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International Journal of Food... Apr 2022This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and diversity of yeasts in frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) and assess the resistance of yeasts to peracetic acid. One...
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and diversity of yeasts in frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) and assess the resistance of yeasts to peracetic acid. One thousand five hundred (n = 1500) samples of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) were analyzed, and 280 yeast strains were isolated and identified. Candida represented 37% of all isolates, and the main species identified were Candida pseudointermedia and C. orthopsilosis. Other yeasts identified were Starmerella, Wickerhamiella, Wickerhamiella, Clavispora, Kodamaea, Meyerozyma, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon, Wickerhamomyces, Kluyveromyces, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, and Zygosaccharomyces. The exogenous origin of the contamination in FCOJ samples analyzed was shown by the high diversity, corroborated by the Simpson (D) and Shannon (H') indices. From a total of 227 yeasts strains tested, more than 20% were able to withstand peracetic acid concentrations >200 ppm, with emphasis on W. anomalus (300 ppm), W. sergipensis (350 ppm), C. rugopelliculosa (350 ppm), K. marxianus (450 ppm), C. parapsilosis (500 ppm), C. pseudointermedia (500 ppm), W. sorbosivorans (500 ppm), C. boleticola (600 ppm), S. cerevisiae (700 ppm) and C. orthopsilosis (750 ppm). This study adds novel data regarding the occurrence and diversity of yeasts present in FCOJ and their resistance to a chemical compound commonly employed in the sanitization of processing and distribution premises and vehicles. These findings are essential to support the development of measures for proper mitigation of contamination of orange juice towards reducing the risks of spoilage by yeasts during FCOJ transportation/storage or when FCOJ is used as an ingredient.
Topics: Citrus sinensis; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Peracetic Acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeasts; Zygosaccharomyces
PubMed: 35217292
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109589 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Sep 2021A review of African swine fever (ASF) was conducted, including manifestations of disease, its transmission and environmental persistence of ASF virus. Findings on... (Review)
Review
A review of African swine fever (ASF) was conducted, including manifestations of disease, its transmission and environmental persistence of ASF virus. Findings on infectious doses of contemporary highly-pathogenic strains isolated from outbreaks in Eastern Europe were included. Published data on disinfectant susceptibility of ASF virus were then compared with similar findings for selected other infectious agents, principally those used in the UK disinfectant approvals tests relating to relevant Disease Orders for the control of notifiable and zoonotic diseases of livestock. These are: swine vesicular disease virus, foot and mouth disease virus, Newcastle disease virus and serovar Enteritidis. The comparative data thus obtained, presented in a series of charts, facilitated estimates of efficacy against ASF virus for some UK approved disinfectants when applied at their respective General Orders concentrations. Substantial data gaps were encountered for several disinfectant agents or classes, including peracetic acid, quaternary ammonium compounds and products based on phenols and cresols.
Topics: African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Europe, Eastern; Swine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 34477547
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001410 -
Water Research Apr 2023As an oxidant, peracetic acid (PAA) is gradually applied in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for pollutants degradation due to its high oxidation and low toxicity. In...
As an oxidant, peracetic acid (PAA) is gradually applied in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for pollutants degradation due to its high oxidation and low toxicity. In this study, the prepared CoFe-LDH showed excellent PAA activation ability for efficient degradation of various pharmaceuticals with a removal efficiency ranging from 82.3% to 100%. Taking sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model pharmaceutical, it's found that organic radical (R-O) with high concentration of 5.27 × 10 M is the dominant ROS responsible for contaminants degradation. Further analysis demonstrated that bimetallic synergistic effect between Co and Fe can improve electron transfer ability of CoFe-LDH, resulting in the accelerated conversion of Co from +3 to +2 valence state with a high reaction rate (4.3 × 10-1.483 × 10 M s) in this system. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that C1, C3, C5 and N11 with higher ƒ and ƒvalues concentrated on aniline group of SMX are the main attack sites, which is consistent with the results of degradation products. Besides, CoFe-LDH/PAA system can effectively reduce biological toxicity after reaction, due to lower biotoxicity of degradation products and the carbon sources provided by PAA. In application, CoFe-LDH/PAA system was capable of resisting the influence of water matrix and effectively removing pollutants in actual hospital wastewater. Importantly, this study comprehensively evaluated the ability of CoFe-LDH/PAA system to remove organics and improve the biodegradability of actual hospital wastewater, providing guidance for application of PAA activation system.
