereotypes. Participants from the USA rated 12 disabilities on perceived warmth, competence, courage, emotions and behavioral tendencies. All disabilities, except schizophrenia and disability, were rated higher in warmth than competence. Four clusters emerged, varying on relative warmth, competence and courage. Pity was the highest rated emotion, and negative behavioral intentions were generally low. Perceived warmth predicted positive behavioral intentions, but mean ratings suggest actual help might be minimal. Results suggest some uniformity in stereotypes of different disabilities, but some variation in stereotypes indicates the need for targeted interventions to reduce prejudice and discrimination against disabled people.
Topics: Humans; Stereotyping; Prejudice; Emotions; Disabled Persons; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35037596
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2017253 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und... May 2020More and more people with disabilities are reaching an advanced age. At the same time the life expectancy of the population as a whole is increasing, which is... (Review)
Review
More and more people with disabilities are reaching an advanced age. At the same time the life expectancy of the population as a whole is increasing, which is accompanied by an increase in physical, mental and cognitive impairments. This results in specific social inequalities and forms of discrimination, which, however, have so far not played a special role in the intersectionality debates. While the intersections of disability and gender and also of age and gender are being studied, there have been hardly any studies on the intersection of age (and especially higher age) and disability so far. It is also promising in terms of theory formation to combine both categories, which could be helpful for empirical research and the routine practice. In intersectionality research the question is discussed which categories can be regarded as central in order to critically analyze power structures and forms of discrimination. This article discusses to what extent both age and disability should be considered relevant categories in intersectional theory and research. To this end, the role of the body and the concept of normality with respect to both categories and their intersection are discussed.
Topics: Ageism; Aging; Disabled Persons; Discrimination, Psychological; Humans; Prejudice; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 32020286
DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01693-7 -
Clinical Nursing Research Jun 2024Individuals with disabilities are a growing yet understudied population. Nurses are in a prime position to address social determinants of health (SDOH), which is defined...
Individuals with disabilities are a growing yet understudied population. Nurses are in a prime position to address social determinants of health (SDOH), which is defined as the conditions in which people work, live, and learn that affect health. SDOH are largely responsible for the health inequities seen among individuals with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between state-level poverty rates and state-level social determinants, such as housing, education, employment, health, and health care for adults with disabilities using geospatial, state-level data. This secondary data analysis used national data from the 2021 American Community Survey. Data on state poverty rates and rates of particular social determinants were used to examine differences between high- and low-poverty states for adults with disabilities. Rates, rather than numbers of adults with disabilities in poverty, were used to control for state size. The median poverty rate (27.8%) for adults with disabilities was used to create a dichotomous variable for low-poverty ( = 26) and high-poverty ( = 25) states. Independent samples -tests were used to compare geospatial and SDOH data to understand differences between high- and low-poverty states. More adults with disabilities, regardless of race, live in high-poverty states, particularly those with ambulatory and cognitive disabilities. Adults with disabilities residing in low-poverty states have higher employment rates and more private insurance coverage. More adults with disabilities in high-poverty states smoke, live in mobile homes, and are less educated. Using an SDOH lens in caring for individuals with disabilities helps nurses better understand how economic stability, education, health, health care access, the built environment, and the community, rather than individual factors, impact the health of adults with disabilities. To improve the health of disabled persons, nurses must have a greater awareness of the influence that social determinants have on health for individuals with disabilities. Nurse training programs must build disability cultural competence into nursing curricula. Universal screening for SDOH, particularly for individuals with disabilities residing in high-poverty states, is pivotal for the best chance of improving the health and well-being of individuals with disabilities.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Poverty; United States; Social Determinants of Health; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Female
PubMed: 38770759
DOI: 10.1177/10547738241249834