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Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022Bisphosphonate is currently considered one of the drugs for the first-line treatment of osteoporosis because of its ability to inhibit bone resorption, but the molecular... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Bisphosphonate is currently considered one of the drugs for the first-line treatment of osteoporosis because of its ability to inhibit bone resorption, but the molecular mechanism of its effect on osteocyte proliferation and bone formation of diabetic osteoporosis is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To confirm the potential effect on of bisphosphonate on osteocyte proliferation and bone formation in patients having diabetic osteoporosis (DO).
METHODS
Sixty DO patients admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to April 2021 were randomly selected and divided into the bisphosphonate group and the control group. The total incidence, incidence of hip fracture, efficacy, bone mineral density, osteocalcin, pain score, osteocyte proliferation, bone formation index, serum calcium, and phosphorus contents were compared between two groups.
RESULTS
The curative effect of bisphosphonic acid group was better than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the bone mineral density and osteocalcin in the bisphosphonic acid group were significantly improved after treatment, and the pain score in the bisphosphonic acid group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( < 0.05). After intervention treatment, the OD and PINP values in the bisphosphonate group were significantly different from those in the control group ( < 0.05). After treatment, the contents of serum calcium and phosphorus in the bisphosphonic acid group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). The incidence of hip fracture, spinal fracture, and other fractures in the bisphosphonic acid group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The treatment of DO with bisphosphonate is capability of effectively improving bone cell proliferation and bone formation, further alleviating clinical symptoms and promoting the improvement of the disease.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus; Diphosphonates; Hip Fractures; Humans; Osteocalcin; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Pain; Phosphorus
PubMed: 35844452
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2368564 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Aug 2022To compare concentration and release kinetics of osteocalcin and crestal bone loss under immediate and delayed loading conditions during osseointegration. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To compare concentration and release kinetics of osteocalcin and crestal bone loss under immediate and delayed loading conditions during osseointegration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-one patients who were indicated for rehabilitation with dental implants randomly received either implant with placement of permanent prosthesis after 3 months (delayed loading) or implant with placement of permanent prosthesis within 7 days (immediate loading). Radiographic assessment of crestal bone loss at the mesial and distal surface was done at 3, 6, and 12 months after implant placement. Peri-implant sulcular fluid was collected immediately from the buccal surface at two sites after implant insertion and also, at 7, 15, 30, and 90 days after surgery. The level of osteocalcin was evaluated using ELISA and data were compared using two sample t-test. Differences between two groups were analyzed by unpaired Student's t test. Intragroup comparison was done by repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Mean crestal bone loss was lower in the immediate loading group compared to the delayed loading group at 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.001). Intragroup comparison revealed a statistically significant increase in osteocalcin levels in both group I (delayed loading) (F = 26712.2) and group II (immediate loading) (F = 10497.2) at the predetermined time intervals.
CONCLUSIONS
Less crestal bone loss and early release of osteocalcin was found in the immediately loaded group than in the delayed loaded group. The study substantiates that immediately loaded implants show less crestal bone as well as early release of osteocalcin facilitating upregulation of bone metabolism, improving long term health of bone and prognosis of implants. Immediately loaded implants can be a better treatment protocol provided there is adequate bone and primary stability.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Kinetics; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 35150170
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13495 -
Journal of the American Nutrition... Jul 2022Flaxseed oil (FO) is an alpha linolenic acid source important for growth and body development. However, there is little literature on the role of FO in critical stages...
BACKGROUND
Flaxseed oil (FO) is an alpha linolenic acid source important for growth and body development. However, there is little literature on the role of FO in critical stages of bone development and formation.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the influence of a diet containing FO on rat femurs.
METHODS
After birth, mothers and pups were divided into control and flaxseed groups (n = 6 pups each) fed diets containing 7% soybean oil (C) or 7% FO. At 21 days, pups were weaned and separated from the mothers, and control or experimental diets were continued. At 67 days, the following were analyzed: osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, bone mineral density (BMD) and content, and bone area; the dimension, BMD, head radiodensity, and biomechanical proprieties of the right femur; and histomorphometric parameters of the left femur.
RESULTS
Compared to the C group, the FO group presented ( < 0.05) a lower body mass (-3.7%) and medullary area (-10.1%) and higher osteocalcin (+36.7%), OPG (+52.5%), femur width (+3.8%), absolute mass (+2.3%), femur BMD (+3.6%), head radiodensity (+6.1%), maximum force (+7.4%), breaking strength (+17.3), and cortical thickness (+7.0).
