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Journal of Hazardous Materials Sep 2019In this study, we propose a novel strategy, plasma activated water (PAW) to reduce pesticide residues on agricultural products. To validate its feasibility and...
In this study, we propose a novel strategy, plasma activated water (PAW) to reduce pesticide residues on agricultural products. To validate its feasibility and effectiveness, we employee high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect phoxim on grapes. HPLC results suggest that the reduction of phoxim on grapes achieve 73.60% after treated 10 min by PAW prepared 30 min, and the concentration of phoxim decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the preparation time of PAW. Furthermore, HPLC-MS analysis shows that the reduction effect of phoxim by PAW is dominated by the degradation of phoxim. Combined with analyzing the physicochemical properties of PAW, one possible degradation pathway is proposed under the present experimental conditions, mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The acidic environment (pH < 3) and high oxidation capacity (ORP > 500 mV) are suggested to be a benefit to the reduction of phoxim. Besides, the experimental results regarding color, firmness, sugar, vitamin C, and superoxide dismutase of grapes demonstrate that the PAW treatment will not significantly affect the quality of grapes. In conclusion, phoxim pesticide residues on grapes could be effectively reduced by the PAW strategy and without a significant (p < 0.05) effect on grapes quality.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Color; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insecticides; Mass Spectrometry; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sugars; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitis; Water
PubMed: 31153118
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.058 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023Multiple pesticides are heavily applied in crops grown in China's tropics due to the prevalence of diseases and pests, thus posing potential risks to nontarget organisms...
Occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of current-use pesticides in commonly cultivated crops and their potential risks to non-target organisms: A case study in Hainan, China.
Multiple pesticides are heavily applied in crops grown in China's tropics due to the prevalence of diseases and pests, thus posing potential risks to nontarget organisms (e.g., honeybees, lacewings, ladybugs, and humans). However, there is little information on this topic. This study is the first assessment of the occurrence, driving factors, and ecological/human health risks of 32 current-use pesticides (CUPs) in 10 frequently-planted crops collected from practicing rice-vegetable rotation systems in Hainan, China. Of the 132 whole crop samples, 44 (33.3 %) residues from ≥8 pesticides were detected in 9.09 % of crop samples with concentrations ≥0.5 mg kg. Six pesticide residues, namely carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, acetamiprid, thiophanate methyl, phoxim, and imidacloprid, were detected in 72.7 % of samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.0021 to 13.5 (median = 0.032) mg kg. Among them, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, and acetamiprid were the most common, contributions from 10.2 to 25.5 % and a detection frequency ranging from 25.6 to 56.1 %. The order of total concentration of 32 CUPs (∑ CUP) concentrations during the year was January > May > November > August and vegetables > rice, being highly related with pesticides usage pattern, crop type, plant accumulation/dissipation and plant lipid contents. The ecological risk quotients (RQs) to four beneficial terrestrial organisms showed that 9.6-39.1 % of samples posed a potential medium or high ecological risk, with 13.6-65.9 % of samples at ∑RQ > 1 being highly affected by the residues of neonicotinoids and emamectin benzoate. Emamectin benzoate (8.9 %) and acetamiprid (5.6 %) exceeded the individual Maximum Residue Levels based on Chinese legislation (GB2763-2021). Moreover, cumulative dietary exposure presented a higher risk to humans in 11.0 and 22.0 % of the cases for acute and chronic, mainly originating from the higher concentration contributors of systemic pesticides in edible crops. Therefore, the regulation and monitoring of CUP residues is imperative for rice-vegetable rotation systems in tropical China to avoid negative effects on nontarget organisms.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Bees; Pesticides; Food Contamination; Pesticide Residues; Crops, Agricultural; Vegetables; China; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36113805
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158640 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023In modern agricultural practices, organophosphorus pesticides or insecticides (OPs) are regularly used to restrain pests. Their limits are closely monitored since their...
A Multi-Enzyme Cascade Response for the Colorimetric Recognition of Organophosphorus Pesticides Utilizing Core-Shell Pd@Pt Nanoparticles with High Peroxidase-like Activity.
In modern agricultural practices, organophosphorus pesticides or insecticides (OPs) are regularly used to restrain pests. Their limits are closely monitored since their residual hinders the capability of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brings out a threatening accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which affects human well-being. Therefore, spotting OPs in food and the environment is compulsory to prevent human health. Several techniques are available to identify OPs but encounter shortcomings like time-consuming, operating costs, and slow results achievement, which calls for further solutions. Herein, we present a rapid colorimetric sensor for quantifying OPs in foods using TMB as a substrate, a multi-enzyme cascade system, and the synergistic property of core-shell Palladinum@Platinum (Pd@Pt) nanoparticles. The multi-enzyme cascade response framework is a straightforward and effective strategy for OPs recognition and can resolve the previously mentioned concerns. Numerous OPs, including Carbofuran, Malathion, Parathion, Phoxim, Rojor, and Phosmet, were successfully quantified at different concentrations. The cascade method established using Pd@Pt had a simple and easy operation, a lower detection limit range of (1-2.5 ng/mL), and a short detection time of about 50 min. With an R value of over 0.93, OPs showed a linear range of 10-200 ng/mL, portraying its achievement in quantifying pesticide residue. Lastly, the approach was utilized in food samples and recovered more than 80% of the residual OPs.
