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Families, Systems & Health : the... Mar 2021In this brief article, the author states that beyond her family context, she has come to rec ognize the privilege and responsibility she has as a provider and an...
In this brief article, the author states that beyond her family context, she has come to rec ognize the privilege and responsibility she has as a provider and an educator to promote inclusivity. When she meets a new patient or a new learner, particu larly those from different linguistic backgrounds than her own, she acknowledges that it may be hard for her to say their name, placing the burden to practice and be open to correction on herself. Some might argue names are trivial-what does it matter if someone pronounces your name cor rectly?-but we know it's not. Our names are one way we become visible or invisible to those around us. When we ask someone if we can call them something other than their name, we are communi cating (oftentimes, inadvertently) that their name is not worth the effort, that there is something wrong with it, something wrong with them. We have a responsibility to engage in culturally and lin guistically congruent practices and an obliga tion to model what it means to treat our learners and patients with dignity, starting with saying their names. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Communication Barriers; Emigrants and Immigrants; Humans; Names
PubMed: 34014738
DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000588 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Preliminary research based on everyday observations suggests that there are people, who experience severe fear when addressing others with their personal names. The aim...
INTRODUCTION
Preliminary research based on everyday observations suggests that there are people, who experience severe fear when addressing others with their personal names. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which this hitherto little-known psychological phenomenon really exists and to investigate its characteristic features, considering the everyday experience of not being able to use names and its impact on affected individuals and their social interactions and relationships.
METHODS
In this mixed-methods study based on semi-structured interviews and psychometric testing, 13 affected female participants were interviewed and evaluated using self-report measures of social anxiety, attachment-related vulnerability, and general personality traits. An inductive content analysis and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.
RESULTS
Our findings show that affected individuals experience psychological distress and a variety of negative emotions in situations in which addressing others with their name is intended, resulting in avoidance behavior, impaired social interactions, and a reduced quality of affected relationships.
DISCUSSION
The behavior can affect all relationships and all forms of communication and is strongly linked to social anxiety and insecure attachment. We propose calling this phenomenon , meaning "no words for names".
PubMed: 37020910
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129272 -
Contraception Jun 2021Describe the array of gender identities among procedural abortion patients.
OBJECTIVE
Describe the array of gender identities among procedural abortion patients.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey of abortion patients in three clinics in Massachusetts. Following aspiration abortion procedures and prior to discharge, patients self-administered a survey on a tablet.
RESULTS
From November 2017 through July 2018, 1,553 aspiration abortion patients completed the survey (participation rate: 82%). Patients reported several gender identities. Non-binary (0.4%) and agender (0.4%) were the most common identities after female (91.1%) and woman (6.0%). Overall, 2.7% of patients identified as a gender other than female or woman.
CONCLUSION
Aspiration abortion patients have a variety of gender identities. To promote quality of care for all patients, abortion providers can ensure their names, marketing materials, patient forms, and clinical environments are gender inclusive rather than focusing on women's health.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Massachusetts; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33545129
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.01.013 -
Cognition Jul 2020Successfully learning and remembering people's names is a challenging memory task for adults of all ages, and this already difficult social skill worsens with age, even... (Review)
Review
Successfully learning and remembering people's names is a challenging memory task for adults of all ages, and this already difficult social skill worsens with age, even in normative "healthy" aging. The own-age bias, a type of in-group bias, could affect the difficulty of this task across age. Past evidence supports an own-age bias in face processing, wherein individuals preferably attend to and better recognize faces of members of their own age group. However, the own-age bias has not been examined previously in relation to explicit face-name associative encoding and subsequent name retrieval, despite the importance of this social skill. Using behavioral and eye-tracking methodology, this cross-sectional research investigated the own-age bias for name memory (recognition and recall) and visual attention (fixation count, looking time, and normalized pupil size) when learning novel face-name pairs. Younger adult (n = 90) and older adult (n = 84) participants completed a face-name association task that tested name memory for younger and older female and male faces, while eye-tracking data were recorded. The visual attention variables taken from the eye-tracking data showed significant age-of-face effects at both encoding and retrieval, but no overall own-age bias in attention. Both younger and older participants showed an own-age bias in name recall with better memory for names paired with faces of their own age, as compared to other-aged faces. This cross-over effect for name memory suggests that memory for information with high social and affective relevance to the individual may be relatively spared in aging, despite overall age-related declines in memory performance.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Mental Recall; Names; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 32192981
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104253 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2021Several theories posit that creative people are able to generate more divergent ideas. If this is correct, simply naming unrelated words and then measuring the semantic...
Several theories posit that creative people are able to generate more divergent ideas. If this is correct, simply naming unrelated words and then measuring the semantic distance between them could serve as an objective measure of divergent thinking. To test this hypothesis, we asked 8,914 participants to name 10 words that are as different from each other as possible. A computational algorithm then estimated the average semantic distance between the words; related words (e.g., cat and dog) have shorter distances than unrelated ones (e.g., cat and thimble). We predicted that people producing greater semantic distances would also score higher on traditional creativity measures. In Study 1, we found moderate to strong correlations between semantic distance and two widely used creativity measures (the Alternative Uses Task and the Bridge-the-Associative-Gap Task). In Study 2, with participants from 98 countries, semantic distances varied only slightly by basic demographic variables. There was also a positive correlation between semantic distance and performance on a range of problems known to predict creativity. Overall, semantic distance correlated at least as strongly with established creativity measures as those measures did with each other. Naming unrelated words in what we call the Divergent Association Task can thus serve as a brief, reliable, and objective measure of divergent thinking.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Creativity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Semantics; Task Performance and Analysis; Thinking; Young Adult
PubMed: 34140408
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022340118 -
AMA Journal of Ethics Jun 2023Over the past decade, ways of defining self in relation to gender identity and forms of expression have widely expanded. Along with this expansion of identifying...