Topics: Peracetic Acid; Wastewater; Hydrogen Peroxide; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Sulfamethoxazole; Oxidation-Reduction; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36731206
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119666 -
Chemosphere Jan 2022In this study, a multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of peracetic acid (PAA) and coexistent hydrogen peroxide (HO) was presented....
Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of peracetic acid and the coexistent hydrogen peroxide via oxidative coloration of ABTS with the assistance of Fe and KI.
In this study, a multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of peracetic acid (PAA) and coexistent hydrogen peroxide (HO) was presented. This method was based on the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) with the assistance of Fe/KI to produce a stable green radical (ABTS), which could be determined at four characteristic peaks (i.e., 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm). The absorbances of ABTS at four peaks were well linear (R > 0.999) with concentrations of both total peroxides (PAA + HO) and PAA in the range of 0-40 μM under optimized conditions. The sensitivities for determining total peroxides at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were determined to be 4.248 × 10 M cm, 1.682 × 10 M cm, 2.132 × 10 M cm, and 1.928 × 10 M cm, respectively. For determining PAA, the corresponding sensitivities were 4.622 × 10 M cm, 1.895 × 10 M cm, 2.394 × 10 M cm and 2.153 × 10 M cm, respectively. The concentration of coexistent HO was gained by deducting PAA concentration from total peroxides concentration. The ABTS method was accurate enough to determine PAA concentration in natural water samples. Moreover, the ABTS method was successfully used to determine the changes of PAA and coexistent HO and to distinguish their role on naproxen degradation in heat-activated PAA process. Overall, the ABTS method could be used as an alternative method for the convenient, rapid and sensitive determination of PAA and the coexistent HO in water samples.
Topics: Benzothiazoles; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Peracetic Acid; Sulfonic Acids
PubMed: 34826929
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132242 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021and cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among these, patients undergoing hemodialysis are highly susceptible to...
and cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among these, patients undergoing hemodialysis are highly susceptible to infections, requiring a constant and adequate environmental disinfection program. Nevertheless, monitoring the residual disinfectants can contribute to the morbidity and mortality reduction in these patients. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility of spp. (n=19) and spp. (n=13) environmental isolates against disinfectants (acetic acid, citric acid, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium metabisulphite) at different concentrations and time exposures. Also, we investigated the toxicity of the peracetic acid residual concentration in mice. isolates were identified by , and while presented clinically relevant species (, and ) and environmental ones. Against planktonic cells, only two disinfectants (acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite) showed a fungicidal effect on spp., while only one (sodium hypochlorite) was effective against spp. Both fungi formed robust biofilms with large amounts of the extracellular matrix, as evidenced by electron micrographs. Exposure of fungal biofilms to disinfectants showed sensitivity to three (acetic, citric, and peracetic acids), although the concentrations and times of exposure varied according to the fungal genus. Mice exposure to the residual dose of peracetic acid during 60 weeks showed anatomopathological, hematological, and biochemical changes. The implementation of news control measures and those that already exist can help reduce infections, the second cause of death and morbidity in these patients, besides providing safety and well-being to them, a priority of any quality health program.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Biofilms; Disinfectants; Fusarium; Humans; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peracetic Acid; Plankton; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 33996634
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663741 -
Water Research Jul 2022Endowing ceramic membrane (CM) catalytic reactivity can enhance membrane fouling control in the aid of in situ oxidation process. Peracetic acid (PAA) oxidant holds...
