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Food Microbiology Apr 2023Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Wuhan, China, there has been continued concern over the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and food. However, there are few...
Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Wuhan, China, there has been continued concern over the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and food. However, there are few studies on the viability and removal of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating food. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on food matrices, depending on storage temperature, and inactivate the virus contaminating food using disinfectants. Two SARS-CoV-2 strains (L and S types) were used to contaminate lettuce, chicken, and salmon, which were then stored at 20,4 and -40 °C. The half-life of SARS-CoV-2 at 20 °C was 3-7 h but increased to 24-46 h at 4 °C and exceeded 100 h at -40 °C. SARS-CoV-2 persisted longer on chicken or salmon than on lettuce. Treatment with 70% ethanol for 1 min inactivated 3.25 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 inoculated on lettuce but not on chicken and salmon. ClO2 inactivated up to 2 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 on foods. Peracetic acid was able to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 from all foods. The virucidal effect of all disinfectants used in this study did not differ between the two SARS-CoV-2 strains; therefore, they could also be effective against other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study demonstrated that the viability of SARS-CoV-2 can be extended at 4 and -40 °C and peracetic acid can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on food matrices.
Topics: Animals; Peracetic Acid; Salmon; SARS-CoV-2; Lactuca; Chickens; Ethanol; COVID-19; Seafood; Disinfectants
PubMed: 36462820
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104164 -
Journal of Occupational and... Aug 2022A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous...
A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous media in glass and plastic impingers was evaluated when used for peracetic acid vapor sampling. Measurement of peracetic acid was done using an -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine colorimetric method with a field-portable spectrometer. The linearity of the -diethyl-p-phenylenediamine method was determined for peracetic acid both in solution and captured from vapor phase using glass or plastic impingers. The Limits of Detection for the glass and plastic impingers were 0.24 mg/m and 0.28 mg/m, respectively, for a 15 L air sample. The Limits of Quantitation were 0.79 mg/m and 0.92 mg/m for the glass and plastic impingers, respectively. Both metrics were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit of 1.24 mg/m (0.4 ppmv) during a 15-min period. The impinger sampling method presented herein allows for an easy-to-use and rapid in-field measurement that can be used for evaluating occupational exposure to peracetic acid.
Topics: Colorimetry; Gases; Occupational Exposure; Peracetic Acid; Plastics; United States
PubMed: 35709479
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2088772 -
Food Microbiology Sep 2020The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid for sanitization of Brazil nuts. To evaluate the natural microbiota of...
The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid for sanitization of Brazil nuts. To evaluate the natural microbiota of the nuts, the total bacteria and fungi as well as the Aspergillus section Flavi were counted. The moisture, water activity and the presence of aflatoxins was quantified. The response surface method was used to determine the influence of exposure time and sanitizers concentration on the reduction of Aspergillus nomius inoculated on the nuts. Microbiological, sensory and quantification analyzes of aflatoxins were performed under optimum conditions The evaluation of the initial contamination of the nuts, despite presenting high microbiological contamination, humidity and water activity, was not detected aflatoxins in any samples. In artificially inoculated samples, the response surface and the desirability function were obtained to determine the optimal point of use for each sanitizer. The nuts had high microbiological contamination, moisture content and water activity. Aflatoxins were not detected in any samples. The response surface and desirability function indicated the optimal sanitization conditions were 250 mg/L and 8.5 min and 140 mg/L and 15 min for sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, respectively. Reductions greater than 2 log CFU/g were obtained with sodium hypochlorite and of 1 log CFU/g for peracetic acid. In the tests performed with new Brazil nuts samples under the optimized conditions, reductions of less than 2 log CFU/g were obtained. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in one untreated sample (1.51 μg/kg), one sample treated with sodium hypochlorite (0.60 μg/kg) and two samples treated with peracetic acid (0.64 and 0.72 μg/kg). Demonstrating that the sanitizers in the concentrations used had no action on aflatoxins, despite being efficient for fungal control. The treatments did not cause an unacceptable sensorial impact on the samples.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Aspergillus; Bertholletia; Disinfectants; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Peracetic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 32336370
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103449 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2022In the twentieth century, fumigation became a very popular method of disinfection, although in the same century many agents used as fumigants were withdrawn for... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In the twentieth century, fumigation became a very popular method of disinfection, although in the same century many agents used as fumigants were withdrawn for ecological reasons. Fogging (fumigation) is a relatively new disinfection technology using dry fog, which behaves more like a gas and easily fills the sanitized space, reaching all surfaces in the room. The undoubted advantage of fumigation is the possibility of disinfecting difficult to clean areas. Fumigation has become particularly important in the twenty-first century due to procedures related to combating and preventing the spread of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge in the field of fumigation on the basis of past results of original research, taking into account new trends and possibilities of its application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Due to the fact that fumigation is safe for apparatus, equipment, and electronics, while simultaneously enabling the highest possible bactericidal and virucidal levels, this method is widely used in various areas, both medical and non-medical. Fogging technology is used in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries, as well as in transportation, for air fumigation or surface disinfection in closed spaces, such as hospital and laboratory rooms, incubators, refrigerators, ships, trucks, railway containers, and aircraft, to name only a few. The most common fumigants are hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid, and their mechanism of action is related to their oxidizing properties.
