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Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2023A 28-year-old male presented with a large conjunctival lobulated, nonpulsatile, red vascular lesion involving a large part of the temporal quadrant of the left globe....
A 28-year-old male presented with a large conjunctival lobulated, nonpulsatile, red vascular lesion involving a large part of the temporal quadrant of the left globe. There was no proptosis or globe displacement, but the left eye abduction was limited. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and orbit revealed an extensive contrast-enhancing lobulated lesion in the left half of the face involving the upper lip, cheek, oral cavity, extraconal space of left orbit, and nasal cavity. He underwent surgical excision of the conjunctival lesion with amniotic membrane reconstruction.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Orbit; Exophthalmos; Conjunctiva; Cheek
PubMed: 37077090
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_490_21 -
Frontiers of Medicine Oct 2019Orbital venous malformation (OVM) is a congenital vascular disease. As a common type of vascular malformation in the orbit, OVM may result in vision deterioration and... (Review)
Review
Orbital venous malformation (OVM) is a congenital vascular disease. As a common type of vascular malformation in the orbit, OVM may result in vision deterioration and cosmetic defect. Classification of orbital vascular malformations, especially OVMs, is carried out on the basis of different categories, such as angiogenesis, hemodynamics, and locations. Management of OVM is complicated and challenging. Treatment approaches include sclerotherapy, laser therapy, embolization, surgical resection, and radiotherapy. A satisfactory outcome can be achieved only by selecting the appropriate treatment according to lesion characteristics and following the sequential multi-method treatment strategy. This article summarizes the current classification and treatment advances in OVM.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Embolization, Therapeutic; Humans; Laser Therapy; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Orbit; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Phlebography; Sclerotherapy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Veins
PubMed: 30097960
DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0623-2 -
Pediatric Radiology May 2024Orbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular lesions, extraocular soft-tissue pathologies (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), and bony and traumatic lesions. In...
Orbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular lesions, extraocular soft-tissue pathologies (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), and bony and traumatic lesions. In this paper, we discuss the key imaging features and differential diagnoses of bony and traumatic lesions of the pediatric orbit and globe, emphasizing the role of CT and MRI as the primary imaging modalities. In addition, we highlight the adjunctive role of ocular sonography in the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies and discuss the primary role of sonography in the diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Injuries; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orbit; Orbital Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 38411665
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05882-z -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...To explore the anatomy, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and classification, current evidence on intervention and the surgical management of orbital roof fractures and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To explore the anatomy, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and classification, current evidence on intervention and the surgical management of orbital roof fractures and defects (ORFD) for oculoplastic surgeons presented with such cases.
METHODS
A review of the current literature through the MEDLINE database using the following search terms: "orbital roof fracture (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof defect (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof erosion (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof repair," "orbital roof," "orbital fracture," "pediatric orbital roof (defect/fracture/erosion)," "orbital anatomy," and "orbital roof anatomy" was conducted. As relatively little has been published on this topic, inclusion criteria were broad and peer-reviewed articles judged to be of clinical importance, relevant to the aims of this review, were included. Non-English abstracts were also included if relevant. Year of publication was not a strict exclusion criterion, and older articles were judged for their suitability based on clinical importance and relevance to current practice. Additional references were obtained from citations in key articles and recommendations from the coauthors based on their areas of expertise.
RESULTS
The etiopathogenesis of ORFD varies. Classification systems have been formulated to guide management decisions and can range from conservative management to complex neurosurgery. Eyelid approaches have also been described. This review provides a summary of the evidence for each and a management framework oculoplastic surgeons can use when presented with ORFD.
CONCLUSION
Oculoplastic surgeons can be involved, either alone or as part of a multidisciplinary team, in the management of ORFD, and for some, conduct orbital approach reconstructive surgery.
Topics: Child; Humans; Orbit; Orbital Fractures; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 34293784
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002025 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2023The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging... (Review)
Review
The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the diagnosis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: IMs of the orbit are an indispensable accessory in the clinical and laboratory examination of TAO patients. The most frequently used and probably most accessible method is an ultrasound examination of the orbit (US), which, however, has a number of limitations. Other methods are CT and MRI. Based on the published knowledge implemented in our practice and several years of experience with the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients, we would like to point out the benefits of CT and MRI in the given indications: visualisation of the extraocular muscles, assessment of disease activity, diagnosis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy and differential diagnosis of other pathologies in the orbit. Our recommendation for an ideal MRI protocol for disease activity evaluation is also included. Conclusion: IMs play an irreplaceable role not only in the early diagnosis of TAO, but also in the monitoring of the disease and the response to the applied treatment. When choosing a suitable IM for this diagnosis, a number of factors must always be taken into account; not only availability, cost and burden for the patient, but especially the sensitivity and specificity of the given method for the diagnosis of TAO.
Topics: Humans; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Orbit; Oculomotor Muscles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38086700
DOI: 10.31348/2023/10 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...A 3-year-old boy developed proptosis over 3 weeks. CT and MRI disclosed a 3.2 × 1.9 cm soft-tissue mass of the right extraconal and intraconal orbit with sphenoid...
