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Pediatric Radiology May 2020Children with malignancies undergo recurrent imaging as part of tumor diagnosis, staging and therapy response assessment. Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)... (Review)
Review
Children with malignancies undergo recurrent imaging as part of tumor diagnosis, staging and therapy response assessment. Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) allows for decreased radiation exposure and acts as a one-stop shop for disease in which MR imaging is required. Nevertheless, PET/MR is still less readily available than PET/CT across institutions. This article serves as a guide to successful implementation of a clinical pediatric PET/MR program based on our extensive clinical experience. Challenges include making scanners more affordable and increasing patient throughput by decreasing total scan time. With improvements in workflow and robust acquisition protocols, PET/MR imaging is expected to play an increasingly important role in pediatric oncology.
Topics: Child; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Pediatrics; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32076750
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04578-z -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT)... (Review)
Review
Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanners. The virtual-pinhole PET concept offers new opportunities in PET system design, allowing one to mix and match detectors of different characteristics to achieve the highest performance such as high image resolution, high system sensitivity, and large imaging field-of-view. This novel approach delivers high-resolution PET images previously available only through organ-specific PET scanner while maintaining the imaging field-of-view of a clinical PET/CT scanner to see the entire body.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 37775372
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.002 -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 2019
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Positron-Emission Tomography; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31613195
DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19080169 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Apr 2023Copper is an essential trace element, functioning in catalysis and signaling in biological systems. Radiolabeled copper has been used for decades in studying basic human...
Copper is an essential trace element, functioning in catalysis and signaling in biological systems. Radiolabeled copper has been used for decades in studying basic human and animal copper metabolism and copper-related disorders, such as Wilson disease (WD) and Menke's disease. A recent addition to this toolkit is 64-copper (Cu) positron emission tomography (PET), combining the accurate anatomical imaging of modern computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with the biodistribution of the Cu PET tracer signal. This allows the in vivo tracking of copper fluxes and kinetics, thereby directly visualizing human and animal copper organ traffic and metabolism. Consequently, Cu PET is well-suited for evaluating clinical and preclinical treatment effects and has already demonstrated the ability to diagnose WD accurately. Furthermore, Cu PET/CT studies have proven valuable in other scientific areas like cancer and stroke research. The present article shows how to perform Cu PET/CT or PET/MR in humans. Procedures for Cu handling, patient preparation, and scanner setup are demonstrated here.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Copper; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tissue Distribution; Positron-Emission Tomography; Copper Radioisotopes; Hepatolenticular Degeneration
PubMed: 37184248
DOI: 10.3791/65109 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Jan 2023Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a dismal prognosis. Surgical resection increases survival but is reliant on accurate detection and staging of disease. In overseas...
BACKGROUND
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a dismal prognosis. Surgical resection increases survival but is reliant on accurate detection and staging of disease. In overseas studies, F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) has been shown to have high diagnostic accuracy and staging utility, but local data remain sparse, in part because the technique has hitherto been unfunded via the Medicare benefits schedule. Although Commonwealth funding for rare tumours (including of the pancreas) has been recently approved to commence in late 2022, the proposed item descriptor wording implies that PET should lead to a significant change in management. Accordingly, the aims of this study are to characterize PET findings in newly diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma using standard parameters, such as the SUV , and assess the proportion of cases in which PET altered initial management planning.
METHODS
We analysed the PET findings of these cancers (presence and degree of metabolic activity in the primary lesion, as well as within malignant nodal and metastatic lesions) and compared the pre- and post-PET management plans of the referring specialists.
RESULTS
Of 51 patients we found that (a) increasing SUV of the primary lesion correlated with an increase in disease stage (r-value = 0.335; P-value = 0.016), and (b) PET contributed to a significant change in management in 35% of patients.
CONCLUSION
In newly diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma, parameters in PET correlate with disease stage and the overall findings contribute to a significant management change in about 35% of patients.
