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Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jun 2023A description of the meaning and terminology as well as population estimates of nonbinary gender identities is given. Respectful use of language, names and pronouns of... (Review)
Review
A description of the meaning and terminology as well as population estimates of nonbinary gender identities is given. Respectful use of language, names and pronouns of people who identify as nonbinary is discussed. The chapter further includes the need for access to gender-affirming care and barriers to care; gender-affirming medical treatment interventions, including hormone treatment, speech and language therapy, hair removal and surgeries for bodies assigned female at birth (AFAB) and for bodies assigned male at birth (AMAB); and the importance of fertility preservation for this specific patient population.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Male; Female; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Fertility Preservation
PubMed: 37211486
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102338 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2022The present chapter reviews the body of knowledge acquired so far about the role of the temporal lobe in representing and processing proper names and individual identity... (Review)
Review
The present chapter reviews the body of knowledge acquired so far about the role of the temporal lobe in representing and processing proper names and individual identity information. This body of knowledge has been collected with the contribution of several methodologies, including neuroimaging, electrophysiological techniques, and, critically, clinical observations. All this evidence converges in showing that proper names and related information are processed in at least partially independent neural networks mainly placed in the anterior areas of the left temporal lobe. A description of the properties distinguishing proper names from common names is provided. These properties, it will be claimed, made a different anatomical organization necessary and, possibly, determined the evolution of the brain to support this advantageous distinction in meeting environmental demands.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Names; Neuroimaging; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 35964978
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823493-8.00008-0 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Nov 2023Thoracic reassignment surgeries are the most common gender reassignment surgeries. They represent the first and sometimes the only step in the reassignment process for...
Thoracic reassignment surgeries are the most common gender reassignment surgeries. They represent the first and sometimes the only step in the reassignment process for transgender patients. Surgical techniques for thoracic reassignment derive from those used for the cisgender population and are accessible to plastic surgeons who do not usually treat transgender patients. On the other hand, there are some anatomical differences between men and women that they should understand, for instance, the positioning of the neo-NAC, the neo-inframammary fold and the scars. It is therefore important to understand these anatomical differences in order to optimize the cosmetic results of these surgeries so that they correspond to the expectations of these patients. In addition, the plastic surgeon will also have to be careful to adapt his approach to the relational level, with these patients, such as avoiding misgendering or using the "dead name". Finally, even if these operations are theoretically covered at 100% by the French health insurance, a request for prior agreement may be required in certain cases.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Transsexualism; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 37596145
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2023.07.008 -
Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.) Dec 2021This postscript to the issue is a series of reflections by Dorothy Pringle, the previous editor-in-chief, on the contributions Lynn Nagle has made as editor-in-chief of...
This postscript to the issue is a series of reflections by Dorothy Pringle, the previous editor-in-chief, on the contributions Lynn Nagle has made as editor-in-chief of the Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership over the past 11 years and the richness of the perspectives of the authors of the 18 invited papers. The author also reflects on the contrast between the amount of attention and accolades nurses as care providers have received during the pandemic while having few, if any, nurses emerge as spokespeople or interpreters of the nursing roles and the contributions that nurses have made. Unlike other disciplines and despite their contributions, we have not learned the names of any nursing experts.
Topics: Canada; Humans; Leadership; Nurse's Role
PubMed: 35039134
DOI: 10.12927/cjnl.2021.26674 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior May 2022People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific...
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study's purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially challenging for non-binary individuals because it has many gender markers. To avoid using gendered forms, they often use a specific form of passive voice. In an experiment, participants (N = 130, 102 women, 28 men) read a gendered (feminine or masculine) text and a gender-neutral text with passive voice. Most gave a masculine name to the person in the neutral text, but addressed them in a gender-neutral way when asked to react to them in presented scenarios. The gender-neutral text was evaluated as being less comprehensible than the gendered texts, and the non-binary person was rated less competent and colder than a man or a woman and was less socially accepted. Furthermore, the negative evaluation of non-binary people seemed to be attributable to unfamiliarity with gender-neutral language and its lower comprehensibility. More research is needed to understand these perceptions better and to be able to prevent their potential negative consequences.
Topics: Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Language; Male; Social Perception; Voice
PubMed: 35467171
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02234-y -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Sep 2020Vitriolage (acid attack) involves an intentional act of violence in which any corrosive is thrown onto the face and body of a person with the intention of disfiguring... (Review)
Review
Vitriolage (acid attack) involves an intentional act of violence in which any corrosive is thrown onto the face and body of a person with the intention of disfiguring them. The most common type of corrosive used in these attacks is sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) hence the name "vitriolage". Sulfuric acid is a strong acid/corrosive and has a toxic nature that is capable of causing bodily injuries leading to damage to mucous membranes, tissues and skin with blindness, burning, and scars often leading to significant disfigurement with temporary or permanent disability. The main reasons for acid attacks are marriage refusal, rejection of love proposals, dowry issues and male aggression. Acid attacks have horrendous physical, social, psychological and economic effects on victims. This review will delineate the various legal provisions relating to acid attacks with special reference to the recent Indian Criminal Law Amendment Act of 2013 which addressed the issue of these attacks specifically by making it a separate offence in the Indian Penal Code under sections 326 A and B. The Bangladesh Acid Offences Prevention Act 2002 and Acid Crime Control Act, 2002, and legislation and policies combating acid attacks in Cambodia, Nepal and Pakistan will also be mentioned. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of the judiciary in South Asia by focusing on other landmark judgments and decisions and throw light on the campaign in India namely "Stop Sale Acid" aimed at stopping the unrestricted sale of acid. Finally, further suggestions are proposed to assist in combating this heinous crime.
