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Proteomics Sep 2022The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide pandemic... (Review)
Review
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide pandemic claiming several thousands of lives worldwide. During this pandemic, several studies reported the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) from recovered patients to treat severely or critically ill patients. Although this historical and empirical treatment holds immense potential as a first line of response against eventual future unforeseen viral epidemics, there are several concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of this approach. This critical review aims to pinpoint the possible role of mass spectrometry-based analysis in the identification of unique molecular component proteins, peptides, and metabolites of CCP that explains the therapeutic mechanism of action against COVID-19. Additionally, the text critically reviews the potential application of mass spectrometry approaches in the search for novel plasma biomarkers that may enable a rapid and accurate assessment of the safety and efficacy of CCP. Considering the relative low-cost value involved in the CCP therapy, this proposed line of research represents a tangible scientific challenge that will be translated into clinical practice and help save several thousand lives around the world, specifically in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Mass Spectrometry; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35809024
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200118 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Sep 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 32861318
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.016 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Aug 2023Convalescent plasma has been extensively tested during the COVID-19 pandemic as a transfusion product. Similarly, monoclonal antibodies have been largely administered... (Review)
Review
Convalescent plasma has been extensively tested during the COVID-19 pandemic as a transfusion product. Similarly, monoclonal antibodies have been largely administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. Nevertheless, when used against a respiratory pathogen, respiratory delivery is preferable to maximize the amount of antibody that reaches the entry door in order to prevent sustained viral multiplication. In this narrative review, we review the different types of inhalation device and summarize evidence from animal models and early clinical trials supporting the respiratory delivery (for either prophylactic or therapeutic purposes) of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (either full antibodies, single-chain variable fragments, or camelid-derived monoclonal heavy-chain only antibodies). Preliminary evidences from animal models suggest similar safety and noninferior efficacy, but efficacy evaluation from clinical trials is still limited.
Topics: Animals; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Pandemics; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Immunization, Passive; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing
PubMed: 37799070
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2260040 -
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A Oct 2022Avian pathogenic (APEC) cause extra-intestinal infections called colibacillosis, which is the dominant bacterial disease in broilers. To date, given the diversity of...
Avian pathogenic (APEC) cause extra-intestinal infections called colibacillosis, which is the dominant bacterial disease in broilers. To date, given the diversity of APEC strains and the need for an acceptable level of protection in day-old chicks, no satisfactory commercial vaccine is available. As part of a French nationwide project, we selected three representative strains among several hundred APEC that cause colibacillosis disease. We first performed experiments to develop colibacillosis models, using an inoculum of 3 × 10 CFU of each strain per chick. Two APEC strains (19-381 and 19-383-M1) were found to be highly virulent for day-old chicks, whereas the third strain (19-385-M1) induced no mortality nor morbidity.We then produced an autogenous vaccine using the (Llyod, 1982; MaCQueen, 1967) 19-381 and 19-383-M1 APEC strains and a passive immunization trial was undertaken. Specific-pathogen-free Leghorn hens were vaccinated twice 2 weeks apart, the control group receiving a saline solution. The vaccinated and control hens exhibited no clinical signs, and egg production and fertility of both groups were similar. Fertile eggs were collected for 2 weeks after the second vaccination and chicks were obtained. After challenge with each APEC (19-381 and 19-383-M1), chicks appeared to be partially protected from infection with the 19-383-M1 strain, with 40% mortality compared with 80% for the non-vaccinated chicks. No protection was found when the chicks were challenged with the 19-381 strain. Now, further work is needed to consider some aspects: severity of the pathogen challenge model, persistence of the protection, number of APEC strains in the autogenous vaccine, choice of adjuvants, and heterologous protection by the vaccine made from strain 19-383-M1. Three APEC strains were characterized and selected to develop models of colibacillosis.A bivalent autogenous vaccine was produced and a passive immunization trial was carried out.Protection of chicks was demonstrated when challenged with the 19-383-M1 APEC strain (homologous challenge).Further work is needed in particular to evaluate the protection against heterologous challenge.
Topics: Animals; Autovaccines; Chickens; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Female; Immunization, Passive; Ovum; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 35634647
DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2084362 -
Transfusion and Apheresis Science :... Apr 2023Convalescent plasma has been used for a long time for the treatment of various infectious diseases. The principle is to collect antibody-containing plasma from recovered... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Convalescent plasma has been used for a long time for the treatment of various infectious diseases. The principle is to collect antibody-containing plasma from recovered patients and to transfuse the plasma to infectious patients thereby modifying their immune system. This approach was also used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic when no specific drugs were available for the treatment of the disease.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This short narrative review reports on relevant studies of collection and transfusion of Covid-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) from 2020 until August 2022. Clinical patients' outcome parameters such as need for ventilation, length of hospital stay and mortality were analysed.
