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Water Research Sep 2023Phosphorus (P) transport plays a crucial role in the aquatic ecology of natural rivers. However, our understanding still remains unclear that how P transport is affected...
Modelling of phosphorus and nonuniform sediment transport in the Middle Yangtze River with the effects of channel erosion , tributary confluence and anthropogenic emission.
Phosphorus (P) transport plays a crucial role in the aquatic ecology of natural rivers. However, our understanding still remains unclear that how P transport is affected in a river-lake connected system downstream of a dam. This system usually undergoes both severe channel degradation and complex exchange of flow-sediment-phosphorus between the mainstem and tributaries. In the current study, a method was proposed firstly to determine the individual contribution of different sources to P recover based on the calculation of phosphorus budget; then an integrated model was developed, covering the modules of flow, nonuniform sediment and phosphorus transport. The application of the proposed method in the 955-km-long Middle Yangtze River (MYR) shows that the type of P transportation was predominantly changed from particulate phosphorus to dissolved phosphorus after the operation of the Three Gorges Project (TGP), but a significant longitudinal recovery of total phosphorus (TP) flux was observed. The TP flux exporting from the MYR was mainly from the Upper Yangtze River (44%), and 12%, 18% and 26% of that were originated from channel erosion, tributary confluence and anthropogenic emission. Moreover, the effects were investigated of nonuniform sediment transport and bed-material coarsening on P transport in the MYR, based on the proposed integrated model. Obtained results show that the TP transport process in the MYR was more reasonable simulated using the nonuniform sediment mode, and it is also confirmed that the process of bed-material coarsening after the TGP operation would lead to the decrease of particulate phosphorus flux in the MYR.
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Geologic Sediments; Phosphorus; Rivers; China
PubMed: 37454461
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120304 -
Biosensors Nov 2022As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional... (Review)
Review
As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional treatments include a number of negative effects, making it necessary to investigate novel smart drug delivery methods and identify new therapeutic approaches. Efforts for developing novel strategies for breast cancer therapy are being devised worldwide by various research groups. Currently, two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have attracted considerable attention and are best suited for theranostic nanomedicine. Particularly, their characteristics, including drug loading efficacy, biocompatibility, optical, thermal, electrical, and phototherapeutic characteristics, support their growing demand as a potential substitute for graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we have explained different platforms of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer management, their structures, functionalization approaches, and general methods of synthesis. Various characteristics of BP nanomaterials that make them suitable for cancer therapy and diagnosis, such as large surface area, nontoxicity, solubility, biodegradability, and excellent near-infrared (NIR) absorption capability, are discussed in the later sections. Next, we summarize targeting approaches using various strategies for effective therapy with BP nanoplatforms. Then, we describe applications of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment, which include drug delivery, codelivery of drugs, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, combined therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multidrug resistance reversal strategy. Finally, the present challenges and future aspects of BP nanomaterials are discussed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Nanostructures; Photochemotherapy; Graphite
PubMed: 36421127
DOI: 10.3390/bios12111009 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Jan 2023To explore the appropriate amount of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and improve economic yield and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato, we took Xushu 32 as an example and...
To explore the appropriate amount of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and improve economic yield and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato, we took Xushu 32 as an example and compared the effects of different P application rates on yield, quality, P accumulation and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato based on a two-year field experiment (soil available P content was 31.70 mg·kg) from 2018 to 2019. There were five P application levels (PO), including 0 (P), 25 (P), 50 (P), 75 (P) and 100 kg·hm(P). The results showed that, 1) compared with P, P application significantly increased the yield of fresh sweetpotao and commodity potato, with the effects being the stongest under P treatment, followed by P treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatments. 2) P application significantly increased the contents of starch and reducing sugar in storage root. The contents of soluble sugar and protein increased significantly under P treatment. 3) Du-ring the growth period of 90 to 120 d, P fertilizer supply significantly increased P accumulation and dry matter accumulation of sweetpotato. 4) The apparent P use efficiency (APUE) decreased with increasing P application rates, while P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased first and then decreased with the increases of P application rates, which was significantly higher under P than other treatments. Taking into account the yield, quality, economic yield and P utilization rate of edible sweetpotato, the optimal dosage of PO is 50 kg·hm under the experimental conditions.
Topics: Phosphorus; Ipomoea batatas; Fertilizers; Agriculture; Soil; Nitrogen
PubMed: 36799386
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.017 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2022Planktonic organic matter forms the base of the marine food web, and its nutrient content (C:N:P) governs material and energy fluxes in the ocean. Over Earth history,...
