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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Nov 2023Fungicide carbendazim accumulation in soils and plants is a wide concern. Nitrogen (N) is a substantial nutrient limiting crop growth and affecting soil microbial...
Linking Carbendazim Accumulation with Soil and Endophytic Microbial Community Diversities, Compositions, Functions, and Assemblies: Effects of Urea-hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrification Inhibitors.
Fungicide carbendazim accumulation in soils and plants is a wide concern. Nitrogen (N) is a substantial nutrient limiting crop growth and affecting soil microbial activity and the community in degrading fungicides. We investigated the effects of urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) and nitrification inhibitors Dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on carbendazim accumulation and soil and endophytic microbial communities. The UHP application had negligible influences on soil and plant carbendazim accumulation, but the combined UHP and DCD decreased soil carbendazim accumulation by 5.31% and the combined UHP and DMPP decreased plant carbendazim accumulation by 44.36%. The combined UHP and nitrification inhibitor significantly decreased the ratios of soil and endophytic . Soil microbial community assembly was governed by the stochastic process, while the stochastic and deterministic processes governed the endophyte. Our findings could provide considerable methods to reduce fungicide accumulation in soil-plant systems with agricultural N management strategies.
Topics: Soil; Nitrification; Hydrogen Peroxide; Carbamide Peroxide; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Microbiota; Soil Microbiology; Fertilizers; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37934059
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04777 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2022Carbendazim and epoxiconazole are widely applied to control anthracnose and sand bark fungal diseases in citrus. The residues of these two fungicides in citrus and their...
BACKGROUND
Carbendazim and epoxiconazole are widely applied to control anthracnose and sand bark fungal diseases in citrus. The residues of these two fungicides in citrus and their potential risk to consumers have generated much public concern. We therefore sought to investigate the dissipation, residue, and dietary risk assessment of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus.
RESULTS
The dissipation kinetics and residue levels of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus under field conditions were measured using dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The citrus samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by primary secondary amine sorbent. The mean recoveries of carbendazim and epoxiconazole ranged from 86.2 to 105.6% and relative standard deviations were ≤9.8%. The half-lives of carbendazim and epoxiconazole in whole citrus ranged from 2.0 to 18.0 days. Hazard quotient (HQ) and risk quotient (RQ) models were applied to whole citrus for dietary exposure risk assessment based on the terminal residue test. Hazard quotients ranged from 0.066 to 0.134% and RQs from 18.48 to 82.12%.
CONCLUSION
Carbendazim and epoxiconazole in citrus degraded rapidly following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of exposure to both carbendazim and epoxiconazole through citrus, based on HQ and RQ, was acceptable for human consumption. This study indicates scientifically validated maximum residue limits in citrus, which are currently lacking for epoxiconazole in China. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; China; Citrus; Epoxy Compounds; Humans; Pesticide Residues; Risk Assessment; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triazoles
PubMed: 34375005
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11474 -
Open Life Sciences 2021In recent years, the pathogen that causes leaf blast on repeatedly infected the plants in a large area of Luchun County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The...
In recent years, the pathogen that causes leaf blast on repeatedly infected the plants in a large area of Luchun County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The disease is caused by the pathogen . The effects of light, temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on the growth of the pathogen were determined, and its sensitivity to six fungicides was determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were as follows: temperature: 20-25°C; carbon source: maltose, nitrogen source beef extract, media corn flour, and potato dextrose agar. The mycelia could grow under four types of light conditions: 24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, and 16 h light/8 h dark. In addition, Propiconazole was the most effective inhibitor, with an EC value of 0.030 μg/mL, and prochloraz was the second most effective, with an EC value of 0.076 μg/mL. It is suggested that the two fungicides should be alternated when used in production. Carbendazim and chlorothalonil were ineffective in inhibiting the fungus, with EC values of 6.137 and 3.765 μg/mL, respectively.
PubMed: 34553075
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0095 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022sp. CTN-16 (GenBank FJ598326) can degrade chlorothalonil (CTN) but not carbendazim (MBC), and sp. MBC-3 (GenBank OK667229) can degrade MBC but not CTN. A functional...
sp. CTN-16 (GenBank FJ598326) can degrade chlorothalonil (CTN) but not carbendazim (MBC), and sp. MBC-3 (GenBank OK667229) can degrade MBC but not CTN. A functional strain BD2 was obtained by protoplast fusion of CTN-16 and MBC-3 to generate a fusant with improved degradation efficiency of CTN and MBC. Fusant-BD2 with eighth transfer on a medium containing CTN and two antibiotics was obtained. To identify and confirm the genetic relationship between parental strains and fusion strain BD2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences analysis were carried out. SEM analysis illustrated BD2 and its parents had some slight differences in the cell morphology. Fusant-BD2 not only possessed the same bands as parental strains but also had its specific bands analyzed through RAPD. The genetic similarity indices for BD2 and its parental strains CTN-16 and MBC-3 are 0.571 and 0.428, respectively. The degradation rates of CTN and MBC were 79.8% and 65.2% in the inorganic salt solution containing 50 mg·L CTN and 50 mg·L MBC, respectively, and the degradation efficiencies were better than the parental strains CTN-16 and MBC-3. This study provides a prospect for the application of fusion strain BD2 in bioremediation of CTN and MBC contaminated sites.
