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Microbiology Spectrum May 2024has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of ,...
UNLABELLED
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers the adherence and survival of through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of but also of s and , while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and . ME-mediated growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against , and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
IMPORTANCE
Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers , a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
PubMed: 38771061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03426-23 -
Anaerobe Jun 2022The dysbiosis of bacteria and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be highly problematic particularly in the oral environment. Here, we aimed...
OBJECTIVES
The dysbiosis of bacteria and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be highly problematic particularly in the oral environment. Here, we aimed to identify the anaerobic species from patients with periodontitis and to screen the isolates for the β-lactamase resistance genes, bla, cfxA, its variants, and mobA.
METHODS
The 129 samples from periodontal pockets were subjected to anaerobic culture, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PCR assays for the cfxA, bla, and mobA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, and cefixime was determined against CfxA producing isolates using MIC Test Strips.
RESULTS
The species with frequency higher than 10% were Lactobacillus spp. (26.3%), Streptococcus spp. (18.8%), Leptotrichia wadei (14%) and Veillonella spp. (11.4%). The bla was not found in any of the isolates whereas cfxA was found in 12.5% of isolates including V. parvula, V. rogosae, Prevotella nigrescens and Campylobacter concisus. Of CfxA variants, CfxA2 (90%) was the most frequent one. Among the CfxA producing isolates, the resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin was observed only in two isolates of P. nigrescens and V. rogosae.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that various anaerobes species may be involved in the development of periodontitis. Of them, Prevotella and Veillonella species were found to commonly carry cfxA even though they are susceptible to beta-lactams and its combination.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35026418
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102515 -
Anaerobe Aug 2022Periodontitis is a pathology resulting from complex interaction of microorganisms in the dental biofilm with the host's immune system. Increased use of antibiotics...
OBJECTIVES
Periodontitis is a pathology resulting from complex interaction of microorganisms in the dental biofilm with the host's immune system. Increased use of antibiotics associated with their inappropriate use has increased resistance levels in anaerobic bacteria. Therefore, identifying new antimicrobial compounds, such as chalcones, is urgent. This study evaluates the antibacterial activity and the antibiofilm activity of 15 chalcones against the periodontopathogenic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC 33563), P. oralis (ATCC 33269), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC 27337), Actinomyces viscosus (ATCC 43146), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (ATCC 25260), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586).
METHODS
The compounds were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) tests.
RESULTS
Compounds 1-6 showed good antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against most of the evaluated bacteria: MIC was lower than or equal to 6.25 μg/mL, biofilm biomass was reduced by 95%, and the compounds at concentrations between 0.78 and 100 μg/mL totally inhibited cell viability. Among the tested chalcones, 3 stood out: it was effective against all the bacteria, as revealed by the MIC and MBIC results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results have consolidated a base for the development of new studies on the effects of the tested chalcones as agents to combat and to prevent periodontitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Chalcones; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35618163
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102588 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and negatively affects dental implant success through various mechanisms. This study aimed to compare clinical and microbiological findings of individuals with dental implants with or without T2DM.
METHODS
A total of 82 dental implants which were in function >3 years, were involved. The participants were divided into 2 groups; T2DM (n: 45 implants) and systemically healthy controls (n:37 implants). Periodontal indexes (Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), and radiographic bone loss were recorded around implants in function >3 years. Subgingival microbiological samples were also collected from the peri-implant sites. Pathogens include , , , , , , , , , were evaluated.
RESULTS
Peri-implant heatlh was determined in systemically healthy (54.1%) and type 2 diabetes patients (24.4%). Peri-implantitis was also evident in systemically healthy (8.1%) and T2DM (35.6%) groups. No differences was found in shallow peri-implant pockets in both groups in terms of the prevelance of all evaluated bacteria (p > 0.05). However, , , and were isolated more frequently in deep peri-implant pockets in systemically healthy patients compared to T2DM patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Evaluted periodontal pathogens may not be affected by the presence of T2DM in implants. T2DM may not significantly alter the levels of specific periodontal pathogens in shallow and deep peri-implant pockets. , and may be affected by T2DM in implants in deep pockets.