SUMMARY
Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are highly effective and non-toxic fumigants that can be safely used for fogging laboratory and medical equipment, pharmaceutical facilities, hospital rooms, and animal breeding rooms.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Fumigation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peracetic Acid; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 35767749
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/144136 -
Environmental Science & Technology Apr 2022Activation of peracetic acid (PAA) with iron species is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP). This study investigates the use of the chelating agent picolinic...
Activation of peracetic acid (PAA) with iron species is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP). This study investigates the use of the chelating agent picolinic acid (PICA) to extend the pH range and enhance the performance of the PAA-Fe(III) AOP. Compared to the PAA-Fe(III) system, the PAA-Fe(III)-PICA system degrades various micropollutants (MPs: methylene blue, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, trimethoprim, diclofenac, and bisphenol-A) much more rapidly at higher pH, achieving almost complete removal of parent compounds within 10 min. PAA significantly outperforms the coexistent HO and is the key oxidant for rapid compound degradation. Other chelating agents, EDTA, NTA, citric acid, proline, and nicotinic acid, could not enhance MP degradation in the PAA-Fe(III) system, while 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid with a structure similar to PICA moderately enhanced MP degradation. Experiments with scavengers (-butyl alcohol and methyl phenyl sulfoxide) and a probe compound (benzoic acid) confirmed that high-valent iron species [Fe(IV) and/or Fe(V)], rather than radicals, are the major reactive species contributing to MP degradation. The oxidation products of methylene blue, naproxen, and sulfamethoxazole by PAA-Fe(III)-PICA were characterized and supported the proposed mechanism. This work demonstrates that PICA is an effective complexing ligand to assist the Fenton reaction of PAA by extending the applicable pH range and accelerating the catalytic ability of Fe(III).
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Peracetic Acid; Picolinic Acids; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35319885
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08311 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Aug 2023This study evaluated the effects of irrigating solutions containing 5% boric acid + 1% citric acid or 1% peracetic acid + high concentration hydrogen peroxide on root...
This study evaluated the effects of irrigating solutions containing 5% boric acid + 1% citric acid or 1% peracetic acid + high concentration hydrogen peroxide on root cleaning and bond strength of cementation systems after 24 h and 6 months of glass fiber post cementation. One hundred and twenty roots were endodontically treated. The specimens were randomized into one of four treatments (n = 10): DW (distilled water); NaOCl + EDTA (2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution + 17% EDTA); PA + HP (1% peracetic acid solution + high concentration of hydrogen peroxide); BA + CA (5% boric acid associated with 1% citric acid). The cleaning efficacy in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the post-space, and the push-out bond strength at 24 h and 6 months after post cementation were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and two-way ANOVA tests, respectively. BA + CA showed statistically significantly superior cleaning efficacy compared to the other solutions. This irrigation protocol also resulted in higher bond strength at 24 h and 6 months, regardless of the root third considered, and this was statistically significantly higher than those seen for DW and PA + HP. For BA + CA irrigation protocol, type 1 adhesive failure was the most prevalent. Post-space irrigation with BA + CA provided both higher cleaning efficacy and better bond strength.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Materials Testing; Peracetic Acid; Post and Core Technique; Resin Cements; Humans
PubMed: 37294053
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12939 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Apr 2020The aim was to assess the effects of 1% peracetic acid (PAA) as a single endodontic irrigant on microhardness, roughness, and erosion of root canal dentin, compared with...
The aim was to assess the effects of 1% peracetic acid (PAA) as a single endodontic irrigant on microhardness, roughness, and erosion of root canal dentin, compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and with 2.5% NaOCl combined with 17% EDTA. Forty human, single-rooted tooth hemisections were submitted to Knoop microhardness test, before and after the following irrigation protocols: PAA = 1% PAA; NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl; NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA +2.5% NaOCl; and SS = saline. Another 40 roots were instrumented, irrigated with the same protocols, and sectioned longitudinally. The roughness analysis was performed on the mesial section using a confocal laser scanning microscope, whereas erosion was analyzed on each third of the distal section, using a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-tests (α = .05). The PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups showed no significant differences (p > .05); both promoted reduction in microhardness and increase in roughness, compared with the NaOCl and SS groups (p < .05). NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl promoted higher erosion in the cervical and middle thirds than the other groups (p < .05); there was no difference among PAA, NaOCl, and SS (p > .05). There was also no difference among the groups regarding the apical third (p > .05). PAA used as a single endodontic irrigant caused reduction in root canal dentin microhardness and increase in roughness in a similar way to NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl; however, PAA caused less erosion than NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peracetic Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite; Surface Properties; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Root
PubMed: 31833180
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23424 -
Polymers Oct 2022, a tree species that allows for efficient production of translucent wood, was selected as an experimental wood species in this study, and a two-step process of...
