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Heart Failure Reviews Mar 2023Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has established themselves firmly as excellent and reliable functional imaging modalities in assessment of the... (Review)
Review
Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has established themselves firmly as excellent and reliable functional imaging modalities in assessment of the spectrum of coronary artery disease. With the explosion of technology advances and the dream of flow quantification now a reality, the value of PET is now well realized. Cardiac PET has proved itself as precise imaging modality that provides functional imaging of the heart in addition to anatomical imaging. It has established itself as one of the best available techniques for evaluation of myocardial viability. Hybrid PET/computed tomography provides simultaneous integration of coronary anatomy and function with myocardial perfusion and metabolism, thereby improving characterization of the dysfunctional area and chronic coronary artery disease. The availability of quantitative myocardial blood flow evaluation with PET provides additional prognostic information and increases diagnostic accuracy in the management of patients with coronary artery disease. Hybrid imaging seems to hold immense potential in optimizing management of cardiovascular diseases and furthering clinical research.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Heart; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 36129644
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10270-6 -
Heart (British Cardiac Society) Nov 2020Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is useful in cardiovascular disease across several areas, from assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability, to... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is useful in cardiovascular disease across several areas, from assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability, to highlighting atherosclerotic plaque activity and measuring the extent of cardiac innervation in heart failure. Other important roles of PET have emerged in prosthetic valve endocarditis, implanted device infection, infiltrative cardiomyopathies, aortic stenosis and cardio-oncology. Advances in scanner technology, including hybrid PET/MRI and total body PET imaging, as well as the development of novel PET tracers and cardiac-specific postprocessing techniques using artificial intelligence will undoubtedly continue to progress the field.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32571959
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315183 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment regimen of certain cancer types, but response assessment has become a difficult task with conventional methods... (Review)
Review
The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment regimen of certain cancer types, but response assessment has become a difficult task with conventional methods such as CT/MRT or FDG PET-CT and the classical response criteria such as RECIST or PERCIST which have been developed for chemotherapeutic treatment. Plenty of new tracers have been published to improve the assessment of treatment response and to stratify the patient population. We gathered the information on published tracers (in total, 106 individual SPECT/PET tracers were identified) and performed a descriptor-based analysis; in this way, we classify the tracers with regard to target choice, developability (probability to progress from preclinical stage into the clinic), translatability (probability to be widely applied in the 'real world'), and (assumed) diagnostic quality. In our analysis, we show that most tracers are targeting PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD8 receptors by using antibodies or their fragments. Another finding is that plenty of tracers possess only minor iterations regarding chelators and nuclides instead of approaching the problem in a new innovative way. Based on the data, we suggest an orthogonal approach by targeting intracellular targets with PET-activatable small molecules that are currently underrepresented.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 35630835
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103354 -
The British Journal of Radiology Sep 2020Functional imaging tools have emerged in the last few decades and are increasingly used to assess the function of the human heart . Positron emission tomography (PET) is... (Review)
Review
Functional imaging tools have emerged in the last few decades and are increasingly used to assess the function of the human heart . Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to evaluate myocardial metabolism and blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for morphological and functional evaluation of the heart. In cardiology, PET is successfully combined with CT for hybrid cardiac imaging. The effective integration of two imaging modalities allows simultaneous data acquisition combining functional, structural and molecular imaging. After PET/CT has been successfully accepted for clinical practices, hybrid PET/MRI is launched. This review elaborates the current evidence of PET/MRI in cardiovascular imaging and its expected clinical applications for a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular diseases while highlighting the advantages and limitations of this hybrid imaging approach.
Topics: Heart Diseases; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardial Ischemia; Organ Motion; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32023123
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190836 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Dec 2023Arthritis has significant adverse consequences on musculoskeletal tissues and often other organs of the body. Current methods for clinical evaluation of arthritis are... (Review)
Review
Arthritis has significant adverse consequences on musculoskeletal tissues and often other organs of the body. Current methods for clinical evaluation of arthritis are suboptimal, and biomarkers that are objective and measurable indicators for monitoring of arthritis disease activity are in critical demand. Recently, total-body positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed that can collect imaging signals synchronously from the entire body at ultra-low doses and reduced scan times. These scanners have increased signal collection efficiency that overcomes several limitations of standard PET scanners in the evaluation of arthritis, and they may potentially provide biomarkers to assess local and systemic impact of the arthritis disease process. This article reviews current results from using total-body PET in the assessment of common arthritic conditions, and it outlines future opportunities and challenges.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Arthritis; Forecasting; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37935209
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775746 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jun 2023Carbohydrate diversity is foundational in the molecular literacy that regulates cellular function and communication. Consequently, delineating and leveraging this... (Review)
Review
Carbohydrate diversity is foundational in the molecular literacy that regulates cellular function and communication. Consequently, delineating and leveraging this structure-function interplay continues to be a core research objective in the development of candidates for biomedical diagnostics. A totemic example is the ubiquity of 2-deoxy-2-[F]-fluoro-D-glucose (2-[F]-FDG) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET), in which metabolic trapping is harnessed. Building on this clinical success, more complex sugars with unique selectivities are gaining momentum in molecular recognition and personalised medicine: this reflects the opportunities that carbohydrate-specific targeting affords in a broader sense. In this Tutorial Review, key milestones in the development of 2-[F]-FDG and related glycan-based radiotracers for PET are described, with their diagnostic functions, to assist in navigating this rapidly expanding field of interdisciplinary research.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Carbohydrates; Glucose
PubMed: 37171037
DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00037k -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia Aug 2019Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an... (Review)
Review
Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced radionuclide technique that has been available for decades. Originally used as a research tool that contributed to advances in the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, it is now becoming established in clinical practice and is increasingly used in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease. PET myocardial perfusion imaging has a mean sensitivity and specificity of around 90% for the detection of angiographically significant coronary artery disease, and is also highly accurate for assessing the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease. Depending on the radiotracer used, it can provide information not only on myocardial perfusion but also on myocardial metabolism, which is essential for viability assessment. The potential of this imaging technique has been further increased with the introduction of hybrid scanners, which combine PET with computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, offering integrated morphological and functional information and hence comprehensive assessment of the effects of atherosclerosis on the myocardium. The scope of this review is to summarize the role of PET in ischemic heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31694787
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.02.011 -
Stroke Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Heuristics; Positron-Emission Tomography; Cognition; Perfusion; Alzheimer Disease
PubMed: 36337057
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041406 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 20202-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint... (Review)
Review
2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors both in clinical trials and, in selected patients, at the single patient's level. The present review aims to discuss available evidence related to the use of [F]FDG PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to evaluate the response to target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Criteria proposed for the standardization of the definition of the PET-based response and complementary value with respect to morphological imaging are commented on. The use of PET-based assessment of the response through metabolic pathways other than glucose metabolism is also relevant in the framework of personalized cancer treatment. A brief discussion of the preliminary evidence for the use of non-FDG PET tracers in the evaluation of the response to new therapies is also provided.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiology, Interventional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32722205
DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080373 -
Cardiovascular Research Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Positron-Emission Tomography; Inflammation
PubMed: 37463514
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad109