-
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2022This study investigated indigenous functional microbial communities associated with the degradation of chloroacetamide herbicides acetochlor (ACE), S-metolachlor (S-MET)...
This study investigated indigenous functional microbial communities associated with the degradation of chloroacetamide herbicides acetochlor (ACE), S-metolachlor (S-MET) and their enantiomers in repeatedly treated soils. The results showed that biodegradation was the main process for the degradation of ACE, S-MET and their enantiomers. Eight dominant bacterial genera associated with the degradation were found: Amycolatopsis, Saccharomonospora, Mycoplasma, Myroides, Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Afipia, and Kribbella. The S-enantiomers of ACE and S-MET were preferentially degraded, which mainly relied on Amycolatopsis, Saccharomonospora and Kribbella for the ACE S-enantiomer and Amycolatopsis and Saccharomonospora for the S-MET S-enantiomer. Importantly, the relative abundances of Amycolatopsis and Saccharomonospora increased by 146.3%-4467.2% in the S-enantiomer treatments of ACE and S-MET compared with the control, which were significantly higher than that in the corresponding R-enantiomer treatments (25.3%-4168.2%). Both metagenomic and qPCR analyses demonstrated that four genes, ppah, alkb, benA, and p450, were the dominant biodegradation genes (BDGs) potentially involved in the preferential degradation of the S-enantiomers of ACE and S-MET. Furthermore, network analysis suggested that Amycolatopsis, Saccharomonospora, Mycoplasma, Myroides, and Mycobacterium were the potential hosts of these four BDGs. Our findings indicated that Amycolatopsis and Saccharomonospora might play pivotal roles in the preferential degradation of the S-enantiomers of ACE and S-MET.
Topics: Acetamides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Herbicides; Microbiota; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 34517298
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127135 -
Access Microbiology 2023Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have...
INTRODUCTION
Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have highlighted its intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, making it a particularly challenging infectious agent to combat.
METHODS
spp. isolated and reported in clinically significant urine samples were considered for the study. Identification of the organism was done via the VITEK 2C system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using both manual and automated methods following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Existing literature was searched on MEDLINE using PubMed.
RESULTS
We present a series of five catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to , with sensitivity to only minocycline. This is the first case from Western India, and the third case in the existing literature that shows sensitivity only to minocycline. Our literature review is the first to systematically describe contributory factors to infection, allowing us to devise a clinically relevant tool that delineates contributory factors and efficacious drugs in spp infection.
CONCLUSION
spp infections, previously considered rare and opportunistic, need cognizance and diagnostic suspicion especially in particular associated conditions.
PubMed: 37323940
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000549.v2 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2021A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, pale yellow-pigmented, non-motile and gentamycin-resistant bacterial strain designated CJ210 was isolated from the Han...
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, pale yellow-pigmented, non-motile and gentamycin-resistant bacterial strain designated CJ210 was isolated from the Han River, Republic of Korea. Strain CJ210 grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl on tryptic soy agar. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain CJ210 belonged to the genus within the family and was most closely related to KACC 14347 (98.1 % similarity), followed by KCTC 23367 (95.3 % similarity). The average nucleotide identity values between strain CJ210 and two closely related type strains KACC 14347 and KCTC 23367 were 83.7 and 73.8 %, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization results between strain CJ210 and the related type strains were 27.5 and 20.2 %, respectively. Strain CJ210 contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the predominant menaquinone. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids of strain CJ210 were iso-C, iso-C 3-OH and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C 9 and/or C 10-methyl). Whole genome sequencing revealed that strain CJ210 had a genome of 3.8 Mbp with 36.5 % DNA G+C content. The genome contained several antimicrobial resistance genes including an aminoglycoside-resistant gene. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ210 represents a novel species in the genus , for which name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ210 (=KACC 19954=JCM 33306).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Rivers; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 33464202
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004623 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence...
Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence through drinking water or food exposure; however, information on their combined exposure effects is limited. Here, we conducted an in-depth study of the effects on the gut microbiota, metabolomics, and signaling pathways using rat models exposed to arsenic or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), one of the most active carcinogenic NOCs, separately or in combination with metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Compared to exposure alone, combined exposure to arsenic and MNNG exacerbated damage to gastric tissue morphology, interfered with intestinal microflora and substance metabolism, and exerted a stronger carcinogenic effect. This may be related to intestinal microbiota disorders, including Dyella, Oscillibacter, Myroides, and metabolic pathways such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby enhancing the cancer-causing effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), P53, and Wnt signaling pathways.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Stomach Neoplasms; Arsenic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolome
PubMed: 37418937
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115195 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022In this study, it was aimed to investigate the combined synergistic efficacy of colistin (CT), meropenem (MEM), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotics on planktonic and...
PURPOSE
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the combined synergistic efficacy of colistin (CT), meropenem (MEM), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotics on planktonic and biofilm forms in Myroidesodoratimimus strains isolated from various clinical specimens.
METHODS
Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CIP, MEM, and CT were studied using the standardized broth microdilution method. In vitro synergistic activity of antibiotics against M. odoratimimus planktonic bacteria strains was studied by the Micro Broth Checkerboard method. The microtiter plate (MtP) method was used to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics on M. odoratimimus biofilm formation.
RESULTS
A zone of inhibition was not observed against other antibiotics used except amikacin and linezolid in all strains. While CT/MEM and CT/CIP combinations have a synergistic effect on all strains, the combination CIP/MEM has an additive effect. According to the biofilm inhibition results, all three antibiotics inhibited biofilm formation. However, the efficacy of MEM (60.3-76.5%) and CIP (60.2-77.8%) was approximately two times higher than that of CT (25.4-34.5%). In addition, the effectiveness of combinations of antibiotics on biofilm formation was examined and the percentage of inhibition was 30.8% when CT was used alone, while the biofilm inhibition rates of CT/MEM and CT/CIP were 92.4% and 91.7%, respectively. MEM/CIP combination was inhibited biofilm formation by 75.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
This study is the first report showing the efficacy of CT, MEM and CIP antibiotics, which are frequently used in clinical practice, in combination on M. odoratimimus planktonic and biofilm forms. The findings of our study are particularly guiding for combined antibiotic treatment options in immunosuppressed patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). The CT/MEM combination is currently used frequently. In addition, these results are important in terms of supporting in vitro that CT/CIP and MEM/CIP combinations can also be used as a treatment option in M. odoratimimus related infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ciprofloxacin; Colistin; Flavobacteriaceae; Humans; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 35491280
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.04.004 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2020A bacterial strain, BIT-d1, was isolated from the gut of plastic-eating larvae of the coleopteran insect . Its taxonomic position was analysed using a polyphasic...
A bacterial strain, BIT-d1, was isolated from the gut of plastic-eating larvae of the coleopteran insect . Its taxonomic position was analysed using a polyphasic approach. Cells were white-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, long rods without flagella. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1401 bp) of strain BIT-d1 showed highest similarity (98.0%) to SM1 and 96.6~92.6 % similarity to the other species of the genus . The results of phylogenetic analyses, based on the 16S rRNA gene, concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes (, , , , and ) and genome sequences, placed strain BIT-d1 in a separate lineage among the genus , family . The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the major fatty acids were C iso, C iso 3-OH and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C 9 and/or C 10-methyl), which were similar to other members in the genus DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity calculations plus physiological and biochemical tests exhibited the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain BIT-d1 from the other members of the genus . Therefore, strain BIT-d1 is considered to represent a novel species within the genus , for which the name sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is BIT-d1 (=CGMCC 1.17043=KCTC 72447).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Coleoptera; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genes, Bacterial; Larva; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Plastics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 32894215
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004429 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34...
In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34 isolated from sewage discharged from an animal farm. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that WUS-1 shares the highest amino acid similarities with the function-characterized MBLs MUS-1 (AAN63647.1; 70.73%) and TUS-1 (AAN63648.1; 70.32%). The recombinant carrying exhibited increased MICs levels against a number of β-lactam antimicrobials such as carbenicillin, ampicillin and imipenem, and β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid and tazobactam). The metallo-β-lactamase WUS-1 could also hydrolyze these antimicrobials and the hydrolytic activities could be inhibited by EDTA. Genetic context analysis of revealed that no mobile genetic element was found in its surrounding region. The plasmid pMA84474 of P34 harbored 6 resistance genes ( , , , , and ) within an approximately 17 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region. These genes, however, were all related to mobile genetic elements.
PubMed: 36532482
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059997 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2021Phosphate-solubilizing (PS) and phosphate-mineralizing (PM) bacteria are considered vital for augmenting the plant growth through phosphorus mobilization and plant...
Phosphate-solubilizing (PS) and phosphate-mineralizing (PM) bacteria are considered vital for augmenting the plant growth through phosphorus mobilization and plant growth-promoting attributes. In the present study, a rhizospheric bacterium was isolated from the virgin land of Punjab, India and identified as 'Myroides gitamensis' BSH-3 through 16S rRNA sequencing. 'M. gitamensis' showed potential halo zone on Pikovskaya agar. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that plant growth-promoting potential of 'M. gitamensis' has not been studied earlier. It was able to solubilize 17.53-106.66 µg/mL of tricalcium phosphate and demonstrated a promising potential of mineralizing sodium phytate corresponding to 44.6-94.70 µg/mL at 28 °C. Variable PS and PM activity was observed at temperature range of 15-42 °C with the maximum activity observed at 28 °C after 96 h of incubation. The nitrogen fixation ability, hydrogen sulfide production, cellulose hydrolysis test and chitin degradation was found to be negative. High indole acetic acid (42.82 µg/mL), gibberellic acid (72.93 µg/mL), ammonia (22.58 µg/mL) production, phytase activity (0.49 pi/mL/min) and comparable amount of siderophore (28.55%) and acid phosphate activity (0.606 µM p-nitrophenol/ml/min) was shown by 'M. gitamensis'. Inoculation of wheat with 'M. gitamensis' in pot experiment showed increased shoot and root length by 30.58% and 38.32%. Fresh weight and dry weight was increased by 45.74% and 67.81%, respectively, compared to uninoculated control. These results demonstrate that 'M. gitamensis' has promising PS, PM and plant growth-promoting attributes to be used as a bio-inoculant to enhance plant growth and soil fertility.
Topics: Ammonia; Calcium Phosphates; Flavobacteriaceae; India; Indoleacetic Acids; Nitrogen Fixation; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Plant Development; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil Microbiology; Triticum
PubMed: 33683396
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02231-8 -
IDCases 2019spp., formerly ., are gram-negative, non-motile, traditionally opportunistic pathogens that are infrequent clinical isolates. spp. have been pathogenically implicated...
spp., formerly ., are gram-negative, non-motile, traditionally opportunistic pathogens that are infrequent clinical isolates. spp. have been pathogenically implicated in only 52 reported cases since the discovery of the genus in the 1920s. We present a case of spp. lower extremity cellulitis and bacteremia. To our knowledge, this is the 16th case of cutaneous infection caused by spp. Etiology of this patient's infection was felt to be related to exposure of his pre-existing lower extremity wounds to soil and water versus a dog lick in the context of relative immunosuppression from type 2 diabetes and chronic inhaled steroid use. Given the characteristic multi-drug resistance of spp., resistance to usual empiric antimicrobials given for cellulitis, and potential for fatal infection in cases of pan-resistance, it is important that clinicians remain alert to the possibility of this rare pathogen.
PubMed: 31538047
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00638 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Mar 2023The present study was aimed to obtain a close insight into the distribution and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs)...
The present study was aimed to obtain a close insight into the distribution and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) among the aquatic products collected in Zhejiang, China. A total of 136 presumptive ARB picked up from six aquatic samples were classified into 22 genera and 49 species based on the 16S rDNA sequencing. spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp. accounted for 80% of the ARB. Among them, 109 isolates (80.15%) exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. Most isolates showed resistance to not only the originally selected drug but also to one to three other tested drugs. The diversity of ARB distributed in different aquatic products was significant. Furthermore, the resistance data obtained from genotypic tests were not entirely consistent with the results of the phenotypic evaluation. The genes S, A, R, and A were frequently detected in their corresponding phenotypic resistant isolates. In contrast, the genes 2, (6')-Ib, and were less frequently found in the corresponding phenotypically resistant strains. The high diversity and detection rate of ARB and ARGs in aquaculture might be a significant threat to the food chains closely related to human health.
Topics: Humans; Genes, Bacterial; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36929890
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-010