PubMed: 35359711
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842736 -
Environmental Science & Technology Dec 2023Organic pollutant exposure may alter sex steroid hormone levels in both animals and humans, but studies on mixture effects have been lacking and mainly limited to...
Organic pollutant exposure may alter sex steroid hormone levels in both animals and humans, but studies on mixture effects have been lacking and mainly limited to persistent organic pollutants, with few hormones being investigated. Moreover, measurements from a single blood or urine sample may not be able to reflect long-term status. Using hair analysis, here, we evaluated the relationship between multiclass organic pollutants and sex steroid hormones in 196 healthy Chinese women aged 25-45 years. Associations with nine sex steroid hormones, including progesterone, androstenedione (AD), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), and 17β-estradiol (E2), and eight related hormone ratios were explored on 54 pollutants from polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), pesticide, and bisphenol families using stability-based Lasso regression analysis. Our results showed that each hormone was associated with a mixture of at least 10 examined pollutants. In particular, hair E2 concentration was associated with 19 pollutants, including γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, propoxur, permethrin, fipronil, mecoprop, prochloraz, and carbendazim. There were also associations between pollutants and hormone ratios, with pentachlorophenol, dimethylthiophosphate, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and flusilazole being related to both E1/AD and E2/T ratios. Our results suggest that exposure to background levels of pesticides PCB180 and bisphenol S may affect sex steroid hormone homeostasis among women of reproductive age.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Female; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Testosterone; Pesticides
PubMed: 37934613
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06095 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the...
Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the combined toxicological effects of pollutants. To examine the combined toxicity to aquatic organisms, the effects of cadmium (Cd) and five pesticides (acetamiprid, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, and bifenthrin) mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were assessed. The data from the 96-h toxicity test indicated that bifenthrin possessed the highest toxicity to D. rerio with the LC value of 0.15 mg L, followed by chlorpyrifos (0.36 mg L) and azoxystrobin (0.63 mg L). Cd (6.84 mg L) and carbendazim (8.53 mg L) induced the intermediate toxic responses, while acetamiprid (58.39 mg L) presented the lowest toxicity to the organisms. Pesticide mixtures containing chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin or acetamiprid and carbendazim showed synergistic impacts on the zebrafish. Besides, two binary combinations of Cd-acetamiprid and Cd-chlorpyrifos also displayed a synergistic effect on D. rerio. Our results offered a better idea of the mixed ecological risk assessment of Cd and different agricultural chemicals to aquatic organisms. Our findings better interpreted how the interaction between Cd and various agrochemicals changed their toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and provided valuable insights into critical impacts on the ecological hazard of their combinations.
Topics: Agrochemicals; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Cadmium; Carbamates; Chlorpyrifos; Environmental Pollutants; Larva; Pesticides; Pyrethrins; Pyrimidines; Strobilurins; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36163367
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20364-8 -
Microbiological Research Aug 2022Microbes are crucial in removing various xenobiotics, including pesticides, from the environment, specifically by mineralizing these hazardous pollutants. However, the...