A 3-year-old boy developed proptosis over 3 weeks. CT and MRI disclosed a 3.2 × 1.9 cm soft-tissue mass of the right extraconal and intraconal orbit with sphenoid bone erosion. After debulking through an upper eyelid crease incision, the tumor was diagnosed as a spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. DNA sequencing was negative for an L122R mutation in MyoD1 . Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon variant of this neoplasm, and only 2 patients with orbital tumors have been reported in 2 case series. Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas confined to the orbit are considered to have an excellent prognosis when treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Diagnosis and treatment planning rely on histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child, Preschool; Orbit; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Orbital Neoplasms; Mutation
PubMed: 35829629
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002252 -
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Nov 2021Infranuclear motility disorders are such of the cranial nerves, the extraocular muscles or changes in the orbit but definitely peripheral to the nuclei of the cranial...
Infranuclear motility disorders are such of the cranial nerves, the extraocular muscles or changes in the orbit but definitely peripheral to the nuclei of the cranial nerves. Characteristic are movement deficits, a compensatory head posture and the pattern of incomitancy. The secondary angle of deviation is usually larger than the primary. Combined pareses suggest a lesion in the cavernous sinus, orbital apex or a multilocular event. It is essential to rule out supranuclear disorders, especially if the motility deficit is atypical. For clarification, an individual risk assessment is recommended, paying particular attention to risk factors.
Topics: Cranial Nerves; Humans; Ocular Motility Disorders; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbit
PubMed: 34784641
DOI: 10.1055/a-1615-2267 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryThe aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of perpendicular plate of ethmoid as material for the reconstruction of medial orbital wall. The main outcome...
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of perpendicular plate of ethmoid as material for the reconstruction of medial orbital wall. The main outcome measurement was preoperative and postoperative orbital volume. The authors performed a study including 17 patients who have isolated medial orbital wall fracture (blow-out fracture). All the patients were fixed the defect using autologous perpendicular plate of ethmoid under endonasal approach. The authors compared the preoperative and postoperative orbital volume difference (unaffected orbit, affected orbit) of all the patients, and observed the improvement of diplopia or ocular motility disorders after operation. All 17 medial orbital wall reconstruction surgeries were successful with no severe postoperative ophthalmic complications. Statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative and postoperative orbital tissue volumes for the affected orbit. There was no statistically significant difference found between the tissue volume of the contralateral unaffected orbit and the affected orbit after reconstruction. And postoperative computed tomography showed the implant is in place and there is no medial rectus incarceration. Autologous perpendicular plate of ethmoid proved to be safe and effective in the reconstruction of medial orbital wall under endonasal approach with cost-effectivence, low complication rate, high biocompatibility, and minimally invasion.
Topics: Humans; Orbit; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbital Fractures; Diplopia; Nose; Enophthalmos
PubMed: 37622567
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009619 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Apr 2021In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the orbital and ocular dimensions using computed tomography (CT) scans in healthy adults.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the orbital and ocular dimensions using computed tomography (CT) scans in healthy adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included 302 Turkish adult individuals aged 20-76 years (158 males and 144 females), who underwent paranasal sinus or craniofacial CT due to headache or suspicion of sinusitis, but abnormal orbital or cranial CT findings were not detected. Linear and volumetric measurements of the orbital structures were performed in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes on CT slices. The volume was estimated in cubic centimeters using the equation of the ellipsoid method. A total of 34 parameters were measured from both eyes of each individual using 14 different anatomical landmarks and analyzed by gender and age.
RESULTS
Parameter values of orbital structures in males and females are shown in millimeters or cubic centimeters. In most of the 34 parameters that we evaluated, it was seen that males had statistically significant higher mean values than females (P < 0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements of right and left orbits. The correlation with age was varied according to the 34 parameters. Interestingly enough, there were no statistically significant differences between the two genders for extraocular muscles thickness (except superior muscles group thickness-SMT) and left optic nerve thickness (LOT) (p > 0.05). The mean right superior muscles group thickness was 5.35 ± 0.85 mm in the male subjects and 4.64 ± 1.10 mm in the female subjects (P < 0.001). The mean left superior muscles group thickness (LSMT) was 5.28 ± 0.88 mm in the male subjects and 4.67 ± 1.16 mm in the female subjects (P < 0.001). The mean LOT was 6.15 ± 0.97 and 5.88 ± 1.07 mm in males and females, respectively (P = 0.099).
CONCLUSION
This study can be applied to the standardization of orbital morphometry in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbit; Retrospective Studies; Skull; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 33851679
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_77_20 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive... 2020To compare bony orbital volumes in young skulls with those of older skulls to elucidate aging-associated changes of the orbit.
PURPOSE
To compare bony orbital volumes in young skulls with those of older skulls to elucidate aging-associated changes of the orbit.
METHODS
One hundred Caucasian male skulls from the Hamann-Todd collection of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were studied. There were 50 young skulls (age range, 19-33 years) and 50 senescent skulls (age range, 79-96 years). Volcanic sand was used to fill each orbit in an identical fashion and weighed as a proxy for volume. Digital calipers were used to perform linear measurements of the orbit. The relationship between orbit measures and skull size was assessed using Pearson's correlations and 95% CI, and statistical models to compare age groups adjusted for skull size.
RESULTS
The volume of the orbits (P < 0.001), the horizontal diameter of the orbit (P = 0.015), and the orbital depth (P < 0.001) were significantly larger in the senescent group of skulls after adjusting for skull surface area. No significant differences were found in the vertical diameters of the orbit between the 2 groups. Skull size did not statistically differ between the age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Increases in the depth and horizontal dimensions of the orbit lead to increasing bony orbital volume with increasing age. These changes in size and shape of the orbit with age may contribute to phenotypic changes of aging and may affect disease processes and management.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Humans; Male; Orbit; Skull; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 31633575
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001492