Endowing ceramic membrane (CM) catalytic reactivity can enhance membrane fouling control in the aid of in situ oxidation process. Peracetic acid (PAA) oxidant holds great prospect to integrate with CM for membrane fouling control, owing to the prominent advantages of high oxidation efficacy and easy activation. Herein, this study, for the first time, presented a PAA/CM catalytic filtration system achieving highly-efficient protein fouling alleviation. A FeOCl functionalized CM (FeOCl-CM) was synthesized, possessing high hydrophilicity, low surface roughness, and highly-efficient activation towards PAA oxidation. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model protein foulant, the PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic filtration notably alleviated fouling occurring in both membrane pores and surface, and halved the flux reduction degree as compared with the conventional CM filtration. The PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic oxidation allows quick and complete disintegration of BSA particles, via the breakage of the amide I and II bands and the ring opening of the aromatic amino acids (e.g., Tryptophan, Tyrosine). In-depth investigation revealed that the in situ generated OH and O were the key reactive species towards BSA degradation during catalytic filtration, while the organic radical oxidation and the direct electron transfer pathway from BSA to PAA via FeOCl-CM played minor roles. Overall, our findings highlight a new PAA/CM catalytic filtration strategy for achieving highly-efficient membrane fouling control and provide an understanding of the integrated PAA catalytic oxidation - membrane filtration behaviors.
Topics: Ceramics; Filtration; Membranes, Artificial; Peracetic Acid; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Water Purification
PubMed: 35687976
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118710 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry May 2022Traditional ultrasound (US)-assisted disinfection is only effective during washing. Coating is an effective method to control microbial growth after washing; however,...
Combination of ultrasound-peracetic acid washing and ultrasound-assisted aerosolized ascorbic acid: A novel rinsing-free disinfection method that improves the antibacterial and antioxidant activities in cherry tomato.
Traditional ultrasound (US)-assisted disinfection is only effective during washing. Coating is an effective method to control microbial growth after washing; however, cross-contamination can occur during immersion in the coating aqueous solution. Tap water (TW) rinsing is generally used to remove sanitizer residues after US-assisted washing; however, the Food and Drug Administration stated that rinsing is unnecessary when the peracetic acid (PAA) concentration does not exceed 80 ppm. In this study, we proposed a novel US-assisted hurdle technology of 80 ppm PAA combined with low-frequency US (25 kHz) during washing, followed by US-assisted aerosolization processing (nonimmersion coating). Ascorbic acid (AA), a safe and low-cost agent, was selected as the aerosolization solution. Cherry tomatoes were selected as the model, and the proposed method was compared with traditional US-assisted disinfection methods (US-10 ppm free chlorine washing + TW rinsing and US-5 ppm chlorine dioxide washing + TW rinsing) to analyze the disinfection efficacy and quality changes. During storage, US-PAA + 1%AA facilitated additional 0.7-0.9, 0.6-0.8, 0.7-1.0, and 0.5-1.0 log CFU/g reductions in the counts of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, aerobic mesophilic counts, and molds and yeasts, respectively, as compared with traditional US-assisted methods. Sensory properties, color index, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and weight loss were not negatively affected by any of the treatments. Firmness was slightly reduced after all treatments; however, the firmness of the samples was maintained during storage, in contrast with the decreased firmness observed in the control. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity significantly increased after all treatments. Further analysis of two key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) involved in phenolic synthesis showed that their levels significantly increased following all treatments, leading to an increase in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This result also indicated that US-assisted washing could act as an abiotic elicitor to increase nutritional content. Overall, US-PAA + 1%AA treatment served as an effective method for disinfecting produce during washing and for controlling microbial growth after washing without prolonging the processing time, which is an advantage over traditional US-assisted washing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Colony Count, Microbial; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Peracetic Acid; Water
PubMed: 35405541
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106001 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Jan 2023Disinfection is one of the most effective ways to block the rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the prolonged...
BACKGROUND
Disinfection is one of the most effective ways to block the rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, disinfectants have become crucial to prevent person-to-person transmission and decontaminate hands, clothes, facilities and equipment. However, there is a lack of accurate information on the virucidal activity of commercial disinfectants.
