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CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jul 2022The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of... (Review)
Review
The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full-blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging-particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes-promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near-term challenges and opportunities in oncology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Oncology; Molecular Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34902160
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21713 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2021
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Optical Imaging; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34362672
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.06.009 -
Nature Methods Sep 2019The applications of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) grow with each year. However, different FRET techniques are not applied consistently, nor are results... (Review)
Review
The applications of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) grow with each year. However, different FRET techniques are not applied consistently, nor are results uniformly presented, which makes implementing and reproducing FRET experiments challenging. We discuss important considerations for designing and evaluating ensemble FRET experiments. Alongside a primer on FRET basics, we provide guidelines for making experimental design choices such as the donor-acceptor pair, instrumentation and labeling chemistries; selecting control experiments to unambiguously demonstrate FRET and validate that the experiments provide meaningful data about the biomolecular process in question; analyzing raw data and assessing the results; and reporting data and experimental details in a manner that easily allows for reproducibility. Some considerations are also given for FRET assays and FRET imaging, especially with fluorescent proteins. Our goal is to motivate and empower all biologists to consider FRET for the powerful research tool it can be.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Luminescent Proteins; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 31471616
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0530-8 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2021
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 33494586
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03329-X -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San... Sep 2019Molecular imaging using MRI is gaining momentum. While sensitivity of MR is limited compared to other molecular imaging modalities, the molecular specificity is high in... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging using MRI is gaining momentum. While sensitivity of MR is limited compared to other molecular imaging modalities, the molecular specificity is high in comparison. Moreover, MRI offers contrast based on multitude of processes and scales, from intramolecular relaxation pathways to water diffusion. Living tissue offers abundance of potential molecular targets of interest in biology and medicine. In this short perspective we focus on some direct and indirect methods to visualize endogenous molecules. We briefly discuss Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI), Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) and Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC). Imaging molecules with MRI is part of the larger universe of imaging methods. Moreover, it is part of ever increasing pool of data combining imaging with other modalities, biology and patient outcomes.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 31337563
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.022 -
PET Clinics Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36858750
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.12.001 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Dec 2023The study objective was to determine the clinical utility of pafolacianine, a folate receptor-targeted fluorescent agent, in revealing by intraoperative molecular... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The study objective was to determine the clinical utility of pafolacianine, a folate receptor-targeted fluorescent agent, in revealing by intraoperative molecular imaging folate receptor α positive cancers in the lung and narrow surgical margins that may otherwise be undetected with conventional visualization.
METHODS
In this Phase 3, 12-center trial, 112 patients with suspected or biopsy-confirmed cancer in the lung scheduled for sublobar pulmonary resection were administered intravenous pafolacianine within 24 hours before surgery. Participants were randomly assigned to surgery with or without intraoperative molecular imaging (10:1 ratio). The primary end point was the proportion of participants with a clinically significant event, reflecting a meaningful change in the surgical operation.
RESULTS
No drug-related serious adverse events occurred. One or more clinically significant event occurred in 53% of evaluated participants compared with a prespecified limit of 10% (P < .0001). In 38 participants, at least 1 event was a margin 10 mm or less from the resected primary nodule (38%, 95% confidence interval, 28.5-48.3), 32 being confirmed by histopathology. In 19 subjects (19%, 95% confidence interval, 11.8-28.1), intraoperative molecular imaging located the primary nodule that the surgeon could not locate with white light and palpation. Intraoperative molecular imaging revealed 10 occult synchronous malignant lesions in 8 subjects (8%, 95% confidence interval, 3.5-15.2) undetected using white light. Most (73%) intraoperative molecular imaging-discovered synchronous malignant lesions were outside the planned resection field. A change in the overall scope of surgical procedure occurred for 29 of the subjects (22 increase, 7 decrease).
CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative molecular imaging with pafolacianine improves surgical outcomes by identifying occult tumors and close surgical margins.
Topics: Humans; Margins of Excision; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 37019717
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.02.025 -
Nature Communications Mar 2022Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems,...
Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems, however effective imaging modalities and a robust catalytic reaction system are lacking. Here we utilize three-dimensional (3D) multispectral photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging to monitor in vivo cascade catalytic therapy based on a dual enzyme-driven cyclic reaction platform. The system consists of a two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanozyme conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx). The combination of nanozyme and GOx can induce the PA signal variation of endogenous molecules. Combined with the PA response of the nanozyme, we can simultaneously map the 3D PA signals of dynamic endogenous and exogenous molecules associated with the catalytic process, thus providing a real-time non-invasive visualization. We can also treat tumors under the navigation of the PA imaging. Therefore, our study demonstrates the imaging-guided potential of 3D multispectral PA imaging in feedback-looped cascade catalytic therapy.
Topics: Catalysis; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Photoacoustic Techniques
PubMed: 35277519
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29082-1 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 36357149
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.001 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2022
Topics: Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 35696741
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102168