PubMed: 37685251
DOI: 10.3390/foods12173319 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Sep 2022Functions of insect CYP2 clan P450s in insecticide resistance are relatively less reported. In , a gene from the CYP2 clan () was validated to be up-regulated...
Functions of insect CYP2 clan P450s in insecticide resistance are relatively less reported. In , a gene from the CYP2 clan () was validated to be up-regulated significantly in a pyrethroid- and organophosphate-resistant population (QJ) than a susceptible population by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Spatial-temporal expression indicated the high expression of in the fourth, fifth, and sixth instar larvae and the metabolism-related tissue fat body and malpighian tubules. was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, and a homozygous population (QJ-CYP304F1) with a G-base deletion at exon 2 was obtained after selection. Bioassay results showed that the LD values to β-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in the QJ-CYP304F1 population decreased significantly, and the resistance ratio was both 1.81-fold in the QJ population compared with that in the QJ-CYP304F1 population. The toxicity of fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, or phoxim showed no significant change. These results suggested that is involved in β-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos resistance in .
Topics: Animals; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Chlorpyrifos; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Larva; Pyrethrins; Spodoptera
PubMed: 36043880
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04352 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2021There is limited research focusing on the effects of human gut microbiota on the oral bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of pesticide residues in food. In the...
There is limited research focusing on the effects of human gut microbiota on the oral bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of pesticide residues in food. In the present study, we use a modified setup of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem for the determination of pesticide residue bioaccessibility in Chaenomeles speciosa, and a Caco-2 cell model of human intestinal absorption. Results showed that gut microbiota played a dual role based their effects on contaminant release and metabolism in the bioaccessibility assay, and Lactobacillus plantarum was one of key bacterial species in the gut microbiota that influenced pesticide stability significantly. The addition of L. plantarum to the system reduced the relative amounts (by 11.40-86.51%) of six pesticides. The interaction between the food matrix and human gut microbiota led to different absorption rates, and the barrier effects increased with an increase in incubation time.
Topics: Bacteria; Caco-2 Cells; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactobacillus plantarum; Neonicotinoids; Nitro Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticides; Rosaceae; Thiamethoxam
PubMed: 32920305
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127985 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021A novel sorbent based on the ZrO nanoparticles and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified graphene oxide aerogel-grafted stainless steel mesh (ZrO/PDDA-GOA-SSM)...
ZrO Nanoparticles and Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-Doped Graphene Oxide Aerogel-Coated Stainless-Steel Mesh for the Effective Adsorption of Organophosphorus Pesticides.
A novel sorbent based on the ZrO nanoparticles and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified graphene oxide aerogel-grafted stainless steel mesh (ZrO/PDDA-GOA-SSM) was used for the extraction and detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Firstly, the PDDA and GO composite was grafted onto the surface of SSM and then freeze-dried to obtain the aerogel, which efficiently reduced the accumulation of graphene nanosheets. It integrated the advanced properties of GOA with a thin coating and the three-dimensional structural geometry of SSM. The modification of ZrO nanoparticles brought a selective adsorption for OPPs due to the combination of the phosphate group as a Lewis base and ZrO nanoparticles with the Lewis acid site. The ZrO/PDDA-GOA-SSM was packed into the solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge to extract OPPs. According to the investigation of different factors, the extraction recovery was mainly affected by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of analytes. Effective extraction and elution parameters such as sample volume, sample pH, rate of sample loading, eluent, and eluent volume, were also investigated and discussed. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity of phoxim and fenitrothion was in the range of 1.0-200 μg L, and the linearity of temephos was in the range of 2.5-200 μg L. The limits of detection were ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 μg L. This established method was successfully applied to detect OPPs in two vegetables. There was no OPP detected in real samples, and results showed that the matrix effects were in the range of 46.5%-90.1%. This indicates that the ZrO/PDDA-GOA-SSM-SPE-HPLC method could effectively extract and detect OPPs in vegetables.
PubMed: 34359486
DOI: 10.3390/foods10071616 -
Journal of Economic Entomology Apr 2021The plant bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of alfalfa in grassland farming in northern China. A field population of L....
Laboratory Selection, Cross-Resistance, Risk Assessment to Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance, and Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance for Plant Bug Lygus pratensis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Farming-Pastoral Ecotones of Northern China.
