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Medicina Clinica Aug 2019Over the last few decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a new epidemic and become a health issue due to its involvement in several cancers... (Review)
Review
Over the last few decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a new epidemic and become a health issue due to its involvement in several cancers affecting the cervix, the anogenital region and the oropharynx. In this review, we aim to understand and explain the distinctive features of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on its epidemiological data, risk factors, specific topography, HPV subtypes most frequently involved, HPV-status diagnosis, clinical behaviour, prognosis, treatment, and preventive measures. In addition, the relationship of HPV with the development of other head and neck carcinomas and benign lesions of the oral cavity will also be discussed.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Male; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Spain
PubMed: 31109717
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.02.027 -
Journal of Virology Apr 2020Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their... (Review)
Review
Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their widespread sexual transmission and oncogenic potential. Infection-based models of papillomavirus pathogenesis have been complicated by their strict species and tissue specificity. In this Gem, we discuss the discovery of a murine papillomavirus, Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1), and how its experimental use represents a major advancement in models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis/carcinogenesis, and their transmission.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 32051276
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00002-20 -
Oral Oncology Apr 2020
Topics: DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 31899102
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104549 -
Viruses Sep 2022Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and... (Review)
Review
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mice; Animals; Papillomavirus Infections; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Alphapapillomavirus; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 36298698
DOI: 10.3390/v14102138 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Jan 2022
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 34845041
DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003250 -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Dec 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but placental HPV infection has been rarely studied. The objective was to determine the...
OBJECTIVE
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but placental HPV infection has been rarely studied. The objective was to determine the proportion of HPV-positive placentas and the associated risk factors among HPV-positive women during pregnancy.
METHODS
We analysed data from pregnant women enrolled in HERITAGE cohort study between 2010 and 2016 with positive vaginal HPV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy (n=354). Placental swabs and biopsies were collected. HPV genotyping was performed using Linear Array. The predictors of placental HPV detection were identified by generalised estimating equations models.
RESULTS
HPV was detected in 78 placentas (22.0%) (one among 96 caesarean sections and 77 among 258 vaginal deliveries). Overall, 91% of HPV-positive placentas were positive for a genotype that was detected in vaginal samples during pregnancy. Among women who delivered vaginally, abnormal cytology (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.78 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.10)), other genitourinary infection (aOR 2.41 (95% CI 1.31 to 4.44)), presence of multiple HPV genotypes in the first trimester (aOR 2.69 (95% CI 1.76 to 4.12)) and persistence of high-risk HPV infections during pregnancy (HPV-16/18: aOR 3.94 (95% CI 2.06 to 7.55) and other than HPV-16/18: aOR 2.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.02)) were independently associated with placental HPV.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV was frequently detected in the placenta of women who delivered vaginally and may be associated with host immune response characteristics.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Human papillomavirus 16; Cohort Studies; Placenta; Human papillomavirus 18; Papillomaviridae; Risk Factors; Genotype; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 35246478
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055172 -
Journal of Medical Virology Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37842777
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29177 -
Viruses Sep 2021Papillomavirus L1 and L2, the major and minor capsid proteins, play significant roles in viral assembly, entry, and propagation. In the current study, we investigate the...
Papillomavirus L1 and L2, the major and minor capsid proteins, play significant roles in viral assembly, entry, and propagation. In the current study, we investigate the impact of L1 and L2 on viral life cycle and tumor growth with a newly established mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) infection model. MmuPV1 L1 knockout, L2 knockout, and L1 plus L2 knockout mutant genomes (designated as L1ATGko-4m, L2ATGko, and L1-L2ATGko respectively) were generated. The mutants were examined for their ability to generate lesions in athymic nude mice. Viral activities were examined by qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. We demonstrated that viral DNA replication and tumor growth occurred at both cutaneous and mucosal sites infected with each of the mutants. Infections involving L1ATGko-4m, L2ATGko, and L1-L2ATGko mutant genomes generally resulted in smaller tumor sizes compared to infection with the wild type. The L1 protein was absent in L1ATGko-4m and L1-L2ATGko mutant-treated tissues, even though viral transcripts and E4 protein expression were robust. Therefore, L1 is not essential for MmuPV1-induced tumor growth, and this finding parallels our previous observations in the rabbit papillomavirus model. Very few viral particles were detected in L2ATGko mutant-infected tissues. Interestingly, the localization of L1 in lesions induced by L2ATGko was primarily cytoplasmic rather than nuclear. The findings support the hypothesis that the L2 gene influences the expression, location, transport, and assembly of the L1 protein in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Capsid Proteins; Cell Transformation, Viral; DNA, Viral; Female; Genome, Viral; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mucous Membrane; Mutation; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Skin; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34578405
DOI: 10.3390/v13091824 -
Viruses Aug 2021HPV vaccination of both girls and boys can protect against infection and eliminate the risk for HPV-associated cancer. Due to a common misconception that the virus only... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
HPV vaccination of both girls and boys can protect against infection and eliminate the risk for HPV-associated cancer. Due to a common misconception that the virus only poses risks to women, vaccine coverage is suboptimal among men in many countries. It is urgent to identify barriers to vaccination of boys and men.
METHODS
We conducted a narrative review of publications examining attitudes and beliefs regarding HPV vaccination for boys and young men. The electronic databases searched were PubMed, PsychInfo and Scopus (December 2020; last update July 2021). A total of 103 original articles were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS
The central barriers against vaccination of boys and men are: (1) lack of knowledge, (2) vaccine hesitancy in general, (3) lack of recommendation from and/or discussions with healthcare providers, (4) cost and logistics, and (5) the idea that HPV vaccination may promote promiscuity. Men who have sex with men and families belonging to ethnic minorities express a need for information tailored to their situation.
CONCLUSIONS
Boys should be included in national immunization programs and men should also be offered catch-up vaccinations. Future studies should focus on addressing vaccine hesitancy and developing interventions to promote pan-gender HPV vaccination.
Topics: Culture; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 34452508
DOI: 10.3390/v13081644 -
Viruses Dec 2022Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), particularly HPV16 and 18, has long been known to induce cervical cancer progression. However,...
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), particularly HPV16 and 18, has long been known to induce cervical cancer progression. However, given that a minority of HPV-infected women develop cancer, analysis of HR-HPV-infected women could help to predict who is at risk of acquiring cervical cancer. Therefore, to improve HR-HPVs detection, we used the FDA-approved cobas 4800 HPV and REBA HPV-ID HPV assays to detect HR-HPVs in colposcopy-derived cervical cells from 303 patients, detecting 72.28% (219) and 71.62% (217) of HR-HPVs positive cases, with HPV16 detection rates of 35.64% (108) and 30.69% (93), respectively. Of the HPV16-positive cases, cobas 4800 and REBA HPV-ID identified 28.81% (51) and 25.42% (45) of the CIN1 cases, and 55% (33) and 50% (30) of the 60 CIN2/3 cases, respectively. HPV-diagnostic concordance was 82.17% overall (kappa = 0.488), 87.45% for HR-HPVs (kappa = 0.689), and 88.33% for CIN2/3 (kappa = 0.51). The HR-HPVs detection rates of these assays were comparable. Our findings reveal that the FDA-approved HR-HPVs detection assay is appropriate for screening women with HR-HPVs infection, and for predicting increased risk of cervical cancer progression. REBA HPV-ID can be used to detect low risk-HPV types in high-grade cervical lesions that are HR-HPV negative as well as in the distribution of HPV types.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Cervix Uteri; Human papillomavirus 16; Early Detection of Cancer; Papillomaviridae; Genotype
PubMed: 36560717
DOI: 10.3390/v14122713