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Hawai'i Journal of Health & Social... Nov 2019Infection is a rare but serious complication of shoulder arthroplasty. The most prevalent cause of patient infections is (formerly ), a commensal skin bacterial...
Infection is a rare but serious complication of shoulder arthroplasty. The most prevalent cause of patient infections is (formerly ), a commensal skin bacterial species. Its presentation is often non-specific and can occur long after shoulder arthroplasty, leading to delay in diagnosis. This bacterium is difficult to culture, typically taking 14 to 17 days for a positive culture and often does not exhibit abnormal results on a standard laboratory workup for infection (eg, ESR, CRP, and synovial WBC count). Male patients are at particularly high-risk due to having a greater number of sebaceous follicles than females. While it is difficult to diagnose, early diagnosis can lead to decreased morbidity, appropriate treatment, and improved clinical outcomes. Current options for treatment include antibiotics, one stage implant exchange, or two stage implant exchange, although success rates of each are not currently well described. A better understanding of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection could lead to better patient outcomes from shoulder arthroplasty.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Sex Factors; Shoulder Joint; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 31773103
DOI: No ID Found -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021, newly reclassified as , is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium causing acne, found mainly on the skin. In addition, is responsible for inflammation of the gums...
, newly reclassified as , is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium causing acne, found mainly on the skin. In addition, is responsible for inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and blood vessels, consequently leading to various diseases in the human body. In recent years, the evolution of microorganisms, such as that have become resistant to many commercial antibiotics due to the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases has emerged as a major clinical problem. We here analyzed the potential use of 37 medicinal plant extracts as plausible candidates for treating , in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidants scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Consequently, methanol extracts from 14 medicinal plants showed promising antimicrobial activities against . . In particular, as the extracts from F. and L. exhibited distinct antimicrobial activities in both the broth dilution and disc diffusion assay, they could be effectively used as active ingredients for preventing or treating inflammatory periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis.
PubMed: 34572674
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091092 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2022Sarcoidosis is a rare disease of isolated or diffuse granulomatous inflammation. Although any organs can be affected by sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis is a fatal... (Review)
Review
Sarcoidosis is a rare disease of isolated or diffuse granulomatous inflammation. Although any organs can be affected by sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis is a fatal disorder, and it is crucial to accurately diagnose it to prevent sudden death due to dysrhythmia. Although endomyocardial biopsy is invasive and has limited sensitivity for identifying granulomas, it is the only modality that yields a definitive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. It is imperative to develop novel pathological approaches for the precise diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Here, we aimed to discuss commonly used diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis and to summarize useful and novel histopathologic criteria of cardiac sarcoidosis. While classical histologic observations including noncaseating granulomas and multinucleated giant cells (typically Langhans type) are the most important findings, others such as microgranulomas, CD68 CD163 pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophage accumulation, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, components, lymphangiogenesis, confluent fibrosis, and fatty infiltration may help to improve the sensitivity of endomyocardial biopsy for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis. These novel histologic findings are based on the pathology of cardiac sarcoidosis. We also discussed the principal histologic differential diagnoses of cardiac sarcoidosis, such as tuberculosis myocarditis, fungal myocarditis, giant cell myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
PubMed: 35011991
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010251 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of both BPH and PCa. However, potential stimuli that cause or maintain inflammation in the prostate gland are still poorly characterized. Bacterial infections seems to be one of the potential sources of prostatitis. Recent studies show that is the most prevalent microorganism in the prostate gland and may be a predisposing factor for inflammation of prostatic tissue. It indicates that may contribute to cancer development by enhancing proinflammatory responses, as well as by modifying the prostate extracellular environment. In this review, we discuss the potential role of in the development of BPH and PCa and highlight the importance of regulatory T CD4(+)FoxP3(+) (Treg) and Th17 cells in response to infection in the context of both prostate diseases.
Topics: Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 36012113
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168849 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Mar 2023Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinisation, skin microbiome dysbiosis and local immuno-inflammation. Recent key studies have highlighted a better understanding of the important role of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in the development of acne. Three major findings in the last decade include: (1) the ability of C. acnes to self-organize in a biofilm associated with a more virulent activity, (2) the loss of the C. acnes phylotype diversity and (3) the central role of the Th17 pathway in acne inflammation. Indeed, there is a close link between C. acnes and the activation of the Th17 immuno-inflammatory pathway at the initiation of acne development. These mechanisms are directly linked to the loss of C. acnes phylotype diversity during acne, with a predominance of the pro-pathogenic phylotype IA1. This specifically contributes to the induction of the Th17-mediated immuno-inflammatory response involving skin cells, such as keratinocytes, monocytes and sebocytes. These advancements have led to new insights into the underlying mechanisms which can be harnessed to develop novel treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. A major disadvantage of traditional treatment with topical antibiotics is that they induce cutaneous dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, future treatments would no longer aim to 'kill' C. acnes, but to maintain the skin microbiota balance allowing for tissue homeostasis, specifically, the restoration of C. acnes phylotype diversity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of acne, with a focus on the prominent role of C. acnes and the Th17-inflammatory pathways involved.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Dermatitis; Skin Diseases; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36729400
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18794 -
Microorganisms Jan 2023The immunohistochemical detection of in sarcoid granulomas suggests its potential role in granuloma formation. is the sole microorganism ever isolated from sarcoid... (Review)
Review
The immunohistochemical detection of in sarcoid granulomas suggests its potential role in granuloma formation. is the sole microorganism ever isolated from sarcoid lesions. Histopathologic analysis of some sarcoid lymph nodes reveals latent infection and intracellular proliferation of cell-wall-deficient followed by insoluble immune-complex formation. Activation of T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses by is generally higher in sarcoidosis patients than in healthy individuals. Pulmonary granulomatosis caused by an experimental adjuvant-induced allergic immune response to is preventable by antimicrobials, suggesting that the allergic reaction targets commensal in the lungs. is the most common bacterium detected intracellularly in human peripheral lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Some sarcoidosis patients have increased amounts of -derived circulating immune complexes, which suggests the proliferation of in affected organs. In predisposed individuals with hypersensitive Th1 immune responses to , granulomas may form to confine the intracellular proliferation of latent triggered by certain host-related or drug-induced conditions. Current clinical trials in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis are evaluating combined treatment with steroids and antimicrobials during active disease with continued antimicrobial therapy while tapering off steroids after the disease subsides.
PubMed: 36838255
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020289 -
Experimental Dermatology Jun 2022Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an organism implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Despite regular immersion in antimicrobial chlorine, adolescent swimmers suffer...
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an organism implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Despite regular immersion in antimicrobial chlorine, adolescent swimmers suffer from acne and tend to be resistant to standard therapies. Given the presence of Pseudomonas within swimming facilities, we hypothesized that "swimmer acne" is potentially driven by a different microbial mechanism. In this study, we aimed to examine the microbial dynamics of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, a family of gram-negative bacteria (includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa), in swimmers and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of acne in this population. Using fluorescence photography that measures the Coproporphyrin III (CPIII), we quantitated an absolute abundance of C. acnes present on the face of each participant pre- and post-swimming. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to assess relative abundance of the skin microbiota on each participant pre- and post-swimming. 16 swimmers (8 girls and 8 boys) completed the study. Seven had acne on the face. The CPIII fluorescence levels decreased for all swimmers after 1 h of swimming (p-value <0.001). In contrast, the relative abundance of C. acnes remained unchanged, while that of Pseudomonadaceae increased after swimming (p-value =0.027). Comparing the relative abundances of Pseudomonadaceae before swimming, there was a significant increase in variance from the mean in acne group as compared to no acne group (p-value <0.001). Taken together, we conclude that the skin dysbiosis resulting from repeated decolonization and colonization of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, respectively, can potentially be associated with the pathogenesis of acne in swimmers.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin
PubMed: 35118730
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14535 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2022The close balance between Cutibacterium acnes and the skin flora, particularly between C. acnes phylotypes, has been suggested to play an important role in the onset of...
BACKGROUND
The close balance between Cutibacterium acnes and the skin flora, particularly between C. acnes phylotypes, has been suggested to play an important role in the onset of acne. C. acnes has been classified into ribotypes (RTs) based on polymorphisms in its 16S rRNA sequence, with RT4 and RT5 being associated with the onset of acne and RT6 with healthy skin.
AIMS
The present study investigated the impact of erythritol on the growth of C. acnes strains classified into different RTs and attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects.
METHODS
Culturing tests were performed on several RTs of C. acnes with or without erythritol. A transcriptional analysis of HM554 (RT6) and HM514 (RT5) was also conducted.
RESULTS
The growth of RT2 and RT6, RTs associated with healthy skin, was significantly promoted in a medium containing 10% (W/W) erythritol, whereas that of RT1, RT3, RT4, RT5, and RT8, RTs associated with the development of acne, was inhibited. A RNA-seq analysis of HM554 showed that the expression of six genes (EIGs) potentially involved in carbohydrate metabolism was strongly induced by the presence of 10% erythritol (Log fold change >2.0 and p-value <0.05). A comparative expression analysis by qPCR revealed that EIGs other than g3pD were strongly induced by erythritol in HM514, similar to HM554, whereas g3pD was only slightly induced.
CONCLUSION
Erythritol inhibited the growth of RTs associated with acne and promoted that of RTs associated with healthy skin. The enzyme encoded by g3pD may play an important role in the metabolism of erythritol and the dissolution of its growth inhibitory effects on C. acnes.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ribotyping; Erythritol; Propionibacterium acnes; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 35364613
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14958 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Jan 2024Although cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is closely associated with neck pain, its cause remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of cervical disc...
BACKGROUND
Although cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is closely associated with neck pain, its cause remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of cervical disc degeneration and discogenic neck pain induced by a low concentration of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes-L) is investigated to explore the possible mechanisms of cervical discogenic pain.
METHODS
Cervical IVD degeneration and discitis was induced in 8-week-old male rats in C3-C6 IVDs through the anterior intervertebral puncture with intradiscal injections of low and high concentrations of P. acnes (P. acnes-L, n = 20 and P. acnes-H, n = 15) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, n = 15), compared to control (injection with PBS, n = 20). The structural changes in the cervical IVD using micro-CT, histological evaluation, and gene expression assays after MRI scans at 2 and 6 weeks post-modeling. The P. acnes-L induced IVD degeneration model was assessed for cervical spine MRI, histological degeneration, pain-like behaviors (guarding behavior and forepaw von Frey), nerve fiber growth in the IVD endplate region, and DRG TNF-α and CGRP.
RESULTS
IVD injection with P. acnes-L induced IVD degeneration with decreased IVD height and MRI T2 values. IVD injection with P. acnes-H and S. aureus both lead to discitis-like changes on T2-weighted MRI, trabecular bone remodeling on micro-CT, and osseous fusion after damage in the cartilage endplate adjacent to the injected IVD. Eventually, rats in the P. acnes-L group exhibited significant nociceptive hypersensitivity, nerve fiber ingrowth was observed in the IVD endplate region, inflammatory activity in the DRG was significantly increased compared to the control group, and the expression of the pain neurotransmitter CGRP was significantly upregulated.
CONCLUSION
P. acnes-L was validated to induce cervical IVD degeneration and discogenic pain phenotype, while P. acnes-H induced was identified to resemble septic discitis comparable to those caused by S. aureus infection.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Propionibacterium acnes; Discitis; Neck Pain; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Staphylococcus aureus; Intervertebral Disc; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38297365
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03269-x -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Oct 2023The majority of literature on bacterial flora in the disc stands disadvantaged in utilizing traditional culture methods and targeting a single bacterium, Cutibacterium...
"Are we barking up the wrong tree? Too much emphasis on Cutibacterium acnes and ignoring other pathogens"- a study based on next-generation sequencing of normal and diseased discs.
BACKGROUND
The majority of literature on bacterial flora in the disc stands disadvantaged in utilizing traditional culture methods and targeting a single bacterium, Cutibacterium acnes.
PURPOSE
Our objective was to document the diversity in the bacterial flora between normal and degenerated discs for shortlisting potential pathogens using next-generation genomic tools.
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental case-control study.
METHODS
Researchers employed 16S metagenome sequencing to profile bacterial diversity in magnetic resonance imaging normal healthy discs from brain-dead organ voluntary donors (n=20) and 40 degenerated disc samples harvested during surgery (Modic [MC]=20 and non-Modic [NMC]=20). The V3-V4 region was amplified using universal bacterial primers 341F and 806R, and the libraries were sequenced using Illumina NovoSeq 6000 platform. Statistical significance was set at bacteria with a minimum of 100 operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and present in at least 70% of the samples. The quality check-filtered reads were processed using the QIIME-2 pipeline. The OTU clustering and taxonomic classification were carried out for the merged reads using the Greengenes/SILVA reference database. Validation was done by identification of bacterial metabolites in samples using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach.
RESULTS
Abundant bacteria differing widely in diversity, as evidenced by Alfa and Beta diversity analysis, were present in all control and degenerative samples. The number of bacterial genera was 27 (14-gram-positive: 13-gram-negative) in the control group, 23 (10-gram-positive: 11-gram-negative) in the Modic group, and 16 (11-gram-positive: 5-gram-negative) in the non-Modic group. In the Modic group, gram-negative bacteria OTUs were found to be predominant (more than 50% of the total bacteria identified), whereas in control and non-Modic groups the OTUs of gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Species-level analysis revealed an abundance of opportunistic gram-negative pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sphingomonos paucibacillus, and Ochrobactrum quorumnocens in the discs with Modic changes, more than in non-Modic discs. The presence of bacterial metabolites and quorum-sensing molecules like N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, 2-aminoacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate, PE (16:1(9Z)/18:0) and phthalic acid validated the colonization and cell-cell communication of bacteria in disc ruling out contamination theory. Cutibacterium acnes was not the predominant bacteria in any of the three groups of discs and in fact was in the 16th position in the order of abundance in the control discs (0.72%), seventh position in the Modic discs (1.41%), and 12th position (0.53%) in the non-Modic discs.
CONCLUSION
This study identified a predominance of gram-negative bacteria in degenerated discs and highlights that Cutibacterium acnes may not be the only degeneration-causing bacteria. This may be attributed to the environment, diet, and lifestyle habits of the sample population. Though the study does not reveal the exact pathogen, it may pave the way for future studies on the subject.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These findings invite further investigation into causal relationships of bacterial profile with disc degeneration phenotypes as well as phenotype-driven clinical treatment protocols.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Propionibacterium acnes; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Intervertebral Disc
PubMed: 37369253
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.06.396