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Periodontology 2000 Feb 2024The recognition and importance of immune cells during bone regeneration, including around bone biomaterials, has led to the development of an entire field termed... (Review)
Review
The recognition and importance of immune cells during bone regeneration, including around bone biomaterials, has led to the development of an entire field termed "osteoimmunology," which focuses on the connection and interplay between the skeletal system and immune cells. Most studies have focused on the "osteogenic" capacity of various types of bone biomaterials, and much less focus has been placed on immune cells despite being the first cell type in contact with implantable devices. Thus, the amount of literature generated to date on this topic makes it challenging to extract needed information. This review article serves as a guide highlighting advancements made in the field of osteoimmunology emphasizing the role of the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of biomaterials and their impact on osteoinduction. First, the various immune cell types involved in bone biomaterial integration are discussed, including the prominent role of osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) during bone regeneration. Thereafter, key biomaterial properties, including topography, wettability, surface charge, and adsorption of cytokines, growth factors, ions, and other bioactive molecules, are discussed in terms of their impact on immune responses. These findings highlight and recognize the importance of the immune system and osteoimmunology, leading to a shift in the traditional models used to understand and evaluate biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Osteogenesis; Macrophages; Bone and Bones; Cytokines; Osseointegration; Bone Substitutes; Animals
PubMed: 37658591
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12519 -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... 2022Dental implant failure cannot always be explained by clinical risk factors. Recent literature suggests that immune cells are pivotal players in the integration of... (Review)
Review
Dental implant failure cannot always be explained by clinical risk factors. Recent literature suggests that immune cells are pivotal players in the integration of biomaterials and have a co-relationship within a set of osteal macrophages known as "OsteoMacs." These cells have been known to polarize quickly between a M1 pro-inflammatory and a M2 wound healing state during implant osseointegration. OsteoMacs play a critical immune surveillance role in the osseointegration of dental implant healing and bone homeostasis. This review is intended to provide an overview of the current understanding of OsteoMacs and their role in early implant failure and osseointegration.
Topics: Osseointegration; Dental Implants; Macrophages; Biocompatible Materials; Wound Healing; Dental Implantation, Endosseous
PubMed: 36516870
DOI: No ID Found -
The International Journal of Oral &... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Foreign Bodies; Osseointegration
PubMed: 37847825
DOI: 10.11607/jomi.10694 -
Injury Nov 2022Since ancient times, reduction and internal fixation has been applied to restore skeletal integrity. Despite advances in the understanding of fracture healing, the risk... (Review)
Review
Since ancient times, reduction and internal fixation has been applied to restore skeletal integrity. Despite advances in the understanding of fracture healing, the risk of complication such as implant loosening or implant-related infection still depicts a challenging complication. Nowadays, a great deal of research is devoted to unreveal the impact of implant surface modifications on osteogenic processes to enhance bone consolidation and osseointegration. This narrative review is aimed to (1) show the evolution and already achieved milestones of implant optimization, and (2) to outline the key factors that contribute to an enhanced osseointegration. Different physical and chemical roughening techniques are currently applied in various studies. Surface patterning on the nanoscale has been found to be an essential factor for the biological response, achievable by e.g. anodisation or laser texturing. Besides surface roughening, also different coating methods are vastly investigated. Next to metal or inorganic compounds as coating material, a variety of biomolecules is currently studied for their osteosupportive capacities. Osseointegration can be improved by surface modification on the micro and nanoscale. Bioactive agents can further improve the osseointegration potential. Used agents at the moment are e.g. inorganic compounds, growth factors (BMPs and non-BMPs) and antiresorptive drugs. The advancement in research on new implant generations therefore aims at actively supporting osseointegration processing.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Humans; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Prostheses and Implants; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35948509
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.057 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2021Implant dentistry has become a popular restorative option in clinical practice. Titanium and titanium alloys (TTA) are the gold standard for endo-osseus dental implants... (Review)
Review
Implant dentistry has become a popular restorative option in clinical practice. Titanium and titanium alloys (TTA) are the gold standard for endo-osseus dental implants production, thanks to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and mechanical properties. The characteristics of the TTA implant surface seem to be particularly relevant in the early phase of osseointegration. Furthermore, the microstructure of implant surface can largely influence the bone remodelling at the level of the bone-implant surface. Recently, research has stated on the long-term of both survival and success rates of osseointegrated implants and mainly on biomechanical aspects, such as load distribution and biochemical and histological processes at the bone-implant interface. This short review reports recent knowledge on chemical and mechanical properties, biological aspects, innovations in preventing peri-implantitis, describing clinical applications and recent improvements of TTA dental implants. In addition, it highlights current knowledge about a new implant coating that has been demonstrated to reduce the number of initially adhering bacteria and peri-implantitis.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Implants; Dentistry; Humans; Osseointegration; Peri-Implantitis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 33463144
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Oct 2020The main component of plasma medicine is the use of low-temperature plasma (LTP) as a powerful tool for biomedical applications. LTP generates high reactivity at low... (Review)
Review
