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European Review For Medical and... Jun 2022Viral infections could complicate hematopoiesis and, in some cases, they may worsen the clinical prognosis of blood disorders. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, as a viral...
OBJECTIVE
Viral infections could complicate hematopoiesis and, in some cases, they may worsen the clinical prognosis of blood disorders. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, as a viral disease, can have serious impact on the disease course of hematological neoplastic diseases and can cause hematological complications. The aim of this paper is to review the hematologic aspects of COVID-19 syndrome and the potential management options for SARS-CoV-2 including the convalescent plasma, hemostatic agents and proper anticoagulant treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Up to February 2022, literature searches were performed using the internet search engines MEDLINE and EMBASE: (i) COVID-19; (ii) Hematology. PRISMA flow diagram described the COVID-19 and hematology search.
RESULTS
According to our COVID-19 and hematology research on research databases, we included 82 studies in the current paper. The issues of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hematological diseases, the role of t-lymphocytes in donor lymphocyte infusion and viruses, hemato-immunologic research in COVID-19, local bone marrow renin-angiotensin system and viral infections, clinical management of COVID-19 infection via hemostatic agents, immune plasma treatment of COVID-19, anticoagulant treatment of COVID-19 associated thrombosis are comprehensively described in this paper.
CONCLUSIONS
The final episode of this pandemic will include the "chimerism-mediated immunotherapy" that will eventually lead to end of the COVID-19 process. The recent Omicron variant seems to have unique evasion effects on the interferon gene expression which will boost the chimerism-mediated immunotherapy without high mortality rates.
Topics: Anticoagulants; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Syndrome; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35776048
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202206_29086 -
Viral Immunology Oct 2022COVID-19 is a life-threatening respiratory disease triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). It has been considered a pandemic viral infection... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is a life-threatening respiratory disease triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). It has been considered a pandemic viral infection since December 2019. The investigation of the effective prophylaxis or therapeutic strategies for emergency management of the current condition has become a priority for medical research centers and pharmaceutical companies. This article provides a comprehensive review of antibody therapy and its different categories with their advantages and disadvantages for COVID-19 over the last few years of the current pandemic. Antibodies can be generated by active immunization, including natural infection with a pathogen and vaccination, or by the passive immunization method such as convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) and antibody synthesis in laboratories. Each of these ways has its characteristics. Arming the immune system with antibodies is the main aim of antiviral therapeutic procedures toward SARS-CoV-2. Collecting and discussing various aspects of available data in this field can give researchers a better perspective for the production of antibody-based products or selection of the most appropriate approach of antibody therapies to improve different cases of COVID-19. Moreover, it can help them control similar viral pandemics that may happen in the future appropriately.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pharmaceutical Preparations; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36201297
DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0160 -
Southern Medical Journal May 2023Current evidence favors plasma to be effective against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients in the early stages of infection. We investigated... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Current evidence favors plasma to be effective against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients in the early stages of infection. We investigated the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in specifically late-stage (designated as after 2 weeks of hospital admission) severe COVID-19 infection. We also conducted a literature review on the late-stage use of plasma in COVID-19.
METHODS
This case series examined eight COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who met criteria for severe or life-threatening complications. Each patient received one dose (200 mL) of plasma. Clinical information was gathered in intervals of 1 day pretransfusion and 1 hour, 3 days, and 7 days posttransfusion. The primary outcome was effectiveness of plasma transfusion, measured by clinical improvement, laboratory parameters, and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS
Eight ICU patients received plasma late in the course of COVID-19 infection, on average at 16.13 days postadmission. On the day before transfusion, the averaged initial Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, PaO:FiO ratio, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and lymphocyte count were 6.5, 228.03, 8.63, and 1.19, respectively. Three days after plasma treatment, the group averages for the SOFA score (4.86), PaO:FiO ratio (302.73), GCS (9.29), and lymphocyte count (1.75) improved. Although the mean GCS improved to 10.14 by posttransfusion day 7, the other means marginally worsened with an SOFA score of 5.43, a PaO:FiO ratio of 280.44, and a lymphocyte count of 1.71. Clinical improvement was noted in six patients who were discharged from the ICU.