Over the past decade, ways of defining self in relation to gender identity and forms of expression have widely expanded. Along with this expansion of identifying language, there has been an increase in medical professionals and clinics specializing in providing gender care. Yet many barriers to providing this care still exist for clinicians-including their comfort with and knowledge about collecting and retaining a patient's demographic information, respecting the name and pronouns a patient goes by, and providing overall ethical care. This article shares one transgender person's numerous health care encounters over 20 years as both a patient and a professional.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Transgender Persons; Gender Identity; Health Personnel; Patients
PubMed: 37285300
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.452 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Dec 2022This article addresses the relationship of governmental laws and regulations and private sector policies to nurse practice. Integration of the policy process in nurse... (Review)
Review
This article addresses the relationship of governmental laws and regulations and private sector policies to nurse practice. Integration of the policy process in nurse education curricula is discussed in relationship to the potential to effect sustainable, equitable policy change and prepare nurses who are ready to assume leadership roles. Nurse input in the selection, use, and evaluation of technology in education, practice, and policy is framed within the leadership role of the basic and advanced nurse.
Topics: Humans; Leadership; Curriculum; Technology; Policy; Nurse's Role
PubMed: 36280300
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2022.06.010 -
Psychological Reports Jun 2020Three experiments investigated a common but intriguing phenomenon, that is, repeated personal name confusion, a phenomenon at the border between language and memory. The...
Three experiments investigated a common but intriguing phenomenon, that is, repeated personal name confusion, a phenomenon at the border between language and memory. The purpose of those experiments was to evaluate the impact of the semantic and phonological similarities on name confusion and to compare repeated naming confusions (i.e., repeatedly confounding two names) with single confusions (i.e., confounding two names only once) in a same experimental paradigm. In all experiments, participants (64 middle-aged participants for each experiment) were asked to memorize the association between 16 names and 16 faces (face-name learning task). In Experiments 1 and 2, the two studied variables were the phonological similarity between the confused names and the semantic similarity between the two bearers of the confused names (using a visually derived semantic code in Experiment 1 and an identity-specific semantic code in Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the impact of those two semantic similarities between the bearers of the confused names was taken into account, whereas the phonological similarity was not taken into account. First, results showed a main effect of the phonological and semantic similarity on name confusion (more confusions when the names were phonologically related or when the bearers of the names were semantically related). Second, we found that (1) the combination of the phonological and the semantic similarity and (2) the combination of the two semantic similarities led to an increase of name confusions. Third, in the three experiments, we found that the semantic and phonological similarities had a similar impact on repeated and single confusions. Finally, results showed that participants always made more single than repeated confusions, except in the case when the bearers of the confused names shared two semantic features.
Topics: Adult; Association Learning; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Names; Phonetics; Psycholinguistics; Semantics
PubMed: 30663517
DOI: 10.1177/0033294118825098 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession...
We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession because they are processed differently in the brain. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies associate the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATL) in the retrieval of proper names and other person-related knowledge. Specifically, recalling a person's name is thought to be supported by the left ATL, whereas recalling specific information such as a person's occupation is suggested to be subserved by the right ATL. To clarify and further explore the causal relationship between both ATLs and proper name retrieval, we stimulated these regions with anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) while the participants memorized surnames (e.g., Mr. Baker) and professions (e.g., baker) presented with a person's face. The participants were then later asked to recall the surname and the profession. Left ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher intrusion errors for surnames than sham, whereas right ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher overall intrusion errors, both, surnames and professions, compared to cathodal stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of the left and right ATL had no significant effect on surname and profession recall. The results indicate that the left ATL plays a role in recalling proper names. On the other hand, the specific role of the right ATL remaines to be explored.
Topics: Face; Humans; Mental Recall; Names; Temporal Lobe; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 35388106
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09781-x -
BMJ Health & Care Informatics Dec 2021Different stakeholders may hold varying attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare, which may constrain their acceptance if AI developers... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Different stakeholders may hold varying attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare, which may constrain their acceptance if AI developers fail to take them into account. We set out to ascertain evidence of the attitudes of clinicians, consumers, managers, researchers, regulators and industry towards AI applications in healthcare.
METHODS
We undertook an exploratory analysis of articles whose titles or abstracts contained the terms 'artificial intelligence' or 'AI' and 'medical' or 'healthcare' and 'attitudes', 'perceptions', 'opinions', 'views', 'expectations'. Using a snowballing strategy, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published 1 January 2010 through 31 May 2021. We selected articles relating to non-robotic clinician-facing AI applications used to support healthcare-related tasks or decision-making.
RESULTS
Across 27 studies, attitudes towards AI applications in healthcare, in general, were positive, more so for those with direct experience of AI, but provided certain safeguards were met. AI applications which automated data interpretation and synthesis were regarded more favourably by clinicians and consumers than those that directly influenced clinical decisions or potentially impacted clinician-patient relationships. Privacy breaches and personal liability for AI-related error worried clinicians, while loss of clinician oversight and inability to fully share in decision-making worried consumers. Both clinicians and consumers wanted AI-generated advice to be trustworthy, while industry groups emphasised AI benefits and wanted more data, funding and regulatory certainty.
DISCUSSION
Certain expectations of AI applications were common to many stakeholder groups from which a set of dependencies can be defined.
CONCLUSION
Stakeholders differ in some but not all of their attitudes towards AI. Those developing and implementing applications should consider policies and processes that bridge attitudinal disconnects between different stakeholders.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Attitude; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Names
PubMed: 34887331
DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100450