Topics: United States; Humans; Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Fluorides; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Adenocarcinoma; Medicare; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36582048
DOI: 10.1111/ans.18236 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry May 2023With appropriate radiotracers, positron emission tomography (PET) allows direct or indirect monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of anesthetics,... (Review)
Review
With appropriate radiotracers, positron emission tomography (PET) allows direct or indirect monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of anesthetics, neurotransmitters, and biomarkers, making it an indispensable tool for studying the general anesthesia mechanism. In this Perspective, PET tracers that have been recruited in general anesthesia research are introduced in the following order: 1) C/F-labeled anesthetics, i.e., PET tracers made from inhaled and intravenous anesthetics; 2) PET tracers targeting anesthesia-related receptors, e.g., neurotransmitters and voltage-gated ion channels; and 3) PET tracers for studying anesthesia-related neurophysiological effects and neurotoxicity. The radiosynthesis, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the above PET tracers are mainly discussed to provide a practical molecular toolbox for radiochemists, anesthesiologists, and those who are interested in general anesthesia.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Anesthesia, General; Radiopharmaceuticals; Anesthetics, Intravenous
PubMed: 37145921
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01965 -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology 2023Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however... (Review)
Review
Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however current clinical imaging of treatment response does not specifically image cancer cell death but assesses this indirectly either by changes in tumor size (using x-ray computed tomography) or metabolic activity (using 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography). The ability to directly image tumor cell death soon after commencement of therapy would enable personalised response adapted approaches to cancer treatment that is presently not possible with current imaging, which is in many circumstances neither sufficiently accurate nor timely. Several cell death pathways have now been identified and characterised that present multiple potential targets for imaging cell death including externalisation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, caspase activation and La autoantigen redistribution. However, targeting one specific cell death pathway carries the risk of not detecting cell death by other pathways and it is now understood that cancer treatment induces cell death by different and sometimes multiple pathways. An alternative approach is targeting the cell death phenotype that is "agnostic" of the death pathway. Cell death phenotypes that have been targeted for cell death imaging include loss of plasma membrane integrity and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Targeting the cell death phenotype may have the advantage of being a more sensitive and generalisable approach to cancer cell death imaging. This review describes and summarises the approaches and radiopharmaceuticals investigated for imaging cell death by targeting cell death pathways or cell death phenotype.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37598518
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108380 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Jun 2022Adrenal imaging forms an important role in the workup of adrenal masses. The purpose of this review is to briefly review the traditional role of imaging in adrenal... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Adrenal imaging forms an important role in the workup of adrenal masses. The purpose of this review is to briefly review the traditional role of imaging in adrenal diseases and highlight the most recent research and new applications aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy.
RECENT FINDINGS
The current review will focus on new applications of computed tomography (CT), MRI and PET/CT imaging, addressing the implications of artificial intelligence and radiomics in progressing diagnostic accuracy.
SUMMARY
The new applications of adrenal imaging are improving diagnostic accuracy and expanding the role of imaging, particularly with novel PET radiotracers and the use of artificial intelligence.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35621177
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000730 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024PET/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable hybrid imaging modality for the evaluation of thyroid cancer, potentially impacting management decisions. F-fluorodeoxyglucose... (Review)
Review
PET/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable hybrid imaging modality for the evaluation of thyroid cancer, potentially impacting management decisions. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has proven utility for recurrence evaluation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients having thyroglobulin elevation with negative iodine scintigraphy. Aggressive histologic subtypes such as anaplastic thyroid cancer shower higher FDG uptake. F-FDOPA is the preferred PET tracer for medullary thyroid cancer. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor and arginylglycylaspartic acid -based radiotracers have emerged as promising PET agents for radioiodine refractory DTC patients with the potential for theranostic application.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Iodine Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroglobulin; Positron-Emission Tomography; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 38212213
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.001 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jan 2023
Commentary: Lest we biopsy: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography as a tool to achieve a "greater good" in the diagnosis and management of the resectable anterior mediastinal mass.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Biopsy; Neoplasm Staging; Lung Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35525804
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.02.057