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Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022In order to evaluate the effects of puerarin combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/puerarin on osteocalcin and sialoprotein of...
In order to evaluate the effects of puerarin combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/puerarin on osteocalcin and sialoprotein of mandibular defects, the obtained rat jaw cells are analyzed. The surface morphology of osteoblast complex in the scaffold material group and puerarin combined scaffold material group is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts are detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Besides, the expression of type-I collagen (COL-I), osteocalcin (OC), and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and related proteins in osteoblasts are detected by immunocytochemical staining. The results of immunocytochemical staining show that puerarin and PLGA/TCP/puerarin scaffold had significant effects on the expression of COL-I and OC mRNA and related proteins in osteoblasts. The experimental results indicate that puerarin and PLGA/TCP/puerarin can synergistically affect the mRNA and protein expressions of COL-I, OC, and OPN in osteoblasts and have a positive effect on promoting the proliferation activity of osteoblasts.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Collagen; Glycols; Isoflavones; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Polyglycolic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Rats
PubMed: 36128172
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5177419 -
BMC Research Notes Nov 2021Bone regeneration is a potential technique for treating osteoporosis. A previous study reported that F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) localized with...
OBJECTIVE
Bone regeneration is a potential technique for treating osteoporosis. A previous study reported that F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) localized with osteocalcin in bovine periosteum after 5 weeks of explant culture. However, the osteoblastic functions of FBXW2 remain unclear. In this study, double-fluorescent immunostaining was used to investigate the potential role of FBXW2 and its relationship with osteocalcin.
RESULTS
At day 0, FBXW2 was expressed in the cambium layer between the bone and periosteum, while osteocalcin was expressed in bone. After explant culture, changes in the periosteum were observed from weeks 1 to 7. At week 1, partial FBXW2 expression was seen with a small amount of osteocalcin. At week 2, a layer of FBXW2 was observed. From weeks 3 to 7, tube-like structures of FBXW and osteocalcin were observed, and periosteum-derived cells were released from the periosteum in areas where no FBXW2 was observed. Bovine periosteum-derived cells can form a three-dimensional cell pellet, because multilayered cell sheets are formed inside of the periosteum in vitro. It is shown that in results FBXW2 is produced in periosteal explants near sites where initial osteogenic activity is observed, suggesting that it may be involved in periosteal osteogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cattle; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Periosteum
PubMed: 34736516
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05825-z -
European Journal of Trauma and... Aug 2022The induced membrane technique (IMT) is a two-stage surgical procedure for reconstruction of bone defects. Bone grafting (second stage of IMT) is recommend after...
PURPOSE
The induced membrane technique (IMT) is a two-stage surgical procedure for reconstruction of bone defects. Bone grafting (second stage of IMT) is recommend after 4-8 weeks assuming the highest bioactivity of IMs. However, larger studies concerning the biology and maturation of IMs and a potential time dependency of the bioactivity are missing. Therefore, aim of this study was the time-dependent structural and cellular characterization of cement spacer IMs concomitantly to an analysis of membrane bioactivity.
METHODS
IMs from 60 patients (35-82 years) were obtained at different maturation stages (1-16 weeks). IMs were studied by histology and co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). IM lysates were analyzed by ELISA and protein microarray.
RESULTS
Increasing vascularization and fibrosis were found in membranes older than 4 and 7 weeks, respectively. MSC grew out from all membranes and all membranes enhanced proliferation of cultured MSC. Osteocalcin and osteopontin (in membrane lysates or induced in MSC by membrane tissue) were found over all time points without significant differences. In contrast to alkaline phosphatase activity, increasing levels of osteoprotegerin were found in membranes.
CONCLUSION
The histological structure of IMs changes during growth and maturation, however, biologically active MSC and factors related to osteogenesis are found over all time points with minor changes. Thus, membranes older than 8 weeks exert regenerative capacities comparable to the younger ones. The postulated narrow time frame of 4-8 weeks until bone grafting can be questioned and surgeons may choose timing for the second operation more independently and based on other clinical factors.
Topics: Coculture Techniques; Humans; Membranes; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 34873632
DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01844-4 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Apr 2024Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous and osteoblast-secreted protein in bone. It consists of two forms such as carboxylated OC (cOC) and... (Review)
Review
Current knowledge of bone-derived factor osteocalcin: its role in the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and inflammatory joint diseases.
