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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of...
Nurses experience psychosocial work stress that may negatively affect physical and mental health over time. In this cross-sectional study we investigated prevalence of job stress and oxidative stress in nurses, and determined if significant relationships exist between higher job stress scores and demographic factors and working conditions. Emergency department nurses ( = 42) were recruited from a University Hospital following Institutional Review Board approval. Job stress indicators, effort-reward ratio and overcommitment were evaluated from survey questionnaires using the effort-reward imbalance model, and associations with age, sex, body mass index, and working conditions were measured by logistic regression analysis. Oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant levels were measured from urine specimens. Job stress was prevalent with effort-reward ratio > 1 in 93% and overcommitment > 50 in 83% of the study participants. Age, body mass index, years of experience, weekend work, work hours per week, and shift work showed strong associations with effort-reward ratio and overcommitment scores. Malondialdehyde was higher in participants with high overcommitment. We report that psychosocial job stress is prevalent among nurses, as revealed by the high effort-reward and overcommitment scores. Job stress may be reduced through implementation of appropriate stress reduction interventions.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Nurses; Occupational Stress; Oxidative Stress; Prevalence; Reward; Risk; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workload; Young Adult
PubMed: 31487874
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183243 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2022Dysmenorrhea with high prevalence has been categorized as primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and secondary dysmenorrhea due to differences in pathogenesis. A significant number... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Sprint-Interval Exercise Using a Spinning Bike Improves Physical Fitness and Ameliorates Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Through Hormone and Inflammation Modulations: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Dysmenorrhea with high prevalence has been categorized as primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and secondary dysmenorrhea due to differences in pathogenesis. A significant number of reproductive females suffering from monthly menstruation have to deal with negative impacts on their quality of life, work/study productivity, activities, and social relationships. In addition to medical treatment, exercise has been recognized as a complementary and alternative strategy for disease prevention, alleviation, and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of exercise on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, physiological modulation, and physical fitness. Participants consisted of university students who were enrolled in the study and divided into a non-PD (Control) and a PD group based on recruiting criteria, the latter being randomly assigned to either an untreated dysmenorrhea group or a dysmenorrhea group that underwent 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise (Dysmen and DysmenHIIT, respectively). The DysmenHIIT group used spinning bikes and the training intensity was validated by heart rate monitors and BORG rating of perceived exertion. Forms containing participant information (premenstrual symptoms, menstrual distress, and a Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) as well as physical fitness, biochemical variables, hormone and prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2α) levels were assessed before and after the exercise intervention. After intervention, premenstrual symptoms (anger, anxiety, depression, activity level, fatigue, etc.), menstrual distress symptoms (cramps, aches, swelling, etc.), and pain severity were shown to be significantly mitigated, possibly through hormone (estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, and cortisol) modulation. Furthermore, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), PGE2 and PGF2α levels were also down-regulated, resulting in the amelioration of uterine contraction and inflammation. Participants' physical fitness, including cardiovascular endurance and explosive force, was significantly improved after HIIT. The 10-week HIIT spinning bike exercise used in this study could be employed as a potential and complementary treatment for PD symptoms alleviation and considered as part of an educational health plan for promoting women's health. However, the effects of HIIT utilizing different exercise methods and accounting for different age populations and secondary PD warrant further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Dysmenorrhea; Bicycling; Quality of Life; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Physical Fitness; Hormones; Inflammation
PubMed: 36523895
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.595 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2023Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only approach to prevent further optic nerve head... (Review)
Review
Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only approach to prevent further optic nerve head damage. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for glaucoma patients. In recent years, a significant milestone in glaucoma treatment has been a transition to prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) as the first line of drugs. The rapid shift from traditional β-blockers to PGAs is primarily due to their excellent efficacy, convenient once-a-day usage, better diurnal control of IOP, and systemic safety profiles. This review article aims to provide information regarding the various PGAs in practice and also the newer promising drugs.
