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Scientific Reports Sep 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative cancers are associated with symptomatic detection, late-stage diagnosis, and worse prognosis. It is thus essential to investigate all...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative cancers are associated with symptomatic detection, late-stage diagnosis, and worse prognosis. It is thus essential to investigate all possible infectious agents and biomarkers that could early identify these HPV negative cancers. We aimed to analyze and compare the metatranscriptome present in HPV positive and HPV negative cervical cancers. We analyzed the whole RNA sequencing files from 223 HPV negative cervical cancers (negativity established after confirming cervical cancer diagnosis, sample adequacy and subjecting specimens to PCR and unbiased RNA sequencing), 223 HPV positive tumors and 11 blank paraffin block pools (used as controls) using Kraken2 software. Overall, 84 bacterial genera were detected, with 6/84 genera showing a positive median number of reads/sample and being present in both cervical tumor groups (HPV positive and negative). Viral reads belonged to 63 different viral genera, with 6/63 genera showing a positive median annotated read/sample value. No significant difference among genera was detected except for the presence of alpha-papillomaviruses. Metatranscriptome of bacteria and viruses present in HPV positive and HPV negative cervical cancers show no significant difference, except for HPV. Further studies are needed to early identify this biologically distinct group of cervical cancers.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 36064569
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19008-8 -
Tumour Virus Research Jun 2023This article reviews human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers and their management. It examines pre-cancer classification systems, the natural... (Review)
Review
This article reviews human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers and their management. It examines pre-cancer classification systems, the natural history of HPV-associated pre-cancers, the various types of management and treatment for HPV pre-cancers, the various mucosal site-specific considerations, and then some of the unresolved issues. Different conclusions are reached for each of the relevant mucosal sites, which are cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis and oro-pharynx, and indeed there are differing volumes of evidence relating to each of these sites, and thus differing degrees of certainty/uncertainty in the recommendations.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomaviridae; Neoplasms; Cervix Uteri
PubMed: 36682539
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200250 -
ELife May 2022Human papillomaviruses are DNA viruses that ubiquitously infect humans and have been associated with hyperproliferative lesions. The recently discovered mouse specific...
Human papillomaviruses are DNA viruses that ubiquitously infect humans and have been associated with hyperproliferative lesions. The recently discovered mouse specific papillomavirus (MmuPV1) provides the opportunity to study papillomavirus infections in vivo in the context of a common laboratory mouse model (). To date, a major challenge in the field has been the lack of tools to identify, observe, and characterize individually the papillomavirus hosting cells and also trace the progeny of these cells over time. Here, we present the successful generation of an in vivo lineage-tracing model of MmuPV1-harboring cells and their progeny by means of genetic reporter activation. Following the validation of the system both in vitro and in vivo, we used it to provide a proof-of-concept of its utility. Using flow-cytometry analysis, we observed increased proliferation dynamics and decreased MHC-I cell surface expression in MmuPV1-treated tissues which could have implications in tissue regenerative capacity and ability to clear the virus. This model is a novel tool to study the biology of the MmuPV1 host-pathogen interactions.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 35533001
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.72638 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Aug 2019Canine papillomatosis is mainly attributed to papillomavirus infections. Papillomavirus DNA is also frequently identified in healthy skin, and evidence of high...