CONCLUSION
The FO diet contributed to femur quality in healthy male Wistar rats.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Femur; Linseed Oil; Male; Osteocalcin; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34370629
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1912673 -
Bone Jun 2021Cystic fibrosis (CF) bone disease (CFBD) has attracted considerable recent interest from researchers, although several aspects of CFBD pathophysiology remain poorly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis (CF) bone disease (CFBD) has attracted considerable recent interest from researchers, although several aspects of CFBD pathophysiology remain poorly understood. The objective of this research was to investigate CFBD in children with CF and its relation to clinical and bone metabolism markers.
METHODS
In a prospective observational study of 68 patients with CF and 63 healthy controls, we studied bone turnover biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD). The biomarkers included osteocalcin, total-alkaline phosphatase, bone-alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal propeptide of type-1-procollagen, osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukine-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), type-1-collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), parathormone (PTH), 25-vitamin D, 1,25-vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus. BMD was examined in lumbar spine, comparing two healthy Spanish populations. Two regression analyses were applied to any significant associations to evaluate predictors of BMD and of CF, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
After adjusting for age, sex, and height Z-score, gains in BMD LS in children and adolescents (6-16 years) with CF were not less than in healthy reference population. Patients with CF showed significant associations with different bone turnover biomarkers. Age, gender, body mass index, PTH, CTX and OPG were significant predictors of BMD (R = 0.866, p < 0,001). Moreover, we found that PTH (OR = 1.070; 95% CI 1.019-1.123), and TNFα (OR = 2.173; 95% CI 1.514-3.118) were significantly linked to CF, and calcium (OR = 0.115; 95% CI 0.025-0.524), 1,25-vitamin D (OR = 0.979; 95% CI 0.962 0.996) and OPG (OR = 0.189; 95% CI 0.073-0.489) were significant reduced.
CONCLUSION
A normal bone mineral density along with altered remodeling was found in CF patients with a normal nutritional status and without acute lung disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Hormone
PubMed: 33737192
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115929 -
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Dec 2021Glucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon...
BACKGROUND
Glucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptors modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and serum osteocalcin. On the other hand, osteocalcin modulates cognitive function and glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether the GLP 1 agonist liraglutide improves cognitive function via modulation of serum osteocalcin and glucose and lipid metabolism.
METHODS
Effects of 4 weeks liraglutide treatment (100 µg/Kg/d and 300 µg/Kg/d) on changes in cognitive function and bone homeostasis, induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), were determined in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Serum and bone biochemical parameters were determined.
RESULTS
Liraglutide dose-dependently improved cognitive function in diabetic rats (reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to diabetic control). Glucose and lipid abnormalities and the associated changes in serum BDNF and oxidative stress makers were improved. Serum BDNF and glutathione were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde level was reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly increased and correlated with improvement in cognitive dysfunction. Serum and bone receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratios were significantly reduced by liraglutide treatment.
CONCLUSION
Improvement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Liraglutide; Osteocalcin; Rats
PubMed: 33683755
DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12664 -
Nature Reviews. Endocrinology Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 34992234
DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00632-9 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Osteoblasts are discovered to secrete hormones with endocrine effects on metabolism, and osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. We...
OBJECTIVE
Osteoblasts are discovered to secrete hormones with endocrine effects on metabolism, and osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. We investigate the relationship between serum OC levels and glycolipid metabolism and muscle function in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
METHODS
A total of 225 children with OI and 80 healthy controls matched in age and gender were included in this single center study. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were measured by automated analyzers. Serum levels of fasting insulin (FINS) were measured using an automated electrochemiluminescence system. Serum levels of OC and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Grip strength and timed-up-and-go (TUG) test were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS
OI patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), FBG, and HOMA-IR, but lower HDL-C levels, lower grip strength and longer TUG than control group (all <0.05). Serum OC, ucOC levels, and ucOC/OC in OI type III patients were significantly lower than those in OI patients with type I and IV. Serum levels of OC, ucOC, and ucOC/OC were negatively correlated to BMI, FBG, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR (all <0.05). The ratio of ucOC/OC was positively correlated to grip strength (r=0.512, =0.036), lean mass percentage (%LM) of the total body and limbs, and negatively correlated to fat mass percentage (%FM) of the total body, %FM and fat mass index (FMI) of the trunk (all <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity, glucolipid metabolic abnormalities, and reduced grip strength were common in children with OI. Circulating osteocalcin and ucOC may play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as the muscle function of children with OI.
