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Biomolecules Mar 2021Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture... (Review)
Review
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism, or directly by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation or activity, or through becoming part of the bone mineral matrix. This study analyzes the skeletal impact of macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), microelements (fluorine), and heavy metals (lead), and discusses the concentration of each of these elements in the various bone tissues.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Fluorine; Humans; Lead; Magnesium; Phosphorus
PubMed: 33800689
DOI: 10.3390/biom11040506 -
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Jun 2021Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phosphorus; Plant Roots
PubMed: 33710755
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090 -
Nature Jun 2023Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient that is thought to control oceanic oxygen levels to a large extent. A possible increase in marine phosphorus concentrations during the...
Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient that is thought to control oceanic oxygen levels to a large extent. A possible increase in marine phosphorus concentrations during the Ediacaran Period (about 635-539 million years ago) has been proposed as a driver for increasing oxygen levels. However, little is known about the nature and evolution of phosphorus cycling during this time. Here we use carbonate-associated phosphate (CAP) from six globally distributed sections to reconstruct oceanic phosphorus concentrations during a large negative carbon-isotope excursion-the Shuram excursion (SE)-which co-occurred with global oceanic oxygenation. Our data suggest pulsed increases in oceanic phosphorus concentrations during the falling and rising limbs of the SE. Using a quantitative biogeochemical model, we propose that this observation could be explained by carbon dioxide and phosphorus release from marine organic-matter oxidation primarily by sulfate, with further phosphorus release from carbon-dioxide-driven weathering on land. Collectively, this may have resulted in elevated organic-pyrite burial and ocean oxygenation. Our CAP data also seem to suggest equivalent oceanic phosphorus concentrations under maximum and minimum extents of ocean anoxia across the SE. This observation may reflect decoupled phosphorus and ocean anoxia cycles, as opposed to their coupled nature in the modern ocean. Our findings point to external stimuli such as sulfate weathering rather than internal oceanic phosphorus-oxygen cycling alone as a possible control on oceanic oxygenation in the Ediacaran. In turn, this may help explain the prolonged rise of atmospheric oxygen levels.
Topics: Atmosphere; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Geologic Sediments; History, Ancient; Hypoxia; Oceans and Seas; Oxygen; Phosphorus; Seawater; Sulfates; Carbonates; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37258677
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06077-6 -
Trends in Biotechnology Nov 2020The increasing use and associated loss of phosphorus to the environment pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Technology for phosphorus removal based on microbial aggregates... (Review)
Review
The increasing use and associated loss of phosphorus to the environment pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Technology for phosphorus removal based on microbial aggregates is a natural, ecologically widespread, and sustainable reclamation strategy. Two main processes dominate phosphorus removal by microbial aggregates: extra- and intra-cellular entrapment. Extracellular phosphorus entrapment relies on extracellular polymeric substances, while intracellular entrapment uses a wider variety of phosphorus-entrapping mechanisms. In microbial aggregates, microalgae-bacteria interactions, quorum sensing, and acclimation can enhance phosphorus removal. Based on these insights, we propose novel avenues for entrapping phosphorus using ecological and genetic engineering, manipulated interactions, and integrated processes to create phosphorus removal technology mediated by microbial aggregates.
Topics: Bacteria; Microalgae; Phosphorus; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 32307119
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.012 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2020Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient for all microalgal species, and the main form of uptake is orthophosphate (PO). In this chapter we present a colorimetric method for...
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient for all microalgal species, and the main form of uptake is orthophosphate (PO). In this chapter we present a colorimetric method for determining the PO concentration and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) based on total phosphorus (TP) measurements. We also describe a method for determining particulate organic phosphorus (POP) based on the same principles.
Topics: Inorganic Chemicals; Organic Chemicals; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Solubility
PubMed: 29159727
DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_104 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Dec 2023Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of... (Review)
Review
Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antibacterial agents. Recently, the use of phosphorus in antibacterial agents has been explored in quite an unprecedent manner. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the use of phosphorus-containing moieties (phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonopeptides, phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, and phosphoniums) in compounds with antibacterial effect, including their use as β-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial disinfectants. We show that phosphorus-containing moieties can serve as novel pharmacophores, bioisosteres, and prodrugs to modify pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. We further discuss the mechanisms of action, biological activities, clinical use and highlight possible future prospects.