The plant bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of alfalfa in grassland farming in northern China. A field population of L. pratensis was selected in the laboratory for 14 consecutive generations with lambda-cyhalothrin to generate 42.555-fold resistance. Selection also induced low cross-resistance to imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin, and medium cross-resistance to deltamethrin. Realized heritability (h2) of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was 0.339. Susceptible baselines of L. pratensis were established for five insecticides using the glass-vial method, the values of which were 6.849, 3.423, 8.778, 3.559, and 117.553 ng/cm2 for phoxim, methomyl, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and avermectin, respectively, along with the calculated LC99 diagnostic doses. This resistance risk assessment study suggests that a high risk of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance exists in the field. In addition, a 5-year field investigation of resistance monitoring of L. pratensis was conducted in seven alfalfa regions in farming-pastoral ecotones in northern China. The resistance levels of most populations were very low for phoxim, methomyl, and avermectin, with an upward trend for lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the DK (Dengkou County), TKT (Tuoketuo County), XL (Xilinhot), and LX (Linxi County) populations during 2015-2019, and medium resistance level to imidacloprid in the TKT population in five years we sampled. The study provided information on chemical control, lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development, baseline susceptibility, and the status of resistance to five commonly-used insecticides against L. pratensis. These results could be used to optimize pyrethroid insecticide use as part of a pest integrated resistance management strategy against this key insect pest of alfalfa.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; China; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Laboratories; Nitriles; Pyrethrins; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 33503252
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa305 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2022Organothiophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most commonly used pesticides, and their environmental migration brings serious water pollution and significant danger to...
Organothiophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most commonly used pesticides, and their environmental migration brings serious water pollution and significant danger to human health, and thus it is urgent to develop effective technologies for removal of OPPs from water. Herein, magnetic covalent organic framework (COF) with a triazine skeleton was fabricated for enhanced adsorption and removal of OPPs from water. Magnetic COF has a fluffy ball-like structure, high crystallinity, large BET surface area (1543 m g), and regular mesopores (~3.1 nm). Therefore, it displayed high adsorption rates and large adsorption capacities for four typical OPPs, pyridafenthion, phoxim, pyrimitate, and phorate. Based on adsorption kinetic and isotherms investigations, the batch experimental data of magnetic COF was effectively modeled by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isothermal model. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of magnetic COF composite for OPPs ranged from 163.9 to 178.6 mg g, which were about 10 times higher than the amorphous magnetic composite. The adsorption mechanism was further explored to verify the contributions of π-π, CH⋯π, and CH⋯S interactions to the adsorption of OPPs on the crystalline magnetic COF. Furthermore, the high removal rate of OPPs from the environmental water and reusability further indicated its potential in real applications as an effective adsorption material.
Topics: Adsorption; Humans; Magnetic Phenomena; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Organothiophosphates; Pesticides; Water
PubMed: 35688246
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156529 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Oct 2020Clothianidin, belonging to neonicotinoid insecticide with systemic and contact mechanisms, is used to control the invasive pest . To identify the resistance risk, we...
Clothianidin, belonging to neonicotinoid insecticide with systemic and contact mechanisms, is used to control the invasive pest . To identify the resistance risk, we examined the cross-resistance to multiple insecticides and mechanisms of clothianidin resistant population of . The results showed that developed a high level of resis-tance to clothianidin (56.8-fold) after selecting for 45 generations. The resistant population of had medium level of cross-resistance to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate (18.6>RR>11.3), and the low level of cross-resistance to phoxim and methomyl, but no cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr and spinosad. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) had significant synergistic effects on clothianidin in killing the resistant population (CL), Yunnan wild population (YN) and susceptible population (S). Compared with the sensitive population, the CL populations had significantly increased activities of mixed-functional oxidases P(3.6-fold), b(2.9-fold) and O-demethylase (4.9-fold), and carboxylesterase (2.5-fold), with no significant difference in the activities of glutathione S-transferases among CL and S populations. The results highlight the role of increasing mixed-functional oxidases and carboxylesterase in the resistance of to clothianidin.
Topics: Animals; China; Guanidines; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Neonicotinoids; Thiazoles
PubMed: 33314816
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.034 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2024The presence of multiple pesticide residues in agricultural production highlights the need for studying mixture interaction during transepithelial transport. This study...
The presence of multiple pesticide residues in agricultural production highlights the need for studying mixture interaction during transepithelial transport. This study applied the Caco-2 cell model to investigate the interaction of four pesticide residues (carbendazim, epoxiconazole, phoxim, and chlorpyrifos) in Chaenomeles speciosa during transepithelial transport. Results demonstrated that co-treatment with pesticide mixtures generally increased the cumulative transport amount of carbendazim and epoxiconazole by 0.32-1.60 times and 0.32-0.98 times, respectively, compared to individual treatments. Notably, the combination of carbendazim and epoxiconazole displayed a significant synergistic effect. The use of transporter inhibitors and molecular docking analysis provided insights into the interaction mechanism, suggesting that the competitive inhibition of MRP2 and/or BCRP binding via π-bonds contributed to the inhibition of BL-to-AP efflux and a significant increase in AP-to-BL influx of carbendazim and epoxiconazole. The results are of great theoretical significance and practical value for risk assessment of multiple pesticide residues in agricultural products.
Topics: Humans; Pesticide Residues; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Caco-2 Cells; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neoplasm Proteins; Rosaceae
PubMed: 37591142
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137156