Topics: Humans; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Travoprost; Latanoprost; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Ophthalmology; Antihypertensive Agents; Amides; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Glaucoma; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 37203029
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2706_22 -
Placenta Jan 2021Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) are the two most prominent prostanoids in parturition. They are involved in cervical ripening, membrane rupture, myometrial... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) are the two most prominent prostanoids in parturition. They are involved in cervical ripening, membrane rupture, myometrial contraction and inflammation in gestational tissues. Because multiple receptor subtypes for PGE2 and PGF2α exist, coupled with diverse signaling pathways, the effects of PGE2 and PGF2α depend largely on the spatial and temporal expression of these receptors in intrauterine tissues. It appears that PGE2 and PGF2α play different roles in parturition. PGE2 is probably more important for labor onset, while PGF2α may play a more important role in labor accomplishment, which may be attributed to the differential effects of PGE2 and PGF2α in gestational tissues. PGE2 is more powerful than PGF2α in the induction of cervical ripening. In terms of myometrial contraction, PGE2 produces a biphasic effect with an initial contraction and a following relaxation, while PGF2α consistently stimulates myometrial contraction. In the fetal membranes, both PGE2 and PGF2α appear to be involved in the process of membrane rupture. In addition, PGE2 and PGF2α may also participate in the inflammatory process of intrauterine tissues at parturition by stimulating not only neutrophil influx and cytokine production but also cyclooxygenase-2 expression thereby intensifying their own production. This review summarizes the differential roles of PGE2 and PGF2α in parturition with respect to their production and expression of receptor subtypes in gestational tissues. Dissecting the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of PGE2 and PGF2α in parturition may assist in developing specific therapeutic targets for preterm and post-term birth.
Topics: Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Myometrium; Parturition; Pregnancy; Uterine Contraction
PubMed: 33429118
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.12.012 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid-derived autacoids that are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenases and PG terminal synthases. PGs consist of... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid-derived autacoids that are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenases and PG terminal synthases. PGs consist of PGD, PGE, PGF, prostacyclin (PGI), and thromboxane A, which act through G protein-coupled receptors. PGs sustain homeostatic functions and exert a variety of pathophysiological roles to regulate the development of various diseases such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Adipocytes (fat cells) have the unique capacity to accumulate large amounts of lipids as energy source in lipid droplets. Adipogenesis is the process of differentiation from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, which is regulated by various adipogenic transcription factors. Obesity is defined as an abnormal increase in adipose tissue mass and is considered to be a risk factor for the development of lifestyle-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes insights into the roles of PGD, PGF, and their synthases in the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Obesity; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F
PubMed: 35908908
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00210 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Aug 2023Dysmenorrhea is a prevalent gynecological disease among women at reproductive age. It is classified as the primary dysmenorrhea and the secondary dysmenorrhea according... (Review)
Review
Dysmenorrhea is a prevalent gynecological disease among women at reproductive age. It is classified as the primary dysmenorrhea and the secondary dysmenorrhea according to the etiology. The primary dysmenorrhea is caused by uterine hypercontraction without any identifiable pelvic lesions, while the secondary dysmenorrhea is incurred by gynecological disorder with pelvic organic lesions. However, the underlying mechanism of dysmenorrhea is not completely clear. Animal models of dysmenorrhea, especially mouse and rat model, are helpful to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of dysmenorrhea, clarify the therapeutic effect of compounds, and guide clinical treatment. The murine model of primary dysmenorrhea is commonly induced by oxytocin or prostaglandin F, while the secondary dysmenorrhea murine model was further created by injecting oxytocin on the basis of the established primary disease model. This review summarizes the current progress of dysmenorrhea models in rodent, including experimental methods, corresponding evaluation indexes, and the advantages and disadvantages of various murine dysmenorrhea models, in order to provide a reference for the selection of murine dysmenorrhea models and the further study of the pathophysiological mechanism of dysmenorrhea.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mice; Rats; Animals; Dysmenorrhea; Oxytocin; Disease Models, Animal; Uterus; Dinoprost
PubMed: 37010703
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01220-0 -
PloS One 2021Prostaglandins are thought to be important mediators in the initiation of human labour, however the evidence supporting this is not entirely clear. Determining how, and...
Prostaglandins are thought to be important mediators in the initiation of human labour, however the evidence supporting this is not