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Semergen 2021The dermatological conditions that affect the penis are diverse, and may be typical of this area or be part of systemic diseases. The anamnesis and inspection are often...
The dermatological conditions that affect the penis are diverse, and may be typical of this area or be part of systemic diseases. The anamnesis and inspection are often sufficient for diagnosis, but other times, it is difficult to distinguish between benign dermatoses and premalignant lesions. The delay in consulting, due to fear, shame or the doctor's own ignorance, can cause the lesions to progress to malignancy and require aggressive treatments that can alter the quality of life and physical and mental health of the patient. We must suspect premalignancy or malignancy any lesion of the penis that is not modified with specific or empirical treatment and refer for biopsy. HPV infections are the origin of 50% of premalignant lesions. After treatment and due to possible relapses and progression to infiltrating carcinomas, a strict follow-up plan is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Precancerous Conditions; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34144867
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.05.005 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2020
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; HIV Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Sarcoma, Kaposi
PubMed: 32187472
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1908438 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Aug 2023Previous studies have suggested a protective effect of male circumcision on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in males, and that this protection may be conferred to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have suggested a protective effect of male circumcision on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in males, and that this protection may be conferred to their female sexual partners.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesize the available evidence on the association between male circumcision and HPV infections in males and females.
DATA SOURCES
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global for records published up to 22 June 2022.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY
We considered observational and experimental studies that assessed male circumcision status and HPV prevalence, incidence, or clearance in males or females for inclusion.
PARTICIPANTS
Males and their female sexual partners who were tested for genital HPV infection.
INTERVENTIONS
Male circumcision compared with no circumcision.
THE RISK-OF-BIAS ASSESSMENT
The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for observational studies, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for randomized trials.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We estimated summary measures of effect and 95% CIs for the prevalence, incidence, and clearance of HPV infections in males and females using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the effect modification of circumcision on HPV prevalence by the penile site in males using random-effects meta-regression.
RESULTS
Across 32 studies, male circumcision was associated with decreased odds of prevalent HPV infections (odds ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.61), a reduced incidence rate of HPV infections (incidence rate ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.83), and an increased risk of clearing HPV infections (risk ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.28-1.61) at the glans penis among male subjects. Circumcision conferred greater protection against infection at the glans than the shaft (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.98). Females with circumcised partners were protected from all outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Male circumcision may protect against various HPV infection outcomes, suggesting its prophylactic potential. Understanding the site-specific effects of circumcision on HPV infection prevalence has important implications for studies of HPV transmission.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Circumcision, Male; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 37011808
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.028 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Oct 2021No studies have focused on the prevalence and clinical manifestations of penile gonococcal cutaneous and accessory gland infections in men with gonorrhea.
BACKGROUND
No studies have focused on the prevalence and clinical manifestations of penile gonococcal cutaneous and accessory gland infections in men with gonorrhea.
METHODS
We enrolled patients with penile gonococcal cutaneous and accessory gland infections and patients with urethral gonorrhea from January 2014 to February 2020. Demographic data, occurrence sites, and manifestations of all patients were recorded.
RESULTS
Fifty-one patients with penile gonococcal cutaneous and accessory gland infections were observed among 1994 (2.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.9%-3.4%) patients with urethral or penile gonorrhea. Lesions were present at the external urethral orifice in 22 (43%) patients, at the glans in 11 (21%), in the side of the frenulum of the prepuce in 7 (14%), in the penile raphe in 5 (10%), in the inner plate of the prepuce in 1 (2%), in the external urethral orifice and side of the frenulum of the prepuce in 3 (6%), and in the glans and side of the frenulum of the prepuce in 2 (4%). The lesions manifested as sinus-like lesions in 22 (43%) patients, abscesses in 14 (27%), nodules in 10 (20%), pustules in 3 (6%), nodules with sinus tracts in 1 (2%), and ulcers in 1 (2%).
CONCLUSIONS
Penile gonococcal cutaneous and accessory gland infections in men probably are more common than previously understood. They mainly involve the paraurethral duct, glans, Tyson's gland, and penile raphe. Lesions mainly present as sinus-like lesions, abscesses, and nodules.
