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Vaccine Oct 2019
Topics: Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabies; Vaccination
PubMed: 31564303
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.050 -
Science Immunology Jun 2023Passive immunization with nirsevimab protects infants from severe RSV disease without impairing the immune response to natural infection.
Passive immunization with nirsevimab protects infants from severe RSV disease without impairing the immune response to natural infection.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 37276355
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi8764 -
Annual Review of Immunology Apr 2022Antibodies have been used to prevent or treat viral infections since the nineteenth century, but the full potential to use passive immunization for infectious diseases... (Review)
Review
Antibodies have been used to prevent or treat viral infections since the nineteenth century, but the full potential to use passive immunization for infectious diseases has yet to be realized. The advent of efficient methods for isolating broad and potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies is enabling us to develop antibodies with unprecedented activities. The discovery of IgG Fc region modifications that extend antibody half-life in humans to three months or more suggests that antibodies could become the principal tool with which we manage future viral epidemics. Antibodies for members of most virus families that cause severe disease in humans have been isolated, and many of them are in clinical development, an area that has accelerated during the effort to prevent or treat COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Broad and potently neutralizing antibodies are also important research reagents for identification of protective epitopes that can be engineered into active vaccines through structure-based reverse vaccinology.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Epitopes; Humans; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 35113730
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041309 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2022Current immune treatment directed to avoid viral replication relies mainly in convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). No clinical benefit for convalescent... (Review)
Review
Current immune treatment directed to avoid viral replication relies mainly in convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). No clinical benefit for convalescent plasma has been reported in a meta-analysis and systematic review compared to standard of care. MAbs are recombinant proteins capable to bind with SARS-CoV-2 preventing its entrance into cells. Several mAbs have shown reduction in viral load and/or progression of the disease such as casirivimab-imdevimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab and sotrovimab. After the apparition of Omicron variant, it has been reported that sotrovimab retained its activity whereas the other two combinations exhibited loss of neutralizing activity. Several aspects as the target population, timing and doses, serological patient status and evolution of variants still require attention, monitorization and further studies for knowledge gaps.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neutralization Tests; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Viral Envelope Proteins; COVID-19 Serotherapy; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35488829
DOI: 10.37201/req/s01.14.2022 -
Neurobiology of Disease Oct 2019Active and passive immunization have been used to treat human disease for hundreds of years and improvements in technology and knowledge is only increasing the number of... (Review)
Review
Active and passive immunization have been used to treat human disease for hundreds of years and improvements in technology and knowledge is only increasing the number of therapeutic applications. The current and future use of immunization to treat neurodegenerative diseases are briefly described herein to serve as an introduction to this special issue.
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Vaccination
PubMed: 31216439
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104504 -
Biomolecules Jan 2022Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive... (Review)
Review
Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by pathological misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in neurons, axons or glial cells in the brain, but also in other organs. The abnormal accumulation and propagation of pathogenic αsyn across the autonomic connectome is associated with progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. To date, no cure is available for synucleinopathies, and therapy is limited to symptomatic treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms upon diagnosis. Recent advances using passive immunization that target different αsyn structures show great potential to block disease progression in rodent studies of synucleinopathies. However, passive immunotherapy in clinical trials has been proven safe but less effective than in preclinical conditions. Here we review current achievements of passive immunotherapy in animal models of synucleinopathies. Furthermore, we propose new research strategies to increase translational outcome in patient studies, (1) by using antibodies against immature conformations of pathogenic αsyn (monomers, post-translationally modified monomers, oligomers and protofibrils) and (2) by focusing treatment on body-first synucleinopathies where damage in the brain is still limited and effective immunization could potentially stop disease progression by blocking the spread of pathogenic αsyn from peripheral organs to the brain.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Lewy Bodies; Models, Animal; Synucleinopathies; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 35204668
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020168 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2024Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is an important healthcare but also a community-associated disease. CDI is considered a public health threat and... (Review)
Review
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is an important healthcare but also a community-associated disease. CDI is considered a public health threat and an economic burden. A major problem is the high rate of recurrences. Besides classical antibiotic treatments, new therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent infection, to treat patients, and to prevent recurrences. If fecal transplantation has been recommended to treat recurrences, another key approach is to elicit immunity against C. difficile and its virulence factors. Here, after a summary concerning the virulence factors, the host immune response against C. difficile, and its role in the outcome of disease, we review the different approaches of passive immunotherapies and vaccines developed against CDI. Passive immunization strategies are designed in function of the target antigen, the antibody-based product, and its administration route. Similarly, for active immunization strategies, vaccine antigens can target toxins or surface proteins, and immunization can be performed by parenteral or mucosal routes. For passive immunization and vaccination as well, we first present immunization assays performed in animal models and second in humans and associated clinical trials. The different studies are presented according to the mode of administration either parenteral or mucosal and the target antigens and either toxins or colonization factors.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Clostridioides difficile; Immunization; Vaccination; Immunization, Passive; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 38175474
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_7 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2022The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive...
The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive antibodies for several hours. A number of sexually transmitted infections could potentially be prevented by delivery of specific monoclonal antibodies to the vagina. Furthermore, our group is developing antisperm antibodies for vaginally delivered on-demand topical contraception. In this article, we describe physical features of the vagina that could play a role in antibody deployment, and antibody modifications that could affect mAb retention and function in the female reproductive tract. We also review results of recent Phase 1 clinical trials of vaginal passive immunization with antibodies against sexually transmitted pathogens, and describe our current studies on the use of anti-sperm mAbs for contraception.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Female; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Passive; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vagina
PubMed: 34473605
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1965423 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with infected persons. With the progression of disease, numerous complications develop, particularly among persons with chronic illnesses. Pathological investigations indicate that it affects multiple organs and can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prevention is vital and self-isolation is the best means of containing this virus. Good community health practices like maintaining sufficient distance from other people, wearing protective face masks and regular hand washing should be adopted. Convalescent plasma transfusion and the administration of the antiviral Remdesivir have been found to be effective. Vaccines offer lifesaving protecting against COVID-19 which has killed millions and our best bet for staying safe. Screening, suppression/containment as well as mitigation are the strategies implemented for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is essential to end the COVID-19 pandemic and everyone should have an access to them. The current COVID-19 pandemic brought the global economy to a standstill and has exacted an enormous human and financial toll.
Topics: Blood Component Transfusion; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35602161
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.778037 -
Annual Review of Medicine Jan 2020In the last decade, over a dozen potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to several HIV envelope protein epitopes have been identified, and their in vitro... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, over a dozen potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to several HIV envelope protein epitopes have been identified, and their in vitro neutralization profiles have been defined. Many have demonstrated prevention efficacy in preclinical trials and favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in early human clinical trials. The first human prevention efficacy trials using 10 sequential, every-two-month administrations of a single anti-HIV bnAb are anticipated to conclude in 2020. Combinations of complementary bnAbs and multi-specific bnAbs exhibit improved breadth and potency over most individual antibodies and are entering advanced clinical development. Genetic engineering of the Fc regions has markedly improved bnAb half-life, increased mucosal tissue concentrations of antibodies (especially in the genital tract), and enhanced immunomodulatory and Fc effector functionality, all of which improve antibodies' preventative and therapeutic potential. Human-derived monoclonal antibodies are likely to enter the realm of primary care prevention and therapy for viral infections in the near future.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; Clinical Trials as Topic; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Engineering; Receptors, Fc
PubMed: 31986089
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-110118-045506