Topics: Child; Cholesterol; Glycolipids; Humans; Insulin; Muscles; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis Imperfecta
PubMed: 35983511
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898645 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Oct 2021With the increasing incidence of osteoporosis, vitamin K and calcium have been linked to bone mineral density (BMD) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC) in many... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
With the increasing incidence of osteoporosis, vitamin K and calcium have been linked to bone mineral density (BMD) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC) in many studies, but the results of studies of the combined effect of vitamin K and calcium on BMD and UcOC in humans have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of this combination treatment on BMD and UcOC in humans.
METHODS
A search for articles was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database up to March 2021 (no language restrictions). We also reviewed the reference lists of the relevant publications and reviews to locate additional publications. The standard mean difference (SMD) was used as the primary measure of effect size. Our main endpoints were lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, hip BMD, total femoral BMD, and UcOC from baseline to end point. We performed subgroup analysis, heterogeneity testing, and assessment of publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 1346 patients from 10 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The forest plot analysis revealed that vitamin K combined with calcium was associated with a higher lumbar spine BMD compared to controls. The SMD was 0.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07 to 0.32]. Vitamin K and calcium supplementation led to a significant decrease in UcOC (SMD: - 1.71, 95% CI: - 2.45 to - 0.96). Subgroup analysis showed that vitamin K2 and vitamin K1 had SMDs of 0.30 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.51) and SMDs of 0.14 (95% CI: - 0.02 to 0.29), and calcium dosages of ≤ 1000 mg/d or > 1000 mg/d had SMDs of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.32) and 0.26 (95% CI: - 0.04 to 0.55).
CONCLUSION
The combination of vitamin K and calcium has a positive effect on lumbar BMD and decreases the level of UcOC. Registration: The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021251825).
Topics: Bone Density; Calcium; Humans; Osteocalcin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Vitamin K
PubMed: 34649591
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02728-4 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Mar 2020Obesity and diabetes are important metabolic diseases and a major public health problem among the world, they have serious health and economic complications. Overweight... (Review)
Review
Obesity and diabetes are important metabolic diseases and a major public health problem among the world, they have serious health and economic complications. Overweight and obesity are increased risk for deficiency of vitamin particularly shortage of fat soluble-vitamins. Studies reported that vitamin K supplementation reduces oxidative stress and metabolic risk biomarkers for diabetes, as well as reduces progression of insulin resistance. Vitamin K-dependent-protein osteocalcin (bone derived hormone) plays crucial roles in energy metabolism. There is a clear association between circulating vitamin k and dependent-osteocalcin concentrations with obesity and risk of Type 2 diabetes. Osteocalcin through molecular mechanisms improves insulin resistance, lipid and glucose profile, and mediate vitamin K positive effects. Insulin also signals osteocalcin to regulate bone mineralization. Normal carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins/ hormones is a key step in preventing apoptosis and calcification of vascular endothelial cells. A missing relationship between bone, glucose and fat metabolism could clarify and manage many metabolic mechanisms. This review focuses on the physiological relationship between vitamin K-dependent-osteocalcin, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through some molecular proteins and hormones including adipokines. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of osteocalcin modulated by vitamin K could help in implementing therapeutic drugs to cure metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrine System; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Obesity; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K
PubMed: 31761961
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09517-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and enlargement of the diameter of hepatocytes (ballooning hepatocytes), with... (Review)
Review
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and enlargement of the diameter of hepatocytes (ballooning hepatocytes), with or without fibrosis. It affects 20% of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to liver dysfunction and the numerous metabolic changes that commonly accompany the condition (obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), the secretion of organokines is modified, which may contribute to the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. In this sense, this study aimed to perform a review of the role of organokines in NASH. Thus, by combining descriptors such as NASH, organokines, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, a search was carried out in the EMBASE, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Cochrane databases of articles published in the last ten years. Insulin resistance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, fructose, and intestinal microbiota were factors identified as participating in the genesis and progression of NASH. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion (adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines) directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the condition or compromise homeostasis. Thus, further studies involving skeletal muscle, adipose, bone, and liver tissue as endocrine organs are essential to better understand the modulation of organokines involved in the pathogenesis of NASH to advance in the treatment of this disease.
Topics: Adipokines; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Dyslipidemias; Fructose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Mitochondria; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 35008925
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010498