Topics: Foreskin; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Penis; Prevalence; Urethra
PubMed: 34110739
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001413 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2019Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the genital region in particular is recognized to be caused by HPV infection, and intraepithelial lesions of the penis and vulva are termed penile intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, respectively. Although SCC of the nail apparatus is recognized as being associated with high-risk HPVs, it is not well-known in general medicine, and its analysis has been insufficient. In this article, we reviewed 136 cases of HPV-associated nail SCC and SCC in situ and delineated their clinical characteristics. We found that half of the cases were high-risk HPV-associated. Almost all of the types were high-risk α-HPVs. This disease had a male dominance and left hand digit 3 and right hand digits 1-3 were typically affected. In this review, 24% of the cases of nail SCC had a history of other HPV-associated diseases, suggesting the possibility of genitodigital transmission. We propose that nail SCC is a hidden high-risk HPV-associated reservoir and should be recognized as a sexually transmitted infection.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Humans; Male; Nail Diseases; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30930083
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.070 -
Urologic Oncology Jun 2022The majority of penile malignant tumors are squamous cell carcinomas. They are pathologically defined as epithelial neoplasms originating in the squamous cells of the... (Review)
Review
The majority of penile malignant tumors are squamous cell carcinomas. They are pathologically defined as epithelial neoplasms originating in the squamous cells of the inner mucosal lining of the glans, coronal sulcus or foreskin. Tumor location and site of origin is preferentially in glans (70%) followed by foreskin (25%) and coronal sulcus (5%). Despite the variable geographic distribution, pathological features of penile carcinomas in areas of high- and low-risk are similar. Penile tumors are morphologically heterogeneous. A major advance, based on biological, etiological and prognostic factors, is the 2016 WHO classification separating epithelial penile neoplasia, precancerous and invasive, in non-HPV and HPV-related.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Papillomavirus Infections; Penile Neoplasms; Penis
PubMed: 33008752
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.09.010 -
Urology Dec 2020The implantation of penile protheses for the surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction has risen in popularity over the past several decades. Considerable advances have... (Review)
Review
The implantation of penile protheses for the surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction has risen in popularity over the past several decades. Considerable advances have been made in surgical protocol and device design, specifically targeting infection prevention. Despite these efforts, device infection remains a critical problem, which causes significant physical and emotional burden to the patient. The aim of this review is to broaden the discussion of best practices by not only examining practices in urology, but additionally delving into the field of orthopedic surgery to identify techniques and approaches that may be applied to penile prothesis surgery.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Biofilms; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Operating Rooms; Orthopedic Procedures; Penile Implantation; Penile Prosthesis; Penis; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical Wound Infection; Urology
PubMed: 32991908
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.08.060 -
Viruses Nov 2021Only a handful of cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells, can support human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in vitro, in striking...
Only a handful of cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells, can support human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in vitro, in striking contrast to the situation in vivo. While the susceptibility of epithelial and endothelial cells to CMV infection is strongly modulated by their anatomical site of origin, multiple CMV strains have been successfully isolated and propagated on fibroblasts derived from different organs. As oral mucosal cells are likely involved in CMV acquisition, we sought to evaluate the ability of infant labial fibroblasts to support CMV replication, compared to that of commonly used foreskin and fetal lung fibroblasts. No differences were found in the proportion of cells initiating infection, or in the amounts of viral progeny produced after exposure to the fibroblast-adapted CMV strain AD169 or to the endothelial cell-adapted strain TB40/E. Syncytia formation was, however, significantly enhanced in infected labial and lung fibroblasts compared to foreskin-derived cells, and did not occur after infection with AD169. Together, these data indicate that fibroblast populations derived from different tissues are uniformly permissive to CMV infection but retain phenotypic differences of potential importance for infection-induced cell-cell fusion, and ensuing viral spread and pathogenesis in different organs.
Topics: Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Endothelial Cells; Fibroblasts; Foreskin; Genomics; Giant Cells; Humans; Lung; Male; Viral Tropism; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34960624
DOI: 10.3390/v13122355 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jul 2020To discuss the imaging appearances of various pathologies affecting adult male urethra and to review the role of imaging in the assessment of artificial urinary... (Review)
Review
To discuss the imaging appearances of various pathologies affecting adult male urethra and to review the role of imaging in the assessment of artificial urinary sphincters and penile prostheses. Diagnosis of common male urethral diseases heavily depends on two conventional fluoroscopic techniques namely retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography. These are useful in evaluating common urethral diseases like traumatic injury, infections, and strictures. Cross-sectional imaging can be useful in evaluating periurethral pathologies. Artificial urinary sphincters, slings, and periurethral bulking agents are used in the management of urinary incontinence and imaging can be utilized to detect complications in these devices. Cross-sectional imaging especially MRI plays a significant role in evaluating the different types of penile prostheses and their malfunctioning.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Penile Prosthesis; Urethra; Urethral Diseases; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial
PubMed: 31834460
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02356-x -
International Journal of Impotence... Mar 2022The penoscrotal (PS), infrapubic (IP), and subcoronal (SC) incisions are used for inserting an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Each surgical approach has its... (Review)
Review
The penoscrotal (PS), infrapubic (IP), and subcoronal (SC) incisions are used for inserting an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Each surgical approach has its advantages and disadvantages and experts continue to debate which technique has the best outcomes. We performed a critical review of the published English-language studies up to April 2020 investigating the PS, IP, or SC approach for IPP placement. The PS approach is the most frequently used incision. The available data do not suggest a difference between PS and IP approach in size of the implanted prostheses, achieved penile length, patient satisfaction, infection rate, and risk of urethral injury. The risk of dorsal nerve injury, even if low, seems to be greater for IP approach. IP technique is associated with shorter operative time and earlier use of IPP compared with PS approach. Despite limited available data it is reasonable to assume that SC approach, compared with other approaches, has longer operative time and similar infection rate. The time to device activation with SC technique could be similar to the IP approach, but there is only minimal data that can confirm this hypothesis.
Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Patient Satisfaction; Penile Implantation; Penile Prosthesis; Penis
PubMed: 32488210
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0319-4