RESULTS
Heterogenous patient groups were studied resulting in difficult comparability of the studies. High titer of transfused neutralizing antibodies, early onset of CCP treatment and moderate disease activity were identified as key parameters for effective treatment. Special subgroups of patients were identified to benefit from CCP treatment. No relevant side effects were observed during and after collection and transfusion of CCP.
CONCLUSIONS
Transfusion of CCP plasma is an option for the treatment of special subgroups of patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCP can be easily used in low-to-middle income countries where no specific drugs are available for treatment of the disease. Further clinical trials are necessary to define the role of CCP in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Immunization, Passive; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 36870907
DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103680 -
International Journal of Medical... 2021Current standard vaccine testing protocols take approximately 10-24 months of testing before a vaccine can be declared successful. Sometimes by the time a successful... (Review)
Review
Current standard vaccine testing protocols take approximately 10-24 months of testing before a vaccine can be declared successful. Sometimes by the time a successful vaccine is out for public use, the outbreak may already be over. With no vaccine or antiviral drug available to treat the infected, we are left with the age-old methods of isolation, quarantine, and rest, to arrest such a viral outbreak. Convalescent blood therapy and covalent plasma therapy have often proved effective in reducing mortality, however, the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in these therapies have been overlooked. Antigen presenting cells (APCs), CD4+ T memory cells, CD8+ T memory cells, and memory B-Cells all play a vital role in sustainable defense and subsequent recovery. This report incorporates all these aspects by suggesting a novel treatment therapy called selective convalescent leukapheresis and transfusion (SCLT) and also highlights its potential in vaccination. The anticipated advantages of the proposed technique outweigh the cost, time, and efficiency of other available transfusion and vaccination processes. It is envisioned that in the future this new approach could serve as a rapid emergency response to subdue a pathogen outbreak and to stop it from becoming an epidemic, or pandemic.
Topics: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antiviral Agents; Blood Transfusion; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Cytokines; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Leukapheresis; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 34522165
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46363 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Oct 2021Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) possess favorable safety, and passive immunization using these can prevent or control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) possess favorable safety, and passive immunization using these can prevent or control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, bNAbs generally used for monotherapy (IC > 5 μg/mL) have limited breadth and potency and neutralize only 70-90% of all HIV-1 strains. To address the need for broader coverage of the HIV-1 epidemic and enhance the ability of bNAbs to target HIV-1, we fused the single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) of bNAbs (PG9, PGT123, or NIH45-46) with full-length ibalizumab (iMab) in an scFv-monoclonal antibody tandem format to construct bispecific bNAbs (BibNAbs). Additionally, we described the feasibility of BibNAb gene delivery mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) for generating long-term expression with a single injection as opposed to short-term passive immunization requiring continuous injections. Our results showed that the expressed BibNAbs targeting two distinct epitopes exhibited neutralizing activity against 20 HIV-1 pseudoviruses in vitro. After injecting a single rAAV8 vector, the expression and neutralizing activity of the BibNAbs in serum were sustained for 24 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, very few studies have been published on BibNAb gene delivery using rAAV8 vectors against HIV-1. BibNAb gene delivery using rAAV8 vectors may be promising for passive immunization against HIV-1 infection.
Topics: Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Neutralizing; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Neutralization Tests
PubMed: 34509584
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.006 -
The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine Mar 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Outpatients; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35150608
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00050-9 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings May 2021
Topics: Blood Component Transfusion; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Male; Plasma; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33958067
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.03.024 -
Revista Peruana de Medicina... 2020There is currently no vaccine available and no specific medication against Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). The treatment is mainly based on support measures. In... (Review)
Review
There is currently no vaccine available and no specific medication against Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). The treatment is mainly based on support measures. In this context, several potentially useful therapies have been approved for use in clinical trials, such as convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT). PubMed was searched for studies on convalescent plasma and COVID-19, SARS or MERS. Studies on clinical efficacy in diseases caused by other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) showed clinical improvement, increase of neutralizing antibodies, decreased mortality and absence of adverse events during and after treatment. We found 13 studies on this type of treatment used in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Despite limitations regarding methodology, number of patients and the protocols for the analysis of donors' convalescent plasma, patients who received CPT showed clinical improvement, improvement of ventilatory patterns, resolution of lung injuries, decreased mortality, improvement of laboratory parameters, increase of neutralizing antibodies, decreased viral load and low frequency of adverse events.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Blood Component Transfusion; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33566918
DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2020.374.5767