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PET Clinics Jul 2022Molecular imaging with PET-computerized tomography (PET-CT) plays an important role in oncology. There is current and evolving evidence supporting the use of... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging with PET-computerized tomography (PET-CT) plays an important role in oncology. There is current and evolving evidence supporting the use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and non-FDG tracers in assessment patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers in various clinical scenarios. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages and limitations of FDG and non-FDG PET-CT in the management of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35717098
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.03.007 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to map molecular and metabolic processes in living...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to map molecular and metabolic processes in living animals. PET can be performed as a stand-alone modality but is often combined with CT to provide for objective anatomical localization of PET signals in a multimodality approach. In order to outline the general approach to evaluating four mice simultaneously by dynamic PET imaging, the use of the aldehyde-targeted radiotracer [F]NABF in mouse models of hepatotoxicity will be described. Indeed the production of aldehydes is upregulated in a wide range of disease and injury, making them a suitable biomarker for PET imaging of numerous pathologies.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Workflow; Positron-Emission Tomography; Multimodal Imaging; Radioactive Tracers
PubMed: 38006497
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_11 -
PET Clinics Apr 2022Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has an integral role in modern radiotherapy planning for most patients with head and neck... (Review)
Review
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has an integral role in modern radiotherapy planning for most patients with head and neck malignancies. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) should guide standard target delineation and has emerging roles in dose and volume modification for escalation/de-escalation and adaptive radiotherapy. This article discusses the integration of PET/CT into radiotherapy planning.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35256302
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.007 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jun 2020Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and... (Review)
Review
Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options leading to patients' healthcare and quality of life improvement. During the first two decades of the 21st century, the number of Nuclear Medicine procedures increased considerably.Clinical and research advances in Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging have been based on developments in radiopharmaceuticals and equipment, namely, the introduction of multimodality imaging. In addition, new therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals, mainly in oncology, are underway.This review will focus on radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), in particular, those labeled with Fluorine-18 and Gallium-68. Multimodality as a key player in clinical practice led to the development of new detector technology and combined efforts to improve resolution. The concept of dual probe (a single molecule labeled with a radionuclide for single photon emission computed tomography)/positron emission tomography and a light emitter for optical imaging) is gaining increasing acceptance, especially in minimally invasive radioguided surgery. The expansion of theranostics, using the same molecule for diagnosis (γ or positron emitter) and therapy (β minus or α emitter) is reshaping personalized medicine.Upcoming research and development efforts will lead to an even wider array of indications for Nuclear Medicine both in diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32401541
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200095 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays a vital role in diagnosing tumors. However, PET/CT imaging relies primarily on manual interpretation and...
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays a vital role in diagnosing tumors. However, PET/CT imaging relies primarily on manual interpretation and labeling by medical professionals. An enormous workload will affect the training samples' construction for deep learning. The labeling of tumor lesions in PET/CT images involves the intersection of computer graphics and medicine, such as registration, a fusion of medical images, and labeling of lesions. This paper extends the linear interpolation, enhances it in a specific area of the PET image, and uses the outer frame scaling of the PET/CT image and the least-squares residual affine method. The PET and CT images are subjected to wavelet transformation and then synthesized in proportion to form a PET/CT fusion image. According to the absorption of 18F-FDG (fluoro deoxy glucose) SUV in the PET image, the professionals randomly select a point in the focus area in the fusion image, and the system will automatically select the seed point of the focus area to delineate the tumor focus with the regional growth method. Finally, the focus delineated on the PET and CT fusion images is automatically mapped to CT images in the form of polygons, and rectangular segmentation and labeling are formed. This study took the actual PET/CT of patients with lymphatic cancer as an example. The semiautomatic labeling of the system and the manual labeling of imaging specialists were compared and verified. The recognition rate was 93.35%, and the misjudgment rate was 6.52%.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35890851
DOI: 10.3390/s22145171 -
PET Clinics Jul 2022The role of nuclear medicine for noninvasive assessment of infection and inflammation is well established. The role of nuclear medicine is limited to initial diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
The role of nuclear medicine for noninvasive assessment of infection and inflammation is well established. The role of nuclear medicine is limited to initial diagnosis, recurrence, and response assessment of infections and inflammations such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, osteomyelitis, immunoglobulin G4-related diseases, and coronavirus disease 2019, as the specificity is affected by false positivity due to physiologic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in specific organ and nonspecific uptake in postoperative cases. PET with fludeoxyglucose F 18/CT is a well-established modality for diagnosis of fever of unknown origin helping in optimized management of the patient.
Topics: COVID-19; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35717106
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.02.004 -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology Jan 2021Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive... (Review)
Review
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
Topics: Animals; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32900582
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003 -
Biomolecules Oct 2022The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material... (Review)
Review
The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material (organic or inorganic) and their unique physical and chemical characteristics, they are highly versatile for their use in several medical applications. In particular, they have shown interesting results as radiolabelled probes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The high variability of NP types and the possibility to use several isotopes in the radiolabelling process implies different radiolabelling methods that have been applied over the previous years. In this review, we compare and summarize the different methods for NP radiolabelling with the most frequently used PET isotopes.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36291726
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101517 -
Medicinal Research Reviews Sep 2019The diversity seen in the mode of pharmacology and the numerous glutamate receptor subtypes have previously complicated drug development efforts. Nonetheless, recent... (Review)
Review
The diversity seen in the mode of pharmacology and the numerous glutamate receptor subtypes have previously complicated drug development efforts. Nonetheless, recent clinical trials of drug candidates that accommodate the glutamatergic intricate pharmacology have yielded encouraging results. Target engagement is an important requirement for the advancement of central nervous system drug candidates into clinical trial. Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer technology has the unique ability to give the direct insight into the relationship between the level of receptor occupancy and the administered dose, thus establishing a direct link between the level of target exposure and the drug efficacy in human. This review is focused on the advancement of mGlu , mGlu , and mGlu receptor-related PET tracer technology: PET tracer development strategies, PET tracer selection in receptor occupancy studies, the scopes and limitations to use PET to measure receptor occupancy for the drug candidates with different pharmacology, and how to use the measurements of receptor occupancy as a translational biomarker for decision-making in an innovative drug development program.
Topics: Animals; Drug Development; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
PubMed: 30740744
DOI: 10.1002/med.21566 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2022Compared to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), the uptake of PET- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been slow, even more so in clinical...
Compared to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), the uptake of PET- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been slow, even more so in clinical practice compared to the (pre-)clinical research setting. However, for applications in musculoskeletal (MSK) research, the combination of PET and MRI into a single modality offers attractive advantages over other imaging modalities. Most importantly, MRI has exquisite soft-tissue detail without the use of contrast agents or ionizing radiation, superior bone marrow visualization, and an extensive spectrum of distinct multiparametric assessment methods. In the preclinical setting, the introduction of PET inserts for small-animal MRI machines has proven to be a successful concept in bringing this technology to the lab. Initial hurdles in quantification have been mainly overcome in this setting. In parallel, a promising range of radiochemistry techniques has been developed to create multimodality probes that offer the possibility of simultaneously querying different metabolic pathways. Not only will these applications help in elucidating disease mechanisms, but they can also facilitate drug development. The clinical applications of PET/MRI in MSK are still limited, but encouraging initial results with novel radiotracers suggest a high potential for use in various MSK conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation and infection. Further innovations will be required to bring down the cost of PET/MRI to justify a broader clinical implementation, and remaining issues with quality control and standardization also need to be addressed. Nevertheless, PET/MRI is a powerful platform for MSK research with distinct qualities that are not offered by other techniques.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35005878
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03434-3