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous and osteoblast-secreted protein in bone. It consists of two forms such as carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC). While cOC promotes bone mineralization and increases bone strength, ucOC is regarded an endocrinologically active form that may have several functions in multiple end organs and tissues. Total OC (tOC) includes both of these forms (cOC and ucOC) and is considered a marker of bone turnover in clinical settings. Most of the data on OC is limited to preclinical studies and therefore may not accurately reflect the situation in clinical conditions. For the stated reason, the aim of this review was not only to summarize current knowledge of all forms of OC and characterize its role in diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, inflammatory joint diseases, but also to provide new interpretations of its involvement in the management and treatment of aforementioned diseases. In this context, special emphasis was placed on available clinical trials. Significantly lower levels of tOC and ucOC could be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the contrary, tOC level does not seem to be a good indicator of high bone turnover status in postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The associations between several pharmacological drugs used to treat all disorders mentioned above and OC levels have also been provided. From this perspective, OC may serve as a medium through which certain medications can influence glucose metabolism, body weight, adiponectin secretion, and synovial inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Osteocalcin; Osteopetrosis; Osteoporosis; Joint Diseases; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38363329
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02418-8 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Aug 2020Recent studies have investigated the circulating adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), nesfatin-1, and osteocalcin (OC) concentrations in women diagnosed with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have investigated the circulating adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), nesfatin-1, and osteocalcin (OC) concentrations in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the findings prove to be conflicting. The objective of this research was to systematically assess the relationship of circulating levels of above adipokines with GDM.
METHODS
Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, OVID, and Scopus were performed to locate articles published up to January 31, 2020. Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and 95% predictive intervals (PIs) were calculated by random-effects models to compare levels of adipokines between GDM cases and control groups. Cumulative and single-arm meta-analyses were also performed.
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies comprising 4590 participants were included. No significant differences were found between GDM women and healthy controls in circulating nesfatin-1 levels (4.56 vs. 5.02 ng/mL; SMD = - 0.11, 95% CI -0.61-0.38, 95% PI -1.63-1.41). Nevertheless, circulating FABP4 and OC levels observed in GDM women outnumbered normal controls (FABP4, 23.68 vs. 16.04 ng/mL; SMD = 2.99, 95% CI 2.28-3.69, 95% PI 0.28-5.71; OC, 52.34 vs. 51.04 ng/mL; SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.31-1.05, 95% PI -0.48-1.84). The cumulative meta-analysis showed that the SMDs of circulating FABP4 and OC levels had stabilized between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated circulating FABP4 and OC levels were observed in GDM women, but nesfatin-1 levels did not change, the PI of OC crossed the no-effect threshold. The results suggested that FABP4 is more suitable as a biomarker of GDM compared to OC in a future study, which is useful in identifying pregnant women who are likely to develop GDM and providing prompt management strategies.
Topics: Diabetes, Gestational; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Female; Humans; Nucleobindins; Osteocalcin; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32861247
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01365-w -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Jul 2021We studied immunolocalization of CD29, CD44, osteocalcin, and TGF-β1 in the bone tissue of the mandible of miniature pigs with extra-bone fixation of a free gingival...
We studied immunolocalization of CD29, CD44, osteocalcin, and TGF-β1 in the bone tissue of the mandible of miniature pigs with extra-bone fixation of a free gingival graft. Three months after surgery, neoosteogenesis foci with high expression of the studied markers were found in the contact area of the free gingival graft with the alveolar bone. The markers were localized in the layer of external circumferential lamellae, on the surface of concentric lamellae of the growing osteons, and in the connective tissue of the Haversian canals. TGF-β1-immunopositive cells predominated in the connective tissue of the Haversian and Volkmann canals and in the adventitia and inner lining of the vascular wall. The established morphochemical patterns of osteogenous cells indicate significant reparative capabilities of a free gingival graft and allows considering it as an effective osteoinductive factor.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Grafting; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Nails; Gene Expression; Gingiva; Hyaluronan Receptors; Integrin beta1; Male; Mandible; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Regeneration; Surgical Fixation Devices; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Transplants
PubMed: 34292444
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05237-w -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2021Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Interleukin-6; Osteocalcin; Prognosis; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34356982
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070701 -
Archives of Osteoporosis Feb 2020Bone formation markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin are used in many clinical situations. Therefore, we calculated reference intervals for the two...
UNLABELLED
Bone formation markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin are used in many clinical situations. Therefore, we calculated reference intervals for the two markers and investigated how they are influenced by several factors including sex and age. Furthermore, we established clinically relevant reference intervals for the two markers.