The main component of plasma medicine is the use of low-temperature plasma (LTP) as a powerful tool for biomedical applications. LTP generates high reactivity at low temperatures and can be activated with noble gases with molecular mixtures or compressed air. LTP reactive species are quickly produced, and are a remarkably good source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including singlet oxygen (O), ozone (O), hydroxyl radicals (OH), nitrous oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO). Its low gas temperature and highly reactive non-equilibrium chemistry make it appropriate for the alteration of inorganic surfaces and delicate biological systems. Treatment of oral biofilm-related infections, treatment of wounds and skin diseases, assistance in cancer treatment, treatment of viruses' infections (e.g. herpes simplex), and optimization of implants surfaces are included among the extensive plasma medicine applications. Each of these applications will be discussed in this review article.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cold Temperature; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Plasma Gases; Viral Load; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32857998
DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108560 -
The International Journal of Artificial... Feb 2020Bone tissue has the capability to regenerate itself; however, defects of a critical size prevent the bone from regenerating and require additional support. To aid... (Review)
Review
Bone tissue has the capability to regenerate itself; however, defects of a critical size prevent the bone from regenerating and require additional support. To aid regeneration, bone scaffolds created out of autologous or allograft bone can be used, yet these produce problems such as fast degradation rates, reduced bioactivity, donor site morbidity or the risk of pathogen transmission. The development of bone tissue engineering has been used to create functional alternatives to regenerate bone. This can be achieved by producing bone tissue scaffolds that induce osteoconduction and integration, provide mechanical stability, and either integrate into the bone structure or degrade and are excreted by the body. A range of different biomaterials have been used to this end, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. This review will introduce the requirements of bone tissue engineering, beginning with the regeneration process of bone before exploring the requirements of bone tissue scaffolds. Aspects covered include the manufacturing process as well as the different materials used and the incorporation of bioactive molecules, growth factors and cells.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Humans; Osseointegration; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31544576
DOI: 10.1177/0391398819876286 -
Injury Aug 2023This narrative review aims to investigate the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration, analyzing their potential positive or negative impact on the direct... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review aims to investigate the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration, analyzing their potential positive or negative impact on the direct structural and functional connection between bone and load-carrying implants.
BACKGROUND
The review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of osseointegration, which refers to the successful integration of an implant with living bone, resulting in no progressive relative movement between them. Exploring the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration is crucial for optimizing outcomes and enhancing patient care in orthopedic implant procedures.
METHODS
Relevant studies on the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration were identified through a literature search. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were utilized, employing appropriate keywords and MeSH terms related to osseointegration, implants, and drug interventions. The search was limited to English studies.
DISCUSSION
This overview presents a detailed analysis of the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration. It explores drugs such as bisphosphonates, teriparatide, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, nitrites, and thiazide diuretics as promoters of osseointegration. Conversely, loop diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, cisplatin, methotrexate, antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antiepileptics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and anticoagulants are discussed as inhibitors of the process. The role of vitamin D3 remains uncertain. The complex relationship between drugs and the biology of implant osseointegration is emphasized, underscoring the need for further in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their effects CONCLUSION: This narrative review contributes to the literature by providing an overview of the effects of drugs on implant osseointegration. It highlights the complexity of the subject and emphasizes the necessity for more extensive and sophisticated studies in the future. Based on the synthesis of the reviewed literature, certain drugs, such as bisphosphonates and teriparatide, show potential for promoting implant osseointegration, while others, including loop diuretics and certain antibiotics, may impede the process. However, additional research is required to solidify these conclusions and effectively inform clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Osseointegration; Teriparatide; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Prostheses and Implants; Diphosphonates
PubMed: 37390787
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.110888 -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... 2020Achieving predictable outcomes in implant dentistry requires not only an understanding of surgical and prosthetic protocols but also knowledge of bone biology. Regarding... (Review)
Review
Achieving predictable outcomes in implant dentistry requires not only an understanding of surgical and prosthetic protocols but also knowledge of bone biology. Regarding implant stability, a distinction exists between non-osseointegrated and osseointegrated implants. Primary or mechanical stability at implant placement is different than secondary or biological stability. Bone quality, implant length, and implant width all influence the achievement of primary stability. This article reviews the contemporary literature on dental implant osseointegration, with the intent of presenting clinicians scientific information concerning the biomechanical parameters and limitations of endosseous implants and their components during the osseointegration phase, as well as their behavior once occlusal forces are present following osseointegration.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Osseointegration
PubMed: 32687377
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2019This article summarizes the accomplishments and knowledge gained over the past 2 decades with respect to immediate dental root analogue implants (RAIs). It discusses how... (Review)
Review
This article summarizes the accomplishments and knowledge gained over the past 2 decades with respect to immediate dental root analogue implants (RAIs). It discusses how the artificial nature of the present dental implant materials and unnatural shapes cause complications, posing a threat to long-term biointegration, and how RAIs will influence the way that implants are produced. Will an osseointegrated RAI be the optimal immediate replacement for extracted teeth in the future? How will three-dimensional printing be involved in these more biomimetic RAI systems? The present research and developments seem promising and will continue to shape the future of implant prosthodontics.
Topics: Biomimetics; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Osseointegration; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tooth Root
PubMed: 31164269
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.03.010