Planktonic organic matter forms the base of the marine food web, and its nutrient content (C:N:P) governs material and energy fluxes in the ocean. Over Earth history, C:N:P had a crucial role in marine metazoan evolution and global biogeochemical dynamics, but the geologic history of C:N:P is unknown, and it is often regarded constant at the "Redfield" ratio of ∼106:16:1. We calculated C:N:P through Phanerozoic time by including nutrient- and temperature-dependent C:N:P parameterizations in a model of the long-timescale biogeochemical cycles. We infer a decrease from high Paleozoic C:P and N:P to present-day ratios, which stems from a decrease in the global average temperature and an increase in seawater phosphate availability. These changes in the phytoplankton's growth environment were driven by various Phanerozoic events: specifically, the middle to late Paleozoic expansion of land plants and the Triassic breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, which increased continental weatherability and the fluxes of weathering-derived phosphate to the oceans. The resulting increase in the nutrient content of planktonic organic matter likely impacted the evolution of marine fauna and global biogeochemistry.
Topics: Carbon; Geologic Sediments; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Phytoplankton
PubMed: 34937697
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113263118 -
Journal of Environmental Quality Jul 2022Agricultural communities of New Mexico regularly redistribute manure nutrients from dairies to nearby croplands to fulfill agronomic nutrient needs and protect water...
Agricultural communities of New Mexico regularly redistribute manure nutrients from dairies to nearby croplands to fulfill agronomic nutrient needs and protect water quality. Yet competition for water resources can result in land use change that affects these cooperative manure transfers. Focusing on three clusters of New Mexico dairy farms and their surrounding lands (three manuresheds), we calculated the magnitude of land use changes in 2008-2019 and the balance between manure nutrient supply and crop demand in 2019 to assess how past change may predict future prospects for sustainable management. The overall magnitude of change was small, with each manureshed experiencing a different complement: an exchange of cropland and rangeland in the Roosevelt manureshed (7,975 ha rangeland to cropland; 7,624 ha cropland to rangeland), a 464-ha gain in cropland but a 1,187-ha loss of "spreadable" land (cropland, rangeland, fallow) to developed land in the Doña Ana manureshed, and relatively minor changes in the Chaves manureshed. Nutrient supply and demand were mainly in balance, but a surplus of manure phosphorus (P) in the Chaves manureshed and a thin margin of P assimilation by croplands in the Roosevelt manureshed point to the need for preserving existing croplands and understanding of effects of dairy manure on shortgrass rangeland. Our assessment suggests that an ideal scenario would entail manure being generated in landscapes with portfolios of productive lands that can sustainably use the manure nutrients to minimize environmental quality concerns and agronomic tradeoffs. Coordinated, participatory, and interdisciplinary research and planning are needed.
Topics: Agriculture; Farms; Manure; New Mexico; Phosphorus
PubMed: 34379321
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20280 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2020The objective of the study was to explore the influences of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), phosphorus (P) fertiliser, biochar application (BC) and their interactions on...
The objective of the study was to explore the influences of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), phosphorus (P) fertiliser, biochar application (BC) and their interactions on Medicago sativa growth, nutrient, Cd content and AM fungi-plant symbioses. Applications of both P fertiliser and BC significantly increased total biomass and P and potassium (K) uptake, regardless of AM. When no P fertiliser or BC was used, the shoot biomass and nitrogen (N), P, and K contents in the +AM treatments were 1.39, 1.54, 4.53 and 2.06 times higher than those in the -AM treatments, respectively. AM fungi only elevated the total P uptake by 44.03% when P fertiliser was applied at a rate of 30 mg P kg in the absence of BC addition. With BC application or high-P fertiliser input (100 mg P kg), the soil available P was significantly higher than that in the other treatments, and AM fungi significantly reduced the shoot biomass. The minimum Cd concentration occurred in the shoots of alfalfas treated with BC and high-P fertiliser inputs; this concentration was lower than the maximum permitted concentration in China. Although the BC and high-P inputs could eliminate the positive mycorrhizal response, the results suggested that BC application in combination with high-P fertiliser input could not only increase forage yields but also lower Cd concentrations to meet the forage safety standards by the dilution effect.
Topics: Biomass; Cadmium; Charcoal; Fertilizers; Medicago sativa; Mycorrhizae; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Soil Pollutants; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32272346
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110537 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Nov 2021It is imperative to have a practical indicator for assessing the potential for phosphorus movement from soil to surface waters causing environmental pollution. The...