OBJECTIVE
The bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), and osteocalcin (OC), are frequently measured formation markers. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for the two BTMs in a general adult Danish population.
METHODS
Bone ALP and OC were measured on the iSYS (IDS Plc) automatic analyzer in samples from the Danish Health2006 5-year follow-up study on serum from 2308 participants (54% women, age range 24-76). Participants with self-reported diagnosis of osteoporosis or receiving hormonal replacement were excluded from analyses while participants on hormonal contraceptives were included.
RESULTS
The geometric mean and 95%RI for bone ALP were 13.9 μg/L (7.6-25.6) for men and 13.8 μg/L (7.0-27.4) for women, while for OC 16.0 μg/L (7.5-34.4) for men and 18.6 μg/L (8.1-42.9) for women. Levels of bone ALP increased with increasing age (β 1.004, p < 0.001), while female sex had no effect. OC levels decreased with increasing age (β 0.998, p = 0.009) and increased with female sex (β 1.104, p < 0.001). Based on our findings, we propose for bone ALP and OC three clinical RIs for men based on age and three clinical RI for women based on age and menopausal status.
CONCLUSION
The RI for bone ALP and OC varies with age and sex and the BTMs are influenced differently by the two factors. Consequently, the need for establishing valid RIs is of great importance before the full potential of BTM can be used in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32095898
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00715-6 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Dec 2019Bone markers can be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases in children and adolescents. Owing to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone...
PURPOSE
Bone markers can be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases in children and adolescents. Owing to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone turnover, children and adolescents have higher bone marker levels than adults. Thus, a valid age- and sex-specific reference should be established for pediatric populations living in similar environments. We aimed to assess the associations of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and osteocalcin with age and sex in a group of healthy Korean children and adolescents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The participants (290 boys and 290 girls, age range 0-18 years) were Korean outpatients. Serum P1NP and osteocalcin levels were measured in control materials and patient samples by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using an automated Cobas e411 analyzer.
RESULTS
Significant age-dependent variations in bone marker levels were observed in both sexes (<0.001). The highest P1NP levels were observed during the first year of life; thereafter, levels decreased until puberty. There was no postnatal peak for osteocalcin; however, its levels remained higher than the adult reference range throughout childhood. Significant differences were observed between boys and girls (<0.05), especially between the ages of 12 and 17 years. Cobas e411 results for P1NP showed satisfactory precision and linearity.
CONCLUSION
We established reference data for P1NP and osteocalcin levels in healthy Korean children and adolescents, as the first and only study of these parameters in pre-adulthood in Korea. Cobas e411-quantified bone markers may be useful for determining bone metabolism indices.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Osteocalcin; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen; Reference Values; Republic of Korea; Young Adult
PubMed: 31769248
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.12.1174 -
Bone Nov 2019Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant noncollagenous proteins in bone. Phenotypes of osteocalcin knock-out mice (OC-/-) may vary on different backgrounds and with sex....
Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant noncollagenous proteins in bone. Phenotypes of osteocalcin knock-out mice (OC-/-) may vary on different backgrounds and with sex. Previous studies using adult female (OC-/-) mice on a mixed genetic background (129/B6) showed osteocalcin inhibited bone formation leading to weaker bone in wild-type (OC+/+). Yet on a pure (B6) genetic background male mice revealed osteocalcin improved fracture resistance and OC-/- bones were more prone to fracture. Osteocalcin is decreased with age and in some diseases (diabetes) where bone weakness is observed. The effect of osteocalcin in adult female bone from mice on a pure B6 background is unknown. We investigated differences in bone mineral properties and bone strength in female adult (6 months) (OC+/+) and (OC-/-) mice on a pure C57BL/6J background using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI), micro-computed tomography (uCT), biomechanical measurements, histomorphometry and serum turnover markers (P1NP, CTX). Similar to female age matched mice on the (129/C57) background we found B6 OC-/- mice had a higher bone formation rate, no change in bone resorption, more immature mineral, decreased crystallinity and increased trabecular bone as compared to OC+/+. In contrast, the OC-/- mice on a pure B6 background had a lower bone mineral density, lower mineral to matrix ratio resulting in reduced stiffness and weaker bone strength. Our results demonstrate some properties of the OC-/- phenotype are dependent on genetic background. This may suggest that reduced osteocalcin may contribute to fracture and weaker bone in some groups of elderly and adults with diseases where osteocalcin is low.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Calcification, Physiologic; Female; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Osteocalcin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Stress, Mechanical; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 31401301
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.08.004