Topics: Blindness; Burns, Chemical; Cicatrix; Crime Victims; Disabled Persons; Facial Injuries; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Internationality; Motivation; Physical Abuse; Sulfuric Acids
PubMed: 32304016
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00230-7 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However,... (Review)
Review
Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However, many eponyms have come under scrutiny given the personal backgrounds of individuals for whom they intend to honor. As we previously reviewed commonly used eponyms in medical oncology, we now aim to review commonly used eponyms in malignant hematology in order to highlight the individuals for whom they are named after. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of each disease, epidemiology, and the historical background for the individual or individuals for which the eponym honors.
Topics: Eponyms; Hematology; Humans
PubMed: 35835706
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100594 -
Cognition Jan 2022Picture name agreement is commonly used as both a control variable and independent variable in studies of language production. It describes the proportion of...
Picture name agreement is commonly used as both a control variable and independent variable in studies of language production. It describes the proportion of participants who volunteer a picture's modal name in a norming study-a population-level descriptor-but researchers often assume that name agreement also indexes cognitive processes that occur within individuals. For instance, if norms show that 50% of speakers name a picture as couch, then each time a person tries to name the picture, they might have a 50% chance of selecting couch. An alternative, however, is that name agreement may simply reflect population-level sampling of more stable individual preferences (e.g., 50% of speakers prefer the name couch), continually developed through experience. One way to distinguish between these possibilities - and assess the psychological reality of name agreement - is simply to re-norm pictures with the same individuals. In Experiment 1, we therefore collected timed naming norms for a large set of line drawings from the same 25 native British English speakers twice, 1-2 weeks apart. Results show participants' name choices in Session 2 are jointly predicted by population-level name agreement, from our previous norms, and individuals' own productions in Session 1. Experiment 2 replicated this result and further showed that prior selections predicted Session 3 outcomes better than those in Session 2, in line with an incremental learning account. This is the first direct demonstration that picture name agreement has some psychological validity, but also reveals that it does not directly index within-participant lexical competition as previously assumed.
Topics: Humans; Language; Learning; Names; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 34798508
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104947 -
Revue Neurologique Mar 2022Guillain-Barré Syndrome, (GBS), is a popular eponym that comes from a paper written in 1916 by Doctors. Guillain, Barré, and Strohl. Its spectrum has been enlarged... (Review)
Review
Guillain-Barré Syndrome, (GBS), is a popular eponym that comes from a paper written in 1916 by Doctors. Guillain, Barré, and Strohl. Its spectrum has been enlarged considerably since the first description of it. Jean Alexandre Barré was a French neurologist, whose name is still widely associated with that of Georges Guillain, (1876-1961). He is also known for the leg manoeuvre. As Joseph Babinski's brilliant student, (1857-1932), we wanted to briefly retrace his biography in order to highlight some of the salient points within it and subjects that are topical for young neurologists today.
Topics: Eponyms; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neurologists; Neurology; Students
PubMed: 34711423
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.05.013 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Dec 2020Gender affirmation surgery is increasingly prevalent; however, finding a surgeon continues to be difficult. Additionally, the majority of transgender patients utilize... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gender affirmation surgery is increasingly prevalent; however, finding a surgeon continues to be difficult. Additionally, the majority of transgender patients utilize the internet for information before elective surgery. Therefore, it is imperative to explore potential online barriers in finding a gender affirming surgeon.
AIMS
The authors sought to use the Internet to search for gender affirming surgeons practicing in the USA, and therefore, reflect the process that patients potentially undergo. We highlight the barriers to information and care that we encountered.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive review of public online transgender surgery directories for currently practicing surgeons that provide facial feminization, facial masculinization, breast augmentation, chest masculinization, vaginoplasty, metoidioplasty, and/or phalloplasty in the USA. Each surgeon's name, surgical specialty, the current practice's name, state, and zip code, and procedures provided were recorded. Chi-square analysis was used for comparisons of categorical variables.
RESULTS
There are currently 660 gender affirmation surgeons in the USA, with most specializing in plastic surgery, followed by otolaryngology and urology. In total, 30.5% of surgeons practice in the West, 25.6% in the Northeast, 25.3% in the South, and 18.6% in the Midwest. The most common surgery provided was chest masculinization (70.2%), followed by facial feminization (42.7%) and chest feminization (42.6%).
CONCLUSION
Plastic surgeons are most likely to perform gender affirmation surgery compared to other specialties. Geographic distribution of surgeons, does not, however, match the distribution of patients. Additionally, we encountered significant hardship in confirming that a surgeon performs the procedure listed in their profile on popular online gender affirmation surgeon directories.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
V.
Topics: Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Surgeons; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 32696165
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01883-z