It is imperative to have a practical indicator for assessing the potential for phosphorus movement from soil to surface waters causing environmental pollution. The present study was undertaken with two groups of acidic soils from the terai and red and laterite agro-climatic zone of eastern India to estimate their phosphorus threshold values and establish a simple model with the clay content as the principal variable. The mean phosphorus adsorption maximum and phosphorus buffering capacity were higher in lateritic than terai soil. The change-point soil test values at which water soluble phosphorus enhanced abruptly ranged from 32 to 68 mg kg and 28 to 63 mg kg with Bray-1 and Mehlich-1 method, respectively, for the soils of the terai zone. Similarly, it varied from 47 to 90 mg kg and 44 to 89 mg kg, respectively, for the lateritic soils. Application of phosphatic fertilizers should not be allowed beyond the threshold level, which was considered 75% of the change-point soil test value to avoid the risk of the soil becoming a source of phosphorus pollution for surface water bodies. The simplified models of phosphorus threshold level (mg kg) developed with either of the extractants were "4.75 × clay content (%) - 30" and "6.00 × clay content (%) - 75" for terai and lateritic soil, respectively. These models can be extended to the soils with similar mineralogy but varying in clay content for sustainable phosphorus management without limiting crop production.
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Fertilizers; Phosphorus; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 34779945
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09608-8 -
Environmental Science & Technology Mar 2023Nutrient treatment performance of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) is highly variable. Improved nutrient management with BMPs requires a better understanding... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Nutrient treatment performance of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) is highly variable. Improved nutrient management with BMPs requires a better understanding of factors that influence stormwater BMP treatment processes. We conducted a meta-analysis of vegetated BMPs in the International Stormwater BMP Database and compared influent and effluent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to quantify the BMP effect on nutrient management across climates. BMP effect on nutrient concentration change was compared between vegetated BMPs in wet and dry climates. We examined paired dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), total phosphorus (TP), and combinations of these analytes as dissolved inorganic ratios and N:P ratios. Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis was used to determine differences between wet and dry climates and among vegetated BMP types. We found that across both wet and dry climates, BMPs leach DIP and TP, increase the fraction of dissolved inorganic P (DIP:TP), and decrease dissolved N:P ratios. Dry-climate BMPs leach DIP and TP more consistently and at a higher magnitude than wet-climate BMPs, and bioretention leaches more DIP than grass strips and swales. These findings generally align with biogeochemical cycling, differences in influent chemistry, and BMP design types and goals.
Topics: Climate; Poaceae; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Rain
PubMed: 36917002
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05942 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2020The use of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agricultural soils is very common, and few studies have been conducted to study the effect of different P...
The use of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agricultural soils is very common, and few studies have been conducted to study the effect of different P sources on relative P extractability (RPE) and leaching using different P extractants and degree of P saturation (DPS), over a long period of time. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of incubation time and different P sources on RPE, DPS, and to predict the concentration of P leached from soil using different P extractants. In order to achieve these goals, nine sewage sludges (SSs), two biochars, animal manure (AM), poultry manure (PM), wheat residue (WR), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) were added to the soil as much as 100 mg P kg in a 163 days incubation experiment. On average across all amendments and incubation periods, Mehlich-3 extractable P (M3EP) gave the highest mean RPE (42.9%, SE = 7.1%), with water-extractable P (WEP) the lowest (4.6%, SE = 0.93%), and Olsen-extractable P (OEP) (38.3%, SE = 6.3%) in between. Among SSs and based on average across of all incubation periods, soils treated with Shiraz and Takestan SSs were the least soluble source of P, while the highest soluble source of P were soils treated with Kermanshah and Tehran SSs. The results indicated that soil samples taken 16 days following the addition of amendments should reflect agronomic and environmental purposes aiming to assess available and the potential P loss from agricultural soils. The split line model perfectly fitted to the relation between OEP and M3EP (r = 0.93). The DPSs were calculated and the P leaching rate was estimated. Based on OEP, the soils treated with TSP and DAP were at high risk, the medium risk was for soils treated with Kermanshah, Saveh, Tehran, Rasht, Sanandaj, and Isfahan SSs, and PM. Control soil, and soils treated with WR were at no risk, and the soils treated with Arak, Shiraz, and Takestan SSs, ABC, WBC, and AM were classified as low risk.
Topics: Animals; Fertilizers; Iran; Manure; Phosphorus; Soil
PubMed: 32754881
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10281-6 -
STAR Protocols Sep 2022Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis are essential for plant growth and yield, and reliable detection of dynamic Pi/P in different tissues is...
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis are essential for plant growth and yield, and reliable detection of dynamic Pi/P in different tissues is important for studying their biological functions. Here, we report a combined protocol for rapid determination of Pi/P levels. We first perform P NMR assay to reveal the intracellular Pi distribution and then dissect the level of Pi/P by the chromogenic reaction and ICP-MS analysis. Finally, we take μXRF element fluorescence assay to achieve the visual P distribution. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ma et al. (2021).
Topics: Homeostasis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Plants
PubMed: 35719721
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101456