Canine papillomatosis is mainly attributed to papillomavirus infections. Papillomavirus DNA is also frequently identified in healthy skin, and evidence of high papillomavirus diversity complicates this simplistic view of causality. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently canine papillomas contain papillomavirus DNA and express viral protein, and how these factors correlate to the histology and anatomic location. Fifty-three archived, formalin-fixed samples of canine papillomas and eight samples of other proliferative skin lesions from dogs were included. Samples were re-evaluated histologically, tested for papillomavirus L1-antigen using immunohistochemistry, and for papillomavirus DNA with PCR assays and molecular sequencing. Most papillomas from haired skin contained papillomavirus DNA (96%) and antigen (92%). Of oral papillomas, 88% were positive for both papillomavirus DNA and antigen. Approximately 50% of non-papilloma proliferations and papillomas from eyelid/conjunctiva specimens contained viral DNA, but antigen was present in only 12% of eyelid/conjunctiva papillomas and in none of the non-papilloma proliferations. The presence of viral antigen was highly correlated with histological indicators of viral infection, including intranuclear inclusions, koilocytes, cytoplasmatic vacuolation and dysplasia. The viruses found were mainly CPV1 and CPV2. CPV1 dominated in oral infections, while CPV2 dominated in cutaneous endophytic papillomas. Co-infections with CPV1 and CPV2 accounted for about 20% of all detected infections. These results support a role for papillomaviruses in canine cutaneous and oral, exophytic and endophytic papillomas and support previously raised doubts about their role in squamous papillomas from eyelid/conjunctiva specimens.
Topics: Animals; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 31383413
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.05.016 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2024Cervical cancer accounts for a high number of deaths worldwide. Risk factors are extensive for cervix cancer but Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a prime role in its... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cervical cancer accounts for a high number of deaths worldwide. Risk factors are extensive for cervix cancer but Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a prime role in its development. Different strains of HPV are prevalent globally, which show different grades of mortality and morbidity among women. This study is planned to evaluate the molecular mechanism of different strains of HPV infection and progression leading to cervix cancer.
METHODS
This review includes different research articles on cervix cancer progression reported from India and all over the world.
RESULTS
HPV 16 and 18 are prevalent strains using heparan sulfate-independent and dependent pathways for viral replication inside the cell. It also uses transcription mechanisms through NF-kappa B, FOXA-1, and AP-1 genes while strains like HPV-35, 45, and 52 are also predominant in India, which showed a very slow mechanism of progression due to which mortality rate is low after their infection with these strains.
CONCLUSION
HPV uses E6 and E7 proteins which activate NF-kappa B and AP-1 pathway which suppresses the tumor suppressor gene and activates cytokine production, causing inflammation and leading to a decrease in apoptosis due to Caspase-3 activation. In contrast, the E7 protein involves HOXA genes and decreases apoptotic factors due to which mortality and incidence rates are low in viruses that use E7 motifs. Some HPV strains employ the cap-dependent pathway, which is also associated with lower mortality and infection rates.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; NF-kappa B; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Transcription Factor AP-1; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38036109
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106465 -
Cancer Epidemiology Aug 2022Three genera of human papillomavirus (HPV) infect the oral cavity and oropharynx- alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ). While α-HPV infection is an established risk...
BACKGROUND
Three genera of human papillomavirus (HPV) infect the oral cavity and oropharynx- alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ). While α-HPV infection is an established risk factor for head and neck cancers (HNC), the role of other genera remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the effect of α-, β-, γ-HPV on HNC using a hospital-based case-control study.
METHODS
We recruited incident HNC cases (396) and controls (439), frequency-matched by age and sex from four main referral hospitals in Montreal, Canada. We collected information on sociodemographic and behavior characteristics using in-person interviews, and tested rinse, brush and tumor specimens for HPV genotypes. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of HPV on HNC using logistic regression, adjusting for confounding. We conducted probabilistic bias analysis to account for potential exposure misclassification, selection bias, and residual confounding.
RESULTS
α-HPV genus had a strong effect on HNC, particularly HPV16 (aOR=22.6; 95% CI: 10.8, 47.2). β-HPV was more common among controls (aOR=0.80; 95% 0.57, 1.11). After adjustment for HPV16, we found weaker evidence for γ-HPV (aOR= 1.29; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.08). Combined bias analyses for HPV16 increased the strength of the point estimate, but added imprecision (aOR=54.2, 95% CI: 10.7, 385.9).
