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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Aug 2021With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are... (Review)
Review
Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology.
With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.
Topics: Animals; Disease Management; Fungi; Humans; Mycology; Mycoses; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 33606997
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30784-2 -
Internal Medicine Journal Nov 2021Invasive fungal disease (IFD) due to moulds other than Aspergillus is a significant cause of mortality in patients with malignancies or post haemopoietic stem cell...
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) due to moulds other than Aspergillus is a significant cause of mortality in patients with malignancies or post haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. The current guidelines focus on the diagnosis and management of the common non-Aspergillus moulds (NAM), such as Mucorales, Scedosporium species (spp.), Lomentospora prolificans and Fusarium spp. Rare but emerging NAM including Paecilomyces variotii, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Scopulariopsis spp. are also reviewed. Culture and histological examination of tissue biopsy specimens remain the mainstay of diagnosis, but molecular methods are increasingly being used. As NAM frequently disseminate, blood cultures and skin examination with biopsy of any suspicious lesions are critically important. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach with surgical debridement as a central component. Other management strategies include control of the underlying disease/predisposing factors, augmentation of the host response and the reduction of immunosuppression. Carefully selected antifungal therapy, guided by susceptibility testing, is critical to cure. We also outline novel antifungal agents still in clinical trial which offer substantial potential for improved outcomes in the future. Paediatric recommendations follow those of adults. Ongoing epidemiological research, improvement in diagnostics and the development of new antifungal agents will continue to improve the poor outcomes that have been traditionally associated with IFD due to NAM.
Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Child; Fungi; Hematology; Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections
PubMed: 34937139
DOI: 10.1111/imj.15592 -
Studies in Mycology Mar 2020The is a relatively large order of with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from...
The is a relatively large order of with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for and . Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the is given. The classification of the at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family is introduced and four known families are accepted: , , and . The includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the (, , , , , , , , , , , , , and ), eight in the (, , , , , , , ), two in the (, ) and one in the (). The classification of the was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family ( and ). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in and . Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in and is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, , the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in and are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 , 354 and 88 species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 (32 % increase), 483 (36 % increase) and 171 (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the (except those belonging to ). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (), calmodulin () and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit () gene sequences.
PubMed: 32855739
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002 -
Archives of Microbiology Feb 2022Soft drinks are food matrices propitious to the growth of acidophilic bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi due to their pH, water activity, and the presence of...
Soft drinks are food matrices propitious to the growth of acidophilic bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi due to their pH, water activity, and the presence of nutrients. Off-flavor, clouding, and package stuffing are the only parameters producers have to detect spoilage when it is often too late for the brand's reputation. In this work, microbiological analyses were performed on non-alcoholic beverages of Brazilian and Bolivian brands. As a result, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast, and filamentous fungi were isolated. Zygosaccharomyces bisporus yeast was isolated from different flavored stuffed products, and Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Brevibacillus agri were isolated from packages without visible signs of deterioration. These microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF. For products with visible growth of filamentous fungi, microscopic identification keys identified Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Paecilomyces niveus, and Paecilomyces variotii. These work's findings reflect a failure to sanitize raw materials since the isolates' primary origin is the soil and the water, pointing to the lack of process control in soft drinks.
Topics: Carbonated Beverages; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Fungi; Yeasts
PubMed: 35217916
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02801-4 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic... (Review)
Review
Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use.
PubMed: 33321854
DOI: 10.3390/plants9121746 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020, a common saprobic filamentous fungus, not only plays an important role in biological control, but also has applications in medicine, food, and environmental... (Review)
Review
, a common saprobic filamentous fungus, not only plays an important role in biological control, but also has applications in medicine, food, and environmental protection. In this paper, 223 secondary metabolites and their bioactivities from 13 known species and various unidentified strains of are reviewed. Their structures can be described as polyketide, terpenoid, peptide, alkaloid, quinone, pyrone, sterol, and fatty acid. They have been demonstrated varying biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, insecticidal, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, nematicidal, herbicidal, and enzyme-inhibiting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of secondary metabolites and their biological activities from strains of .
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Herbicides; Insecticides; Paecilomyces; Secondary Metabolism
PubMed: 33139652
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215077 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2020
Topics: Paecilomyces
PubMed: 32853318
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182020000300263 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryMucocele is a benign, expansile, and oppressive lesion, more common in the frontal and ethmoid sinus and less in the maxillary sinus. Sinus mucocele mainly causes cheek...
Mucocele is a benign, expansile, and oppressive lesion, more common in the frontal and ethmoid sinus and less in the maxillary sinus. Sinus mucocele mainly causes cheek swelling pain and nasal obstruction. In some cases, the paranasal mucocele grows large enough to compress periorbital structures and lead to impaired vision. Generally, mucocele is full of simple mucus, but pathogens can be found if co-infected, which means a poor prognosis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment for this disease. Here, the authors report a case that a mucocele occurred in the maxillary sinus, and a fungal ball was also found during the operation, which is a result of Paecilomyces farinosus co-infection.
Topics: Humans; Mucocele; Maxillary Sinus; Treatment Outcome; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Pain
PubMed: 37594021
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009632 -
Medical Mycology Apr 2020Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium species is an emerging pathogen of fungal keratitis; the risk factor, clinical course, and outcome of Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis... (Review)
Review
Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium species is an emerging pathogen of fungal keratitis; the risk factor, clinical course, and outcome of Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis need more exploration. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with culture-proven Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis in our hospital from 2003 to 2017 and combined them with 50 previous cases reported after the review conducted by Yuan et al. in 2009. Clinical features between the previously and newly reported cases were compared using the publication by Yuan et al. as a cutoff point. The mean age of the 62 newly reported patients with Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis was 52.7 years. Of these, contact lens wear was the most common predisposing factor (n = 32, 52%), followed by a preexisting corneal disease or previous ocular surgery (n = 12, 19%), and trauma (n = 8, 13%). Fifty eyes (81%) were treated with voriconazole, of which 31 (63%) were medically cured. Twenty-one of 62 eyes (34%) required therapeutic surgery. Compared with the 42 patients reported by Yuan et al., the patients were younger (P = .025); a higher proportion of the patients were contact lens wearers (P = .005); more patients were treated with voriconazole (P = .000); fewer patients required therapeutic surgery (P = .000) in recent reports. Contact lens use has become the major risk factor for Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis. The surgical rate has been significantly lower in recent publications, probably because of the prevalent use of voriconazole.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Child; Contact Lenses; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Paecilomyces; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Voriconazole; Young Adult
PubMed: 31204788
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz059 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2022Microbial species are inherently variable, which is reflected in intraspecies genotypic and phenotypic differences. Strain-to-strain variation gives rise to variability...
Microbial species are inherently variable, which is reflected in intraspecies genotypic and phenotypic differences. Strain-to-strain variation gives rise to variability in stress resistance and plays a crucial role in food safety and food quality. Here, strain variability in heat resistance of asexual spores (conidia) of the fungal species Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Paecilomyces variotii was quantified and compared to bacterial variability found in the literature. After heat treatment, a 5.4- to 8.6-fold difference in inactivation rate was found between individual strains within each species, while the strain variability of the three fungal species was not statistically different. We evaluated whether the degree of intraspecies variability is uniform, not only within the fungal kingdom, but also amongst different bacterial species. Comparison with three spore-forming bacteria and two non-spore-forming bacteria revealed that the variability of the different species was indeed in the same order of magnitude, which hints to a microbial signature of variation that exceeds kingdom boundaries.
Topics: Aspergillus niger; Bacteria; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Hot Temperature; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 35651062
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111302