, a tree species that allows for efficient production of translucent wood, was selected as an experimental wood species in this study, and a two-step process of delignification and polymer impregnation was performed. For delignification, 2-4 mm thick specimens were immersed in peracetic acid for 8 h. The delignified-wood specimens were impregnated using epoxy, a commercial transparent polymer. To identify the characteristics of the resulting translucent wood, the transmittance and haze of each type of wood section (cross- and tangential) were measured, while bending strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The translucent wood varied in properties according to the wood section, and the total transmittance and haze were 88.0% and 78.5% for the tangential section and 91.3% and 96.2% for the cross-section, respectively. For the bending strength, untreated wood showed values of approximately 4613.5 MPa modulus of elasticity (MOE), while the epoxy impregnation to improve the strength of the wood had increased the MOE up to approximately 6089.9 MPa, respectively. A comparative analysis was performed in this study with respect to the substitution of balsa, which is used widely in the production of translucent wood. The results are anticipated to serve as baseline data for the functionalization of translucent wood.
PubMed: 36297956
DOI: 10.3390/polym14204380 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Dec 2022Nitinol (NiTi), a nickel-titanium alloy, has been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and orthodontic devices. As with most other metallic... (Review)
Review
Nitinol (NiTi), a nickel-titanium alloy, has been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and orthodontic devices. As with most other metallic biomaterials, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi are primarily determined by the properties of the surface oxide layer such as thickness, chemical composition, structure, uniformity, and stability. Currently, a number of finishing methods are used to improve the properties of surface oxide of NiTi with an ultimate goal to produce a defect-free, impurity-free, thin homogeneous oxide layer that is stable and composed of only titanium dioxide (TiO ) with negligible amount of Ni species. This review discusses the effects of various surface finishing methods such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, magnetoelectropolishing, heat treatments at different temperatures, passivation, chemical etching, boiling in water, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and sterilization techniques (steam autoclave, ethylene oxide, dry heat, peracetic acid, and plasma-based treatments) on the properties of a surface oxide layer and how it impacts the corrosion resistance of NiTi. Considering the findings of the literature review, a checklist has been provided to assist with choosing finishing/sterilization methods and relevant rationale and recommendations to consider when selecting a surface finishing process for NiTi used in implantable medical devices.
Topics: Alloys; Biocompatible Materials; Corrosion; Ethylene Oxide; Hydrogen Peroxide; Materials Testing; Oxides; Peracetic Acid; Prostheses and Implants; Steam; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35729868
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35112 -
Water Research Aug 2023Peracetic acid is an emerging oxidant and disinfectant for wastewater purification. In this study, we first developed a comprehensive and accurate model to elucidate the...
Peracetic acid is an emerging oxidant and disinfectant for wastewater purification. In this study, we first developed a comprehensive and accurate model to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and simulate reaction kinetics of peracetic acid (PAA, CHC(=O)OOH) activated by chloride (Cl) based on experimental results and literature. A diversity of experiments methods (e.g., quenching experiments, probe compounds degradation, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements) and kinetic modeling were used to determine the reactive species. As a result, carbon-centered radicals and free chlorine reactive species (Cl and HClO) were devoted to BPA degradation in the PAA/Cl system. The carbon-centered radicals CHC(=O)OO, CHC(=O)O, CHOO, and CH greatly accelerated BPA degradation with their corresponding kinetics of k = 2 × 10 M s, k = 2 × 10 M s, k = 2 × 10 M s and k = 2 × 10 M s. Dissolved Cl(l) species was also important for BPA degradation with k of 2 × 10 M s, much higher than HClO/ClO of k = 1.2 × 10 M s and k- = 9 × 10 M s. While free chlorine tends to transform BPA to estrogenic chlorinated organic products, the primary degradation of BPA by carbon-centered radicals results in chlorine-free products, reducing the production of disinfection byproducts during the treatment of saline wastewater. This study improves the knowledge of reaction kinetics and mechanism and reactive species generation in the PAA/Cl system.
Topics: Peracetic Acid; Chlorides; Kinetics; Carbon; Chlorine; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogen Peroxide
PubMed: 37406560
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120274