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Microorganisms Feb 2022The year 2021 marked the thirty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of microbial hemoglobins by Dale Webster and his colleagues [...].
The year 2021 marked the thirty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of microbial hemoglobins by Dale Webster and his colleagues [...].
PubMed: 35208833
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020379 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Jun 2021Common impressions cannot accurately duplicate the dental occlusion under occlusal force due to tooth displacement and mandibular deformation. To establish new methods...
Common impressions cannot accurately duplicate the dental occlusion under occlusal force due to tooth displacement and mandibular deformation. To establish new methods to construct virtual intercuspal occlusion and assess their construction accuracy. The intraoral occlusal contacts of posterior teeth of 15 subjects were recorded with 8 μm and 100 μm articulating paper, respectively, and the marked teeth and buccal bite data were scanned with an intraoral scanner. The virtual dental occlusions were separately determined by buccal bite registration (BBR) method, and 3 new methods, namely segmented tooth registration (STR), occlusal contact areas (marked by 8 μm articulating paper) registration (OCR) and mixing registration (MR) methods. With the intraoral contact areas marked by 100 μm articulating paper set as reference and contact areas of the 4 virtual occlusions as tests, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and the ratio of overlapping areas were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test or 1-way ANOVA was used to analyse the difference among groups. The sensitivity ranged from 0.69 to 0.94 and the PPV from 0.67 to 0.90. Sensitivity of OCR group and PPV of STR and OCR groups were different from that of BBR group at overlapping threshold of 50% (P = .028, .028 and .006). There was statistical difference of the ratio of overlapping areas over reference areas, and the values of STR and OCR groups were higher than that of BBR group (P = .045 and .021). The ability of STR and OCR methods to construct virtual intercuspal occlusion was better than BBR method.
Topics: Bite Force; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Jaw Relation Record; Mandible; Tooth
PubMed: 33486815
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13153 -
PloS One 2023Two experiments (N = 112) were conducted to examine preschoolers' concern for the truth when transmitting information. A first experiment (Pilot Experiment) revealed...
Two experiments (N = 112) were conducted to examine preschoolers' concern for the truth when transmitting information. A first experiment (Pilot Experiment) revealed that 4-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, selectively transmitted information marked as true versus information marked as false. The second experiment (Main Experiment) showed that 4-year-olds selectively transmitted true information regardless of whether their audience lacked knowledge (Missing Knowledge Context) or information (Missing Information Context) about the subject matter. Children selected more true information when choosing between true versus false information (Falsity Condition) and when choosing between true information versus information the truth of which was undetermined (Bullshit Condition). The Main Experiment also revealed that 4-year-olds shared information more spontaneously, i.e., before being prompted, when it was knowledge, rather than information, the audience was seeking. The findings add to the field's growing understanding of young children as benevolent sharers of knowledge.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Knowledge; Communication
PubMed: 37104267
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284694 -
Ecological Applications : a Publication... Jun 2022Long-term monitoring is an important component of effective wildlife conservation. However, many methods for estimating density are too costly or difficult to implement...
Long-term monitoring is an important component of effective wildlife conservation. However, many methods for estimating density are too costly or difficult to implement over large spatial and temporal extents. Recently developed spatial mark-resight (SMR) models are increasingly being applied as a cost-effective method to estimate density when data include detections of both marked and unmarked individuals. We developed a generalized SMR model that can accommodate long-term camera data and auxiliary telemetry data for improved spatiotemporal inference in monitoring efforts. The model can be applied in two stages, with detection parameters estimated in the first stage using telemetry data and camera detections of instrumented individuals. Density is estimated in the second stage using camera data, with all individuals treated as unmarked. Serial correlation in detection and density parameters is accounted for using time-series models. The two-stage approach reduces computational demands and facilitates the application to large data sets from long-term monitoring initiatives. We applied the model to 3 years (2015-2017) of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) data collected in three study areas of the Big Cypress Basin, Florida, USA. In total, 59 females marked with ear tags and fitted with GPS-telemetry collars were detected along with unmarked females on 180 remote cameras. Most of the temporal variation in density was driven by seasonal fluctuations, but one study area exhibited a slight population decline during the monitoring period. Modern technologies such as camera traps provide novel possibilities for long-term monitoring, but the resulting massive data sets, which are subject to unique sources of observation error, have posed analytical challenges. The two-stage spatial mark-resight framework provides a solution with lower computational demands than joint SMR models, allowing for easier implementation in practice. In addition, after detection parameters have been estimated, the model may be used to estimate density even if no synchronous auxiliary information on marked individuals is available, which is often the case in long-term monitoring.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Deer; Humans; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Telemetry
PubMed: 35112750
DOI: 10.1002/eap.2553 -
Pediatric Emergency Care Jan 2022The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound (US)-marked versus standard lumbar puncture success in infants.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound (US)-marked versus standard lumbar puncture success in infants.
METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study at an academic pediatric emergency department. Standard lumbar puncture success in a retrospective control was compared with success in a US-marked group. Spinal US was performed with infants in the sitting and lateral decubitus position to identify the interspinous space with the most cerebrospinal fluid. The optimal position was determined, and this space was marked. The proceduralist performed the lumbar puncture at the level of the markings. The primary outcome was a successful lumbar puncture by the first provider, defined as a collection of cerebrospinal fluid with less than 1000 red blood cells/mm3. Secondary outcomes were successful lumbar puncture after attempts by more than 1 provider and collection of any spinal fluid.
RESULTS
Between June 2017 and April 2019, we enrolled 284 infants younger than 12 months, 210 in the retrospective standard group and 74 in the prospective US-marked group. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. The primary outcome showed no difference between US-marked group and control (38% vs 36%; difference: 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), -14.7 to 10.7]). Secondary outcomes showed no significant success differences by more than 1 provider (51% vs 39%; difference: 12.8% [95% CI, -25.7 to 0.3]) or in obtaining any spinal fluid (82% vs 79%; difference: 3.9% [95% CI -13.3 to 7.5]).
CONCLUSIONS
There were no differences in success between US-marked and standard lumbar punctures in infants by different providers.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Puncture; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32576793
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002169 -
Auris, Nasus, Larynx Jun 2023Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is often difficult to pathologically distinguish from other small round cell tumors (SRCTs) arising in the nasal cavities. Although there...
OBJECTIVE
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is often difficult to pathologically distinguish from other small round cell tumors (SRCTs) arising in the nasal cavities. Although there are several diagnostic markers used for differential diagnosis of ONB, these molecules are also expressed in various neuronal derived tumors. Here, we examined the expression of NeuroD, GAP43, and olfactory marker protein (OMP) in ONB and non-ONB SRCT to determine their utility in the differential diagnosis of ONB.
METHODS
Twenty-six patients diagnosed with and treated for ONB at Kobe University Hospital between 1997 and 2017 with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy or surgical resection specimens were included. The expressions of NeuroD, GAP43, and OMP were immunohistochemically examined in these 26 ONB specimens and specimens from 13 SRCTs arising in the nasal cavities for reference.
RESULTS
Among the 26 ONB samples, focal, patchy, and marked staining for NeuroD was observed in 4, 3, and 9 samples, respectively. Focal, patchy, and marked GAP43 staining was observed in 5, 3, and 11 samples, respectively. Consequently, marked positive staining for either NeuroD or GAP43 was observed in 54% (14/26) of ONBs. Among the 13 SRCTs, marked staining for NeuroD was observed in two small cell carcinomas, one undifferentiated carcinoma, and one neuroendocrine carcinoma, whereas marked positive staining for GAP43 was observed only in one undifferentiated carcinoma. No specimen in this study exhibited OMP staining.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest possible roles of GAP43 immunostaining in the differential diagnosis of ONB.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms; Olfactory Marker Protein; GAP-43 Protein
PubMed: 35999123
DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.08.004 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Sep 2022Transposition flaps are useful for reconstruction of many skin defects. Limberg described a rhomboid rotation flap in 1946. Dufourmentel described an improved version of...
Transposition flaps are useful for reconstruction of many skin defects. Limberg described a rhomboid rotation flap in 1946. Dufourmentel described an improved version of the Limberg flap in 1962. The Dufourmentel flap is also a quadrangular rhomboid flap which can be used in any area of the body except for the central face, the fingers, and the volar hand. The design of the Dufourmentel flap creates a wider base for this random flap, thus making it more reliable. Where tissue loss is significant, or where skin and soft tissue elasticity is limited, double opposing Dufourmentel flaps are useful. A variation of the Dufourmentel flap is described where a circular defect is converted to a square. The line of greatest extensibility is marked through the circular defect or lesion. A square is marked around the circle with one corner of the square tilted 10-20 degrees counterclockwise from the line of greatest extensibility. After marking corners A, B, C, and D, lines are marked extending BD and CD. The first incision, DE, will bisect the angle created by extending BD and CD. The second incision, EF, is roughly perpendicular to CD extended, but the angle at E is opened up a bit to create a wider base for the flap. Point D will rotate to point B, E rotates to C, and F translates to D. The invisible line DF should be approximately parallel to the line of greatest extensibility. When the defect is relatively large or where the surrounding tissues have limited elasticity, the above-described ideal variation of the Dufourmentel flap may not be possible because the flap may not rotate and advance all the way around without tension. In this case, double opposing Dufourmentel type flaps have been found to be useful by meeting each other at the halfway point.