PubMed: 35646552
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.007 -
Antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis and in vitro evaluation of free radical production.Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2022This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic infection. Additionally, we evaluate the cell viability and free radical production of human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) in direct contact with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and BRP.
DESIGN
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MIC, MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB) of BRP against anaerobic endodontic pathogens were determined. HDPF were exposed to BRP10 (10 μg/mL), BRP50 (50 μg/mL), MTA extract (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 e 1:8), dimethyl sulfoxide 0.5% (DMSO), and cell culture medium (DMEM). The groups were tested for cell viability (MTT assay), and free radical production (reactive oxygen species - ROS, DCFH-DA probe and nitric oxide - NO, Griess reagent). The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were employed at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
MIC/MBC values of BRP performed antibacterial activity for Parvimonas micra (6.25/6.25 µg/mL), Fusobacterium nucleatum (25/25 µg/mL), Prevotella melaninogenica (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella nigrescens (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella intermedia (50/100 µg/mL), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50/200 µg/mL). The MICB values ranged from 1.56 to 50 μg/mL. BRP and MTA stimulated cell viability, emphasizing BRP10 (p = 0.007). Furthermore, it was observed that MTA 1:1, MTA 1:2, and BRP50 slightly increased ROS (p < 0.001) and NO production (p = 0.008, p = 0.007, and p < 0.001 respectively) compared to DMEM group.
CONCLUSIONS
BRP exhibits good antibacterial activity against endodontic pathogens, and both BRP and MTA promote the viability of HDPF without increasing NO and ROS production.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Propolis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 36049430
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105520 -
Molecular Neurobiology Apr 2024Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in... (Review)
Review
Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in fiber. These species show complex relationships with diverse health aspects, associating with beneficial outcomes, including reduced visceral fat and improved glucose tolerance. Studies implicate various Prevotella species in specific diseases. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis were linked to periodontal disease, promoting immune responses and influencing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Prevotella bivia was associated with bacterial vaginosis and a specific increase in activated cells in the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, they have shown substantial potential for inducing connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption. Prevotella's role in neuroinflammatory disorders and autoinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease has also been noted. The complex relationship between Prevotella and age-related conditions further extends to neurobiological changes in aging, with varying associations with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other inflammatory conditions. Studies have also identified Prevotella to be implicated in cognitive decline in middle aged and the elderly. Future directions in this research area are anticipated to explore Prevotella-associated inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Investigating specific drug targets and immunomodulatory measures could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding how Prevotella-induced inflammation interacts with aging diseases would offer promising insights for treatments and interventions. This review urges ongoing research to discover therapeutic targets and mechanisms for moderating Prevotella-associated inflammation to further enhance our understanding and improve health outcomes.
PubMed: 38613648
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04156-x -
Veterinarni Medicina Feb 2023Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk...
Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk to humans. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of , and in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. Dental swab samples were taken from 25 pet cats and 25 stray cats with symptoms of periodontal disease and then investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA species-specific primers. As a result of the multiplex PCR analysis, 3/25 (12%), 1/25 (4%), + 7/25 (28%), + 1/25 (4%), + 1/25 (4%), and + + 2/25 (8%) were molecularly typed in the pet cats. In addition, 1/25 (4%) of and 21/25 (84%) of + were typed in the stray cats. In 10/25 (40%) pet and 3/25 (12%) stray cat samples, no bacteria were detected by molecular typing. In summary, the results provide strong evidence that black-pigmented zoonotic pathogens are associated with cat periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38332760
DOI: 10.17221/59/2022-VETMED -
Experimental Dermatology May 2024Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease with activated keratinocytes, tunnel formation and a complex immune infiltrate in tissue. The HS...
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease with activated keratinocytes, tunnel formation and a complex immune infiltrate in tissue. The HS microbiome is polymicrobial with an abundance of commensal gram-positive facultative (GPs) Staphylococcus species and gram-negative anaerobic (GNA) bacteria like Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas with increasing predominance of GNAs with disease severity. We sought to define the keratinocyte response to bacteria commonly isolated from HS lesions to probe pathogenic relationships between HS and the microbiome. Type strains of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella asaccharolytica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as Staphylococcus aureus and the normal skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis were heat-killed and co-incubated with normal human keratinocytes. RNA was collected and analysed using RNAseq and RT-qPCR. The supernatant was collected from cell culture for protein quantification. Transcriptomic profiles between HS clinical samples and stimulated keratinocytes were compared. Co-staining of patient HS frozen sections was used to localize bacteria in lesions. A mouse intradermal injection model was used to investigate early immune recruitment. TLR4 and JAK inhibitors were used to investigate mechanistic avenues of bacterial response inhibition. GNAs, especially F. nucleatum, stimulated vastly higher CXCL8, IL17C, CCL20, IL6, TNF and IL36γ transcription in normal skin keratinocytes than the GPs S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Using RNAseq, we found that F. nucleatum (and Prevotella) strongly induced the IL-17 pathway in keratinocytes and overlapped with transcriptome profiles of HS patient clinical samples. Bacteria were juxtaposed to activated keratinocytes in vivo, and F. nucleatum strongly recruited murine neutrophil and macrophage migration. Both the TLR4 and pan-JAK inhibitors reduced cytokine production. Detailed transcriptomic profiling of healthy skin keratinocytes exposed to GNAs prevalent in HS revealed a potent, extensive inflammatory response vastly stronger than GPs. GNAs stimulated HS-relevant genes, including many genes in the IL-17 response pathway, and were significantly associated with HS tissue transcriptomes. The close association of activated keratinocytes with bacteria in HS lesions and innate infiltration in murine skin cemented GNA pathogenic potential. These novel mechanistic insights could drive future targeted therapies.
Topics: Keratinocytes; Humans; Animals; Mice; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Transcriptome; Cytokines; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Interleukin-17; Microbiota; Prevotella
PubMed: 38685821
DOI: 10.1111/exd.15087 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Jun 2024The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare culture and microbiome results of the removed tonsils of patients with assumed distant focal disease (11 patients)...
The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare culture and microbiome results of the removed tonsils of patients with assumed distant focal disease (11 patients) and those who underwent a tonsillectomy, due to other reasons, such as recurrent tonsillitis, tonsil stones or snoring (nine patients). Aerobic culture was carried out for samples taken from the surface of the tonsils by swabs before tonsillectomy for all 20 patients. The squeezed detritus and the tissue samples of removed tonsils, taken separately for the right and left tonsils, were incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The microbiome composition of tissue samples of removed tonsils was also evaluated. Based on the culture results of the deep samples Staphylococcus aureus was the dominating pathogen, besides a great variety of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria present in the oral microbiota in those patients who underwent tonsillectomy due to distant focal diseases. Microbiome study of the core tissue samples showed a great diversity on genus and species level among patients of the two groups however, S. aureus and Prevotella nigrescens were present in higher proportion in those, whose tonsils were removed due to distant focal diseases. Our results may support previous findings about the possible triggering role of S. aureus and P. nigrescens leading to distant focal diseases. Samples taken by squeezing the tonsils could give more information about the possible pathogenic/triggering bacteria than the surface samples cultured only aerobically.
PubMed: 38941152
DOI: 10.1556/030.2024.02279 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021A growing body of evidence supports an important role for alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the aetiology of depression and other psychiatric disorders....
A growing body of evidence supports an important role for alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the aetiology of depression and other psychiatric disorders. The potential role of the oral microbiome in mental health has received little attention, even though it is one of the most diverse microbiomes in the body and oral dysbiosis has been linked to systemic diseases with an underlying inflammatory aetiology. This study examines the structure and composition of the salivary microbiome for the first time in young adults who met the DSM-IV criteria for depression (n = 40) and matched controls (n = 43) using 16S rRNA gene-based next generation sequencing. Subtle but significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of the salivary microbiome were observed, with clear separation of depressed and healthy control cohorts into distinct clusters. A total of 21 bacterial taxa were found to be differentially abundant in the depressed cohort, including increased Neisseria spp. and Prevotella nigrescens, while 19 taxa had a decreased abundance. In this preliminary study we have shown that the composition of the oral microbiome is associated with depression in young adults. Further studies are now warranted, particuarly investigations into whether such shifts play any role in the underling aetiology of depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Mouth; Saliva; Young Adult
PubMed: 34294835
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94498-6