Topics: Phosphorus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Bacteria; Organophosphonates
PubMed: 37939493
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117512 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Aug 2019Low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) are receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy owing to their unique properties, especially the large surface area-to-volume... (Review)
Review
Low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) are receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy owing to their unique properties, especially the large surface area-to-volume ratio. LDNs such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), hydroxyapatite NPs, graphene derivatives, and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have been proposed for drug delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapies, and multimodal theranostic treatments. The therapeutic effectiveness is mainly based on the physical characteristics of LDNs, but their inherent bioactivity has not been fully capitalized. In this Minireview, recent advances in the anti-cancer effects of various types of LDNs with inherent chemotherapeutic bioactivity are described and the bioactivity mechanisms are discussed on the cellular and molecular levels. BP, one of the newest and exciting members of the LDN family, is highlighted owing to the excellent inherent bioactivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility in cancer therapy. LDNs and related derivatives possess inherent bioactivity and selective chemotherapeutic effects suggesting large potential as nanostructured anti-cancer agents in cancer therapy.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Phosphates; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 31206798
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901841 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023The review presents extensive data (from the works of the author and literature) on the structure of - and -chlorophosphorylated enamines and the related heterocycles... (Review)
Review
The review presents extensive data (from the works of the author and literature) on the structure of - and -chlorophosphorylated enamines and the related heterocycles obtained by multipulse multinuclear H, C, and P NMR spectroscopy. The use of phosphorus pentachloride as a phosphorylating agent for functional enamines enables the synthesis of various - and -phosphorylated products that are heterocyclized to form various promising nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing heterocyclic systems. P NMR spectroscopy is the most convenient, reliable and unambiguous method for the study and identification of organophosphorus compounds with different coordination numbers of the phosphorus atom, as well as for the determination of their - and -isomeric forms. An alteration of the coordination number of the phosphorus atom in the phosphorylated compounds from 3 to 6 leads to a drastic screening of the P nucleus from about +200 to -300 ppm. The unique structural features of nitrogen-phosphorus-containing heterocyclic compounds are discussed.
Topics: Phosphorus; Organophosphorus Compounds; Heterocyclic Compounds; Nitrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37298598
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119646 -
Nature Chemistry Aug 2022Phosphorus mononitride (PN) only has a fleeting existence on Earth, and molecular precursors for the release of this molecule under mild conditions in solution have...
Phosphorus mononitride (PN) only has a fleeting existence on Earth, and molecular precursors for the release of this molecule under mild conditions in solution have remained elusive. Here we report the synthesis of an anthracene-based precursor-an anthracene moiety featuring an azidophosphine bridge across its central ring-that dissociates into dinitrogen, anthracene and P≡N in solution with a first-order half-life of roughly 30 min at room temperature. Heated under reduced pressure, this azidophosphine-anthracene precursor decomposes in an explosive fashion at around 42 °C, as demonstrated in a molecular-beam mass spectrometry study. The precursor is also shown to serve as a PN transfer reagent in the synthesis of an Fe-NP coordination complex, through ligand exchange with its Fe-N counterpart. The terminal N-bonded complex was found to be energetically preferred, compared to its P-bonded linkage isomer, owing to a significant covalent Fe-pnictogen bond character and an associated less unfavourable Pauli repulsion in the metal-ligand interaction.
Topics: Anthracenes; Ligands; Metals; Models, Molecular; Phosphorus
PubMed: 35697930
DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00958-5 -
Water Research Jul 2022Global phosphorus reserves are under pressure of depletion in the near future due to increased consumption of primary phosphorus reservoirs and improper management of... (Review)
Review
Global phosphorus reserves are under pressure of depletion in the near future due to increased consumption of primary phosphorus reservoirs and improper management of phosphorus. At the same time, a considerable portion of global marine water bodies has been suffering from eutrophication due to excessive nutrient loading. The marine environment can be considered as a valuable phosphorus source due to nutrient rich eutrophic seawater and sediment which could potentially serve as phosphorus mines in the near future. Hence, sustainable phosphorus recovery strategies should be adapted for marine systems to provide phosphorus for the growing market demand and simultaneously control eutrophication. In this review, possible sustainable strategies for phosphorus removal and recovery from marine environments are discussed in detail. Bio-based strategies relying on natural phosphorus uptake/release metabolism of living organisms are suggested as promising options that can provide both phosphorus removal and recovery from marine waters for achieving a sustainable marine ecosystem. Among them, the utilization of microorganisms seems promising to develop novel strategies. However, the research gap for the technical applicability of these strategies is still considerably big. Therefore, future research should focus on the technical development of the strategies through laboratory and/or field studies. Coupling phosphorus mining with other valorisation pathways (i.e., metal recovery, energy production) is also suggested to improve overall sustainability and economic viability. Environmental, economic and societal challenges should altogether be well addressed prior to real scale applications.
Topics: Ecosystem; Eutrophication; Mining; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Seawater
PubMed: 35561625
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118505