AIM
To evaluate the virucidal efficacy of 72 commercially available disinfectants constituting 16 types of ingredients against SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS
SARS-CoV-2 was tested with various concentrations of disinfectants at indicated exposure time points as recommended by the manufacturers. The 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay was used to calculate virus titre, and trypan blue staining and CCK-8 were used to assess cell viability after 3-5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FINDINGS
This study found that disinfectants based on 83% ethanol, 60% propanol/ethanol, 0.00108-0.0011% sodium dichloroisocyanurate and 0.497% potassium peroxymonosulfate inactivated SARS-CoV-2 effectively and safely. Although disinfectants based on 0.05-0.4% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.02-0.07% quaternary ammonium compound (QAC; 1:1), 0.4% BAC/didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), 0.28% benzethonium chloride concentrate/2-propanol, 0.0205-0.14% DDAC/polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide inactivated SARS-CoV-2 effectively, they exhibited cytotoxicity. Conversely, disinfectants based on 0.04-4% QAC (2:3), 0.00625% BAC/DDAC/PHMB, and 0.0205-0.14% and 0.0173% peracetic acid showed approximately 50% virucidal efficacy with no cytotoxicity. Citric acid (0.4%) did not inactivate SARS-CoV-2.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that most commercially available disinfectants exert a disinfectant effect against SARS-CoV-2. However, re-evaluation of the effective concentration and exposure time of certain disinfectants is needed, especially citric acid and peracetic acid.
Topics: Humans; Disinfectants; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Peracetic Acid; Benzalkonium Compounds; Ethanol
PubMed: 36183929
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.011 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Aug 2022This study evaluated the effect of irrigation protocols using 95% ethanol (ET) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) prior the use of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) compared to distilled...
This study evaluated the effect of irrigation protocols using 95% ethanol (ET) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) prior the use of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) compared to distilled water (DW) on the chemical smear layer (CSL) formation and incidence of open dentin tubules at the apical, medium, and cervical third of the post-space dentin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images were used. Forty bovine roots were endodontically treated. After, post-space preparation was performed and the roots were randomized in four groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation protocol: DW, CHX, CHX-ET and CHX-PA. The chemical composition of CSL and the incidence of open dentin tubules at the post-space thirds were evaluated by EDS (500× magnification) and SEM (2000× magnification) images, respectively. Data from chemical composition of CSL were descriptively analyzed, while the incidence of open dentin tubules was evaluated by scores and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (p = .05). Cl, Bi, and Si were the chemical elements most found over the dentin after the irrigation with CHX and CHX-ET. Moreover, CHX and CHX-ET showed the highest incidence of CSL (p < .05), but without difference between them (p > .05), regardless of the post-space third. DW and CHX-PA showed similar incidence of CSL (p > .05). No difference on the incidence of open dentin tubules was found for any irrigation protocol and post-space third (p > .05). The use of 1% PA prior the post-space irrigation with CHX decrease the incidence of CSL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The post-space irrigation with chlorhexidine results in the formation of chemical smear layer. Ethanol is not capable to remove the chemical smear layer. Peracetic acid is more effective to remove the chemical smear layer.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Ethanol; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peracetic Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Smear Layer; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 35535716
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24149 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Nov 2022Cellulose nanofibrils are typically prepared from high-purity bleached pulp through harsh chemical treatments (e.g., TEMPO oxidation), resulting in high costs and...
Cellulose nanofibrils are typically prepared from high-purity bleached pulp through harsh chemical treatments (e.g., TEMPO oxidation), resulting in high costs and environmental impact. In this work, we utilize inexpensive wheat straw feedstock and alkaline peroxide pulping followed by mild peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment to produce lignocellulosic nanomaterials (nano and microfibrils) with potential bioplastics applications. PAA was chosen due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and high reaction selectivity. As-synthesized lignocellulosic nanomaterials were thoroughly characterized and compared to nanofibrils produced via TEMPO oxidation pretreatment and then applied as reinforcing agents in plastic composites. A remarkable case of simultaneous strengthening and toughening of the polymer nanocomposite was achieved with high specific tensile strength (up to 59.5 MPa g cm), elastic modulus (up to 2.6 GPa g cm), and fracture strain (up to 138 %). This work is a comprehensive investigation of all process steps involved in lignocellulosic nanomaterials production, from original residue feedstock to final product application.
Topics: Lignin; Nanostructures; Peracetic Acid; Plastics; Triticum
PubMed: 35988980
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119857