CONCLUSIONS
This case series provides evidence that convalescent plasma may be safe and effective in late-stage, severe COVID-19 infection. Results showed clinical improvement posttransfusion as well as decreased all-cause mortality in comparison to pretransfusion predicted mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine benefits, dosage, and timing of treatment.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Blood Component Transfusion; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 37137479
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001546 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Jul 2020World has been suffering from pandemic caused by mysterious Coronavirus. The novel member of Coronaviridae causing COVID-19 disease is named as SARS-Cov-2. Its first... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
World has been suffering from pandemic caused by mysterious Coronavirus. The novel member of Coronaviridae causing COVID-19 disease is named as SARS-Cov-2. Its first case was reported in China by the end of 2019, but its exponential spread has wrapped entire globe, suspended and is penalizing mankind. A retrospective meta-analysis study showed that outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS-Cov-1 (Coronaviridae), influenza infection H1N1 and West-African Ebola caused lower mortality than this new pandemic COVID-19. Virus has appeared as a new human pathogen so to counter COVID-19 no specific vaccine, monoclonal antibodies have been manufactured till day. The outbreak of novel Coronavirus is treated with antimicrobial drugs but they have their own mild side effects. But the drastic spread of COVID-19 compels us also to use other ways to counter pandemic. Thus, passive immunization can be opted to hold back this mysterious virus. Passive immunization has been in use since early 20th century and showed its effectiveness against all previous infectious outbreaks including MERS and SARS-Cov-1 members of Coronaviridae. The review argues that convalescent plasma is an explicit option for containment of COVID-19 disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 32619190
DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01199 -
British Journal of Pharmacology May 2022COVID-19 is a complex disease, and many difficulties are faced today especially in the proper choice of pharmacological treatments. The role of antiviral agents for... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is a complex disease, and many difficulties are faced today especially in the proper choice of pharmacological treatments. The role of antiviral agents for COVID-19 is still being investigated and evidence for immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs is quite conflicting, whereas the use of corticosteroids is supported by robust evidence. The use of heparins in hospitalized critically ill patients is preferred over other anticoagulants. There are conflicting data on the use of convalescent plasma and vitamin D. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), many vaccines are in Phase III clinical trials, and some of them have already received marketing approval in European countries and in the United States. In conclusion, drug repurposing has represented the main approach recently used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. At this moment, analysis of efficacy and safety data of drugs and vaccines used in real-life context is strongly needed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33960398
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15452 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Oct 2019Intravenous immunoglobulins are the cornerstone for the treatment of primary humoral immunodeficiencies and may be used for a great number of other autoimmune,... (Review)
Review
Intravenous immunoglobulins are the cornerstone for the treatment of primary humoral immunodeficiencies and may be used for a great number of other autoimmune, neurological and hematological conditions as well. Given their wide application, the possibility of running across a patient who needs this kind of therapy is becoming increasingly common. Generally, intravenous immunoglobulins are well tolerated. However, numerous adverse reactions ranging from mild to severe have been reported and linked to patient- and product-related factors. For all these reasons, we present herein a comprehensive review of the on- and off-label applications of intravenous immunoglobulins and provide a guide for the internist how to minimize the risk of adverse reactions and manage them.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Autoimmune Diseases; Disease Management; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Internal Medicine
PubMed: 31309519
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02150-z -
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Feb 2023An overview of primary antibody immunodeficiency in pregnancy is presented. Indications for immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT), dosing, and safety considerations... (Review)
Review
An overview of primary antibody immunodeficiency in pregnancy is presented. Indications for immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT), dosing, and safety considerations are highlighted. Uses of immunizations and antimicrobial therapy are also discussed. In general, IGRT, both intravenous and subcutaneous, is considered safe in pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 36410999
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.07.009 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Drug Approval; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; United States; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 32933945
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3516 -
Journal of Immunological Methods Oct 2022This article aims to describe the rationale and utility of immunoglobulin therapies in patients with B-cell immunodeficiency states. We describe the historical...
This article aims to describe the rationale and utility of immunoglobulin therapies in patients with B-cell immunodeficiency states. We describe the historical perspective, mechanism of actions, and indications for use in this population. We then focus upon management pearls and special considerations for its utility. Finally, we elaborate upon the important economic implications for these patients and the need to develop individualized management strategies in this vulnerable population.
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
PubMed: 35964701
DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113336 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Apr 2021Discussion on how breast milk shows similarity to the immune gut micro-environment, creating a sort of immune "extended gut" between mother and child; helps advance the...
Discussion on how breast milk shows similarity to the immune gut micro-environment, creating a sort of immune "extended gut" between mother and child; helps advance the newborn's immune endowment by further tuning mucosal immunity and CD8 memory cells in the early life intestine.
Topics: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunization, Passive; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human
PubMed: 33034085
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.1CE0720-447RR