CONCLUSIONS
α-HPV, especially HPV16, appears to increase the risk for HNC, while there is little evidence for an effect of β- or γ-HPV. β-HPV may have a preventive effect, while γ-HPV may increase the risk of HNC, although to a lesser extent than that of α-HPV. Results for cutaneous HPV were imprecise and less conclusive. Due to possible epidemiologic biases, the true relation between HPV and HNC could be underestimated in the literature. Further improvement in current methods and more studies of the biologic mechanisms of the three genera in HNC development are warranted.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Genotype; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Human papillomavirus 16; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence
PubMed: 35780522
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102205 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2021The aim of this study is to address the role of HPV in prostate cancer (PCa) development through the inducement of resistance to anoikis.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to address the role of HPV in prostate cancer (PCa) development through the inducement of resistance to anoikis.
METHODS
In this case-control study, prostate tissues and blood samples were collected from 116 individuals, including 72 cases with PCa and 44 non-malignant prostate tissue samples as a control group. The expression level of HPV genes (E2, E6, and E7) and cellular genes including anti-apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2 and survivin), tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53), and some mediators involved in anoikis resistance and invasiveness (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Twist, PTPN13 and SLUG) were evaluated.
RESULTS
HPV genome was identified in 36.1% cases and 15.9% control samples, additionally there was found to be a statistic significant association between the presence of HPV and PCa (OR = 1.64, 95% C.I = 0.8-1.8, P-value = 0.023). HPV genotype 16 and 18 were the most prevalent genotype in both in the PCa group and the control group. The expression level of the tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53) and anti-apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2 and Survivin) were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the HPV-positive specimens compared to the HPV-negative specimens. Furthermore, the mean expression level of N-cadherin, SLUG, and TWIST in the HPV-positive specimens was higher than HPV-negative specimens while the mean expression level of PTPN-13 and E-cadherin genes in the HPV-positive specimens was lower than HPV-negative specimens.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that HPV infection may be involved in the development of PCa metastases by modulating anoikis resistance related genes.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Anoikis; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Male; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33086103
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104576 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jan 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains to be one of the most common viruses that afflicts the skin and mucosa. Direct contact with cutaneous lesions facilitates a majority... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains to be one of the most common viruses that afflicts the skin and mucosa. Direct contact with cutaneous lesions facilitates a majority of viral transmission. However, the development of laser therapy as treatment for HPV brought to attention the concern of infectious laser plume and the risk it poses to those inhaling it. We conducted a literature review using English articles in PubMed to validate this risk and propose the best safety practices dermatologists can apply when using laser therapy as treatment for HPV. Our investigation identified smoke evacuators as primary modes of mitigation, and we suggest further studies will aid in the refinement of best practice recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; DNA, Viral; Lasers
PubMed: 34636418
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15936 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jan 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.32%-66.40%), where high risk (HR)-HPV and low risk (LR)-HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%-44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%-71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR-HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR-HPV was HPV26. The most common LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43 (6.37%). The 9 v HPV vaccine preventable for LR-HPV and HR-HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV-positive patients aged 1-86 were in the 30-39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR-HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Human papillomavirus 18; Papillomaviridae; Human papillomavirus 16; Genotype
PubMed: 38178597
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29360 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Oct 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world. Even though preventive vaccines against HPV are effective, the effective... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world. Even though preventive vaccines against HPV are effective, the effective treatment of HPV infections is much less satisfactory due to multi-drug resistance and secondary adverse effects. Nanotechnology was employed for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs to increase the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize the side effects. Nanodelivery of both preventive and therapeutic HPV vaccines has also been studied to boost vaccine efficacy. Overall, such developments suggest that the nanoparticle-based vaccine might emerge as the most cost-effective way to prevent and treat HPV cancer, assisted or combined with another nanotechnology-based therapy. This review focuses on the current knowledge on pathogenesis and vaccines against HPV, highlighting the current value and perspective regarding the widespread diffusion of HPV vaccines-based nanomaterials. The ongoing advancements in the design of vaccines-based nanomaterials are expanding their therapeutic roles against HPV.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Humans; Nanotechnology; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines
PubMed: 36064102
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105747