PubMed: 36148032
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004183 -
Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie : Casopis... 2021Since the advent of nitric oxide, diethyl ether, chloroform and cyclopropane, the greatest advancement in the area of general inhalational anesthetics has been achieved... (Review)
Review
Since the advent of nitric oxide, diethyl ether, chloroform and cyclopropane, the greatest advancement in the area of general inhalational anesthetics has been achieved by the introduction of fluorinated anesthetics and the relevant chiral techniques. This progress led to marked decrease in mortality rates in anesthesia. In the group of chiral fluorinated compounds, halothane (Fluotan®), isoflurane (Foran®), desflurane (Supran®) and enflurane (Ehran®) are deployed as volatile anesthetics. Chiral anesthetics possess a stereogenic center in their molecules and thus exist as two enantiomers (S)-(+) and (R)-(-). Although these chiral anesthetics are used as racemates, it is crucial to study besides the bioactivities of the racemic compounds also the biological activity and other properties of the particular enantiomers. The present survey discusses the drug category known as inhalational anesthetics in regard to their chiral aspects. These compounds exhibit marked differences between the (R) and (S)-enantiomers in their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The main analytical technique employed in the enantioseparation of these compounds is gas chromatography (GC). This review lists the individual chiral phases (chiral selectors) used in the enantioseparation as well as in pharmacokinetic studies. The possibilities of preparation of these compounds in their enantiomerically pure form by means of stereoselective synthesis are also mentioned.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Enflurane; Halothane; Isoflurane; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 34237948
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Current Ophthalmology Dec 2019To report a case of pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) and a review of the literature.
PURPOSE
To report a case of pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) and a review of the literature.
METHODS
A 32-year-old man was referred to our clinic with bilateral eyelid swelling and blepharoptosis. On examination, marked blepharoptosis was noted, and his eyelids were found to be floppy. Systemic examination was significant for clubbing of digits, coarse acromegalic facial features, and furrowing and oiliness of the skin of scalp and forehead.
RESULTS
The patient was diagnosed as a case of PDP. On the brain MRI, the pituitary gland was enlarged, and the border of clivus was irregular. Pituitary and thyroid hormone levels were normal. He underwent bilateral lateral tarsal strip (LTS) procedure to address the eyelid laxity. Histopathologic examination revealed marked sebaceous gland hyperplasia with mucin deposition in the dermis.
CONCLUSION
Floppy eyelid syndrome, clubbing, and acromegaloid face are main features that could lead to the diagnosis of PDP.
PubMed: 31844800
DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.03.001 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that connects objects to provide seamless communication and contextual information to anyone, anywhere, at any time (AAA)....
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that connects objects to provide seamless communication and contextual information to anyone, anywhere, at any time (AAA). These Internet-of-Things-enabled automated objects interact with visitors to present a variety of information during museum navigation and exploration. In this article, a smart navigation and information system (SNIS) prototype for museum navigation and exploration is developed, which delivers an interactive and more exciting museum exploration experience based on the visitor's personal presence. The objects inside a museum share the information that assist and navigate the visitors about the different sections and objects of the museum. The system was deployed inside Chakdara Museum and experimented with 381 users to achieve the results. For results, different users marked the proposed system in terms of parameters such as interesting, reality, ease of use, satisfaction, usefulness, and user friendly. Of these 381 users, 201 marked the system as most interesting, 138 marked most realistic, 121 marked it as easy-in-use, 219 marked it useful, and 210 marked it as user friendly. These statistics prove the efficiency of SNIS and its usefulness in smart cultural heritage, including smart museums, exhibitions and cultural sites.
Topics: Communication; Information Systems; Internet of Things; Museums; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 35009853
DOI: 10.3390/s22010312