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Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2022Zoning is typically adopted by food manufacturers and classified into three different zones including Zone 1 (food contact surface), Zone 2 (proximity to food and food...
Zoning is typically adopted by food manufacturers and classified into three different zones including Zone 1 (food contact surface), Zone 2 (proximity to food and food contact surfaces) and Zone 3 (remote surfaces from processing). In this study, environmental surfaces belonging to these three zones were sampled during food processing in a fresh-cut vegetables (FVs) processing facility located in Beijing, China. Bacterial loads in terms of aerobic plate count and coliform count were evaluated by culture-dependent techniques. The profile and diversity of bacterial community in these three zones were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Zone 1 showed similar microbiota and predominated by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, while the predominant genera on Zone 2 or 3 were quite varied among different processing steps. The SourceTracker analysis showed that most of the bacteria (above 80%) on surfaces were from unknown sources, while sorting and disinfection & cleaning steps contributed equally to the bacterial community of cutting areas. Microbial association network analysis revealed strong positive interactions of Comamonas and Janthinobacterium with Myroides and Serratia, respectively, whereas Pseudomonas showed no significant correlation with other genera. The function of microbial communities was predicted based on BugBase 16S rRNA database, and the results indicated that the proportions of potential biofilm-forming bacteria were above 70% in all samples, and species of Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Chryseobacterium and Janthinobacterium were opportunistic pathogens or spoilage bacteria. This study evaluated the bacteria risks including bacterial load, composition, as well as potential bacterial interaction, function and microbial transfer on food processing surfaces, which will facilitate our better understanding on the cross-contaminations and preventions of harmful microorganism in FVs processing industry.
Topics: Bacteria; Food Microbiology; Microbiota; Pseudomonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vegetables
PubMed: 35400453
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111075 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as...
The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as immune response, metabolism, reproductive ability, and growth and development, involve the gastrointestinal flora. However, many external factors affect the composition of insects' intestinal microorganisms, such as the type of dietary substrate. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is of great significance in medicine and forensic science. In this study, we investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin on the growth and gut microbiota of . The results demonstrated that the maximum body length of larvae was not affected by ciprofloxacin, while the growth rate of body length quickened as the concentration of the drug increased. The weight of the pupa and adult was reduced significantly due to the effect of ciprofloxacin. After analyzing the gut microbiota composition of in different drug groups, it was indicated that , , , , , and play important roles in the growth of . However, they still need to be further studied. In general, ciprofloxacin can affect the gut microbial community structure, which in turn affects the fitness of the host.
PubMed: 38138011
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122867 -
Insects Feb 2022We sequenced the complete mitogenomes, 18S and 28S rRNA of two new isolates, collected in Eastern Nebraska and Northern Arkansas (US). Based on molecular sequence data...
We sequenced the complete mitogenomes, 18S and 28S rRNA of two new isolates, collected in Eastern Nebraska and Northern Arkansas (US). Based on molecular sequence data comparison and morphological characteristics, the new isolates were identified as a subspecies of Fabricius 1775, for which we propose the subspecies names '' and ''. The new 18S and 28S rRNA sequences were found to be 99% and 98% identical to . There are no other 18S or 28S rRNA sequences in the Genbank database, however, phylogenetic analysis of the Cox1 genes showed Chaudoir, 1843, and Morawitz, 1863, as the closest relatives. This is the first report of a mitogenome for , and only the second mitogenome for that genus. The nucleotide sequence identity between the mitogenomes of the two isolates is 98.8%, while the earlier sequenced Forster 1771 mitogenome is more distantly related, with only 90% (to ssp. ) and 89% (to ssp. ) overall nucleotide sequence identity. These new mitogenomes, and their phylogenetic analysis, firmly establish the position of on the Carabidae family tree and further refine the genus. In addition to the molecular data provided for the species, this approach also allowed us to identify bacterial and viral signatures for , , , and a giant virus, associated with the species. We hereby present a simple and efficient protocol for identification and phylogenetic analysis of , that is applicable to other Coleoptera, based on total DNA extraction and Illumina short-read Next-Gen sequencing.
PubMed: 35206763
DOI: 10.3390/insects13020190 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2019To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection.
AIM
To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The clinical samples (n = 101) were analysed bacteriologically. The isolates were identified by their phenotypes and MALDI TOF-MS analysis as Myroides species. The phylogram constructed based on nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed identity (~99%) with the M. odoratimimus isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for antibiotics revealed M. odoratimimus to be resistant against carbapenem, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The presence of PCV2 in affected tissue samples was confirmed by amplification of the 565 bp region of ORF2 of the PCV2 genome. The topology of the phylogenetic tree grouped the PCV2 with cluster-2d.
CONCLUSIONS
PCV2 being immunosuppressive in nature might have impaired the immunity thereby increasing the susceptibility of immunocompromised piglets to opportunistic pathogens such as M. odoratimimus leading to disease severity and high mortality. The M. odoratimimus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and hence could act as hidden source of public health hazard.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Myroides odoratimimus is a rarely reported human pathogen. We reported the incidence of infection due to seemingly rare isolates of M. odoratimimus causing an outbreak of pneumonia in piglets. This appears, to the best of authors' knowledge, to be the first outbreak due to Myroides recorded in animal clinical cases described in the literature.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Circovirus; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Immunocompromised Host; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 31517421
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14448 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2020Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a...
Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Myroides odoratimimus, in a Turkish hospital. As of March 2019 until May 2019, 6 strains of M. odoratimimus were isolated from the urine samples of patients, all of whom were hospitalized in intensive care units. After identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA-based sequencing methods were performed for confirmation and species-level identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed in order to investigate the clonal relatedness of the isolates. All the patients were immunocompromised and underwent urinary catheterization. None of the patients had urinary neoplasm, surgery, or calculi. VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS systems revealed that the isolates belonged to the Myroides genus; however, the aforementioned systems neglected to identify the isolates at the species level. The isolates were all successfully identified as M. odoratimimus through 16S rRNA-based sequencing. The isolates were resistant to every antibiotic tested. All isolates had an indistinguishable PFGE pattern, thus indicating cross-transmission between cases. Although M. odoratimimus is rarely isolated from human specimens, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTIs and infectious outbreaks.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Turkey; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33208588
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.536 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2020Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of...
PURPOSE
Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features and molecular characteristics of collected from a general hospital in Shanghai, China.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From July 2015 to August 2016, a total of 22 isolates of were collected from inpatients respectively from the biliary and pancreatic surgery (6/22) and the urology department (16/22). Clonal relatedness among the isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was screened using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, protein structure prediction was analyzed using PSIPRED and RaptorX.
RESULTS
PFGE differentiated these isolates into six possibly related clones from two different departments obtained during a distinct period, indicating clonal dissemination in the two departments. We compared the dendrograms of isolates obtained by MALDI-TOF MS with those obtained by PFGE and found that the coincidence rate between them was only 68.2%. All the isolates were highly resistant to most available antibiotics, including carbapenems. Furthermore, chromosome-encoded β-lactamases MUS-1 was confirmed by PCR in 6 of 22 isolates. Herein, we also reported a novel variant of in the remaining 16 isolates, which encodes MUS-3 protein at position 60 (Valine to Alanine), differing from the structure of MUS-1.
CONCLUSION
The opportunistic and extensively antibiotic-resistant has a small range of epidemics in these two different departments. Clinicians should be aware that may induce a severe nosocomial outbreak of catheter-related infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 32612373
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S251626 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Oct 2021As a common natural phenomenon, corpse decomposition may lead to serious environmental pollution such as nitrogen pollution. However, less is known about antibiotic...
As a common natural phenomenon, corpse decomposition may lead to serious environmental pollution such as nitrogen pollution. However, less is known about antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), an emerging contaminant, during corpse degradation. Here, ARGs and microbiome in three soil types (black, red and yellow soil) have been investigated between experimental and control groups based on next-generation sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. We found that the absolute abundance of total ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the experimental groups were respectively enriched 536.96 and 240.60 times in different soil types, and the number of ARGs in experimental groups was 7-25 more than that in control groups. For experimental groups, the distribution of ARGs was distinct in different soil types, but sulfonamide resistance genes were always enriched. Corpse decomposition was a primary determinant for ARGs profiles. Microbiome, NH concentrates and pH also significantly affected ARGs profiles. Nevertheless, soil types had few effects on ARGs. For soil microbiome, some genera were elevated in experimental groups such as the Ignatzschineria and Myroides. The alpha diversity is decreased in experimental groups and microbial community structures are different between treatments. Additionally, the Escherichia and Neisseria were potential pathogens elevated in experimental groups. Network analysis indicated that most of ARGs like sulfonamide and multidrug resistance genes presented strong positively correlations with NH concentrates and pH, and some genera like Ignatzschineria and Dysgonomonas were positively correlated with several ARGs such as aminoglycoside and sulfonamide resistance genes. Our study reveals a law of ARGs' enrichment markedly during corpse decomposing in different soil types, and these ARGs contaminant maintaining in environment may pose a potential threat to environmental safety and human health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cadaver; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34438490
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117560 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Mar 2024Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to...
Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to repopulate areas of French Polynesia, where the snails were extinct or critically endangered. In total, 129 separate tank populations of 12 different species were screened at ZSL London Zoo. Wet mounts and smears stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) of 535 fecal samples were examined, and 45% contained flagellated protozoa, and 35.5% had MZN-positive oocysts, measuring 3-5 µm in diameter. Smaller (2 µm) presumptive spores, MZN-positive bacilli, ciliated protozoa and nematodes were recorded less frequently. Fecal bacterial culture yielded mixed species, with a clear predominance of species (88.9% of samples). The MZN-positive oocysts (3-5 µm) were present in 6.5% of impression smears from the apices of 432 snails examined postmortem, plus acid-fast bacilli in a few cases, but no 2 µm spores. Mixed bacteria were cultured from coelomic swabs, with species again the most common (63.5%). Histologic examination was carried out on 292 snails. Autolysis affected almost 90% of those found dead but only 3.4% of euthanized snails. Histology commonly identified microsporidial sporocysts in the digestive gland and midgut epithelium of all but two species. Intracellular, extracytoplasmic -like organisms were also common in the midgut but were only observed when snails were fixed in 10% formalin (2017-2019), not ethanol. There were no clear pathologic changes associated with either organism. Pigmented hemocytic nodules were commonly observed, most frequently in the foot process; these were either age related or evidence of prior chronic inflammatory reaction and of low clinical significance. With no evidence of poor health and no significant organisms found, a total of 4,978 individuals representing 12 species were exported for reintroduction.
Topics: Animals; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Bacteria; Feces; Microsporidia
PubMed: 38453485
DOI: 10.1638/2023-0077 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2020Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. There were only a few outbreaks due to Myroides spp. described in the literature to date. We report a...
Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. There were only a few outbreaks due to Myroides spp. described in the literature to date. We report a healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by Myroides odoratimimus in a Turkish hospital. From March to May 2019, six strains of M. odoratimimus were isolated from the urine samples of patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICUs). After identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing with VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA based sequencing methods were performed for confirmation and species level identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate clonal relatedness of the isolates. All the patients were immunocompromised and underwent urinary catheterization. None of them had urinary neoplasm, surgery or calculi. VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS systems revealed that the isolates belong to the Myroides genus but lacked to identify the isolates at the species level. 16S rRNA based sequencing successfully identified all the isolates as M. odoratimimus. The isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested. All isolates had indistinguishable PFGE pattern indicating cross-transmission between cases. Although M. odoratimimus is rarely isolated from human specimens, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTIs and outbreaks.
PubMed: 32475882
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJJID.2019.536 -
Chemosphere Apr 2020Climatic factors particularly increased atmospheric temperature (IAT) greatly alters plant microbe and heavy metal interactions and subsequently reduces plant growth and...
Climatic factors particularly increased atmospheric temperature (IAT) greatly alters plant microbe and heavy metal interactions and subsequently reduces plant growth and phytoremediation efficiency. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of inoculation of chromium reducing-thermotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (CRT-PGPB) on plant growth, physiological responses and chromium (Cr) uptake by Sorghum bicolor under IAT condition. Three potential CRT-PGPB strains were isolated from Cr contaminated sites and identified as Bacillus cereus TCR17, Providencia rettgeri TCR21 and Myroides odoratimimus TCR22 through molecular characterization. These strains displayed the potential to reduce Cr to Cr, produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid and solubilize phosphate. Inoculation of S. bicolor with CRT-PGPB increased plant growth, antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) and decreased proline and malondialdehyde contents in plants under Cr, IAT and Cr + IAT stress indicate that PGPB helped plants to reduce stress induced oxidative damage. Irrespective of IAT stress, inoculation of CRT-PGPB decreased the accumulation of Cr in plants compared with un-inoculated control suggest that CRT-PGPB might have the potential to improve phytostabilization process in Cr contaminated soils. Furthermore, gene expression studies confirmed that inoculation of TCR21 down-regulated the expression of proline synthesis gene (p5cs1) and up-regulated the expression of antioxidant related genes (sod, apx1 and cat) and stress tolerance genes (sHsp). Our results showed that CRT-PGPB exhibiting potential to tolerate Cr, temperature, produce plant beneficial metabolites and reduce Cr to Cr, can be exploited as potential inoculants for improving plant growth and phytoremediation process in Cr contaminated soil under IAT condition.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromium; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Heat-Shock Response; Indoleacetic Acids; Metals, Heavy; Plant Development; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Sorghum; Thermotolerance
PubMed: 31812764
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125521