Microbes are crucial in removing various xenobiotics, including pesticides, from the environment, specifically by mineralizing these hazardous pollutants. However, the specific procedure of microbe-mediated pesticide degradation and its consequence on the environment remain elusive owing to limitations in culturing techniques. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated i) the physicochemical and elemental compositions of PCAS (pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils) and NS (natural soils); ii) the bacterial communities and degradation pathways, as well as some novel biodegradation genes (BDGs) and pesticide degradation genes (PDGs) across two different landscapes (PCAS and NS) by applying high-throughput sequencing. The chemical and elemental composition analyses showed that all nutrients (P, K, N, S, Mn, B, and Zn) were significantly higher in PCAS than in NS (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis of pesticide-contaminated (PCAS-1, PCAS-2, PCAS-3, PCAS-4) samples showed that the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (30-36%) > Actinobacteria (15-20%) > Firmicutes (13-14%) > Bacteroidetes (7-13%), were higher compared to the natural soil (NS-1, NS2). Consistent with this, a phylogenetic shift was observed with (alpha, beta, and gamma Proteobacteria) being abundant in PCAS, whereas delta and epsilon groups were more prevalent in NS. The functional characterization of the PCAS and NS by PICRUSt2 revealed that bacterial communities play a significant role in pesticide metabolism. Predictive metagenome analysis of contaminated soils showed the role of core degrading genes in membrane transport, stress response, regulatory genes, resource transport, and environmental sensing. Furthermore, 14 BDGs and 30 PDGs were examined, with a relative abundance of 0.081-1.029 % and 0.107-0.8903 % in each PCAS, respectively. The major BDGs and PDGs, with the compounds they hydrolyze, include ppo (polyphenol oxidase and laccase), CYP (cytochrome p450 protein), lip gene (lignin peroxidase), similarly, among the PDGs mhel (carbendazim), opd (organophosphate), mpd (methyl parathion), atzA, atzB, atzD, atzF and trzN (atrazine), chd (chlorothalonil), hdx (metamitron), hdl-1 (isoproturon) and fmo (nicosulfuron). Overall, our findings demonstrated the significance of utilizing metagenomic methods to predict microbial aided degradation in the ecology of contaminated environments.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Metagenome; Pesticides; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 35660194
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127081 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part B,... Sep 2023In this study 3307 samples of 24 vegetables and fruits from 18 regions of Henan Province, China, were collected in 2021 with the aim of assessing the levels of pesticide...
In this study 3307 samples of 24 vegetables and fruits from 18 regions of Henan Province, China, were collected in 2021 with the aim of assessing the levels of pesticide residues and analysing the differences between different sources in Henan Province. Thirteen kinds of pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detection rates were compared by the chi-square test. In all samples, except ginger, pimento, edible fungi and yam, pesticide residues were detected. The detection rates of difenoconazole, acetamiprid, carbendazim, procymidone, emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and dimethomorph in supermarkets and traditional farmers' markets were different. The difenoconazole group and the dimethomorph group were both statistically different ( < 0.05). This study showed common vegetables and fruits to contain pesticide residues in Henan Province and provided a scientific basis for their evaluation. Different sources take different regulatory measures to control pesticide residues to ensure food safety.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Vegetables; Fruit; Food Contamination; Pesticides; China
PubMed: 37287103
DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2214797 -
Plant Disease Jan 2022causes white rot, which is among the most devastating diseases affecting apple crops globally. In this study, we assessed resistance to carbendazim by collecting...
causes white rot, which is among the most devastating diseases affecting apple crops globally. In this study, we assessed resistance to carbendazim by collecting samples from warts on the infected branches of apple trees or from fruits exhibiting evidence of white rot. All samples were collected from different orchards in nine provinces of China in 2018 and 2019. In total, 440 isolates were evaluated, of which 19 isolates from three provinces were found to exhibit carbendazim resistance. We additionally explored the fitness and resistance stability of these isolates, revealing that they were no less fit than carbendazim-sensitive isolates in terms of pathogenicity, sporulation, and mycelial growth and that the observed carbendazim resistance was stable. Sequencing of the β- gene in carbendazim-resistant isolates showed the presence of a substitution at codon 198 (GAG to GCG) that results in an alanine substitution in place of glutamic acid (E198A) in all 19 resistant isolates. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was then developed to rapidly and specifically identify this E198A mutation. This LAMP method offers value as a tool for rapidly detecting carbendazim-resistant isolates bearing this E198A mutation and can thus be used for the widespread monitoring of apple crops to detect and control the development of such resistance.
Topics: Ascomycota; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Malus
PubMed: 34227835
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1204-RE -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Dec 2022Carbendazim (CBZ) is a steady benzimidazole fungicide broadly exploited in cultivation for pre- and post-harvest treatment to dominate microorganisms infection on...
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a steady benzimidazole fungicide broadly exploited in cultivation for pre- and post-harvest treatment to dominate microorganisms infection on several plants. CBZ causes toxic effects in the different tissues of rat via influencing biochemical and hematological factors causing histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney of rats. Banana peel (BP) makes up about 38% of the whole banana weight, BP is usually disposed of as waste that is considered as an environmental problem. BP comprise bioactive a lot of compounds that can be exploited for their unique biological and pharmacological attributes. The current study was carried out to determine the protective effect of dried banana peels consumption against carbendazim toxicity in rats. The results indicated that banana peels had the ability to counteract the toxic effect of carbendazim on rats which was evident by the improvement in liver and kidney functions, lipid profile and histopathological examination.
PubMed: 36388846
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00773