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Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) May 2023In approximately 2% of all cancers, no primary tumor can be detected and cancer of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome, a diagnosis of exclusion, is made. (Review)
Review
CLINICAL/METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE
In approximately 2% of all cancers, no primary tumor can be detected and cancer of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome, a diagnosis of exclusion, is made.
STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS
In CUP syndrome, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not lead to the detection of primary tumors.
METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
In the advanced diagnostic workup of CUP syndrome, F‑fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F‑FDG PET/CT) can be used. In addition, Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT as a novel, experimental imaging technique may be considered.
PERFORMANCE
F‑FDG PET/CT is clinically established for the detection of primary tumors of cervical CUP syndrome. High detection rates have also been reported for F‑FDG-PET/CT in extracervical CUP syndrome. Ga-FAPI PET/CT has not yet been clinically established, but remarkably high detection rates have been shown for F‑FDG-negative cervical CUP syndrome due to its low background activity.
ACHIEVEMENTS
The benefit of F‑FDG PET in CUP syndrome has been documented in several meta-analyses. To date, the evidence for the use of Ga-FAPI PET/CT in CUP syndrome is still rudimentary.
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
F‑FDG PET should be applied regularly in cervical CUP syndrome and can be individually considered in extracervical CUP syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Syndrome
PubMed: 37079059
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01144-5 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Giant Cell Arteritis; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 36762378
DOI: No ID Found -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Sep 2022Paraneoplastic dermatoses (PD) are defined as nonspecific skin disorders which are associated with internal neoplasms, but without direct association to primary tumors... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic dermatoses (PD) are defined as nonspecific skin disorders which are associated with internal neoplasms, but without direct association to primary tumors or metastases. Recognition of PD and the following surveillance may lead to the diagnosis of internal malignant neoplasms including early stage ones. Accurate imaging examinations in the following searching is essential in identifying the underlying neoplasms. Since whole-body 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18-FDG)-positron emission (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in early diagnosis, staging of various malignant tumors, it may play a role for detection of underlying or occult malignant neoplasms in patients with PD. However, to date, only a few reports of FDG PET/CT findings of the associated neoplasms in PD patients have been cited in the literature. The present paper shows the cases of FDG-avid associated neoplasms in patients with PD in our 10-year experience in our institute, and reviews the well-known and/or relatively common PD and their associated neoplasms, and the previously reported cases of FDG-avid associated neoplasms in these patients.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Skin Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35713794
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01286-x -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Dec 2023Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide key structural information on brain pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures... (Review)
Review
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide key structural information on brain pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures metabolism in the living brain; it plays an important role in molecular neuroimaging and is rapidly expanding its field of application to the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Different PET radiopharmaceuticals allow characterization and quantization of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels, from which many neurodegenerative diseases develop. In addition, hybrid imaging tools such as PET/CT and PET/MRI support the utility of PET, enabling the anatomical mapping of functional data. In this overview, we describe the most commonly used PET tracers in the diagnostic work-up of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. We also briefly discuss the pathophysiological processes of tracer uptake in the brain, detailing their specific cellular pathways in clinical cases. This overview is limited to imaging agents already applied in human subjects, with particular emphasis on those tracers used in our department.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 38176937
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2206172 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Oct 2023The recent advent of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners that can image the entire human body opens up intriguing possibilities for cardiovascular research and... (Review)
Review
The recent advent of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners that can image the entire human body opens up intriguing possibilities for cardiovascular research and future clinical applications. These new systems permit radiotracer kinetics to be measured in all organs simultaneously. They are particularly well suited to study cardiovascular disease and its effects on the entire body. They could also play a role in quantitatively measuring physiologic, metabolic, and immunologic responses in healthy individuals to a variety of stressors and lifestyle interventions, and may ultimately be instrumental for evaluating novel therapeutic agents and their molecular effects across different tissues. In this review, we summarize recent progress in PET technology and methodology, discuss several emerging cardiovascular applications for total-body PET, and place this in the context of multiorgan and systems medicine. Finally, we discuss opportunities that will be enabled by the technology, while also pointing to some of the challenges that still need to be addressed.
Topics: Humans; Human Body; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Predictive Value of Tests; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37676207
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.06.022 -
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Sep 2022Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a behaviourally defined condition. Its molecular basis is unknown; however, its prevalence has been increasing significantly.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a behaviourally defined condition. Its molecular basis is unknown; however, its prevalence has been increasing significantly. There have been several abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems reported in ASD. In our review, we described studies involving positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that can provide useful and corroborative data.
METHOD
We conducted a literature review by comprehensive database searching on EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychINFO looking for articles published since January 2009. Thirty-one studies were carefully selected - 22 PET studies and 9 SPECT studies - and reviewed by 2 independent researchers. References of the articles were also cross-checked.
RESULTS
Results of the studies, which mainly involve small groups of participants, are frequently inconclusive and often controversial due to the nature of ASD and its wide spectrum. Studies are conducted under different conditions and with poor control for confounding factors which creates difficulties in comparing the data.
CONCLUSIONS
There is ongoing need to improve methodology of the studies involving molecular imaging in ASD. Lack of consistent findings causes difficulties in evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 33818321
DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2021.15 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35362695
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03430-0 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Sep 2022Microcalcification, a type of vascular calcification, increases the instability of plaque and easily leads to acute clinical events. Positron emission tomography (PET)... (Review)
Review
Microcalcification, a type of vascular calcification, increases the instability of plaque and easily leads to acute clinical events. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new examination technology with significant advantages in identifying vascular calcification, especially microcalcification. The use of the F-NaF is undoubtedly the benchmark, and other PET tracers related to vascular calcification are also currently in development. Despite all this, a large number of studies are still needed to further clarify the specific mechanisms and characteristics. This review aimed at providing a summary of the application and progress of different PET tracers and also the future development direction.
Topics: Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Fluoride; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 35834116
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01771-3 -
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Jul 2023The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission... (Review)
Review
The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of endocrine system actions in vivo in the human brain for several decades. PET radioligands have been developed to measure changes that are regulated by hormone action (e.g., glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, dopamine receptors) and actions within endocrine organs or glands such as steroids (e.g., glucocorticoids receptors), hormones (e.g., estrogen, insulin), and enzymes (e.g., aromatase). This systematic review is targeted to the neuroendocrinology community that may be interested in learning about positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for use in their research. Covering neuroendocrine PET research over the past half century, researchers and clinicians will be able to answer the question of where future research may benefit from the strengths of PET imaging.
Topics: Humans; Neuroendocrinology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Brain
PubMed: 37423505
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101081 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technology that measures 3D spatial distribution and kinetics of radio-tagged biomolecules in a living subject...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technology that measures 3D spatial distribution and kinetics of radio-tagged biomolecules in a living subject quantitatively and nondestructively. Commonly used positron-emitting radionuclides include C, N, and O, which are essential elements for plant growth. Combining radiotracer techniques with PET, this in vivo molecular imaging capability offers plant biologists a powerful tool for molecular phenotyping research. While PET is widely used clinically for cancer diagnosis and pre-clinically for drug development, it is an unfamiliar imaging tool for plant biologists. This chapter introduces the basic principles of PET, factors that affect the quantitative accuracy of PET when imaging plants, and techniques for administering radiotracers to plants for a variety of molecular plant imaging applications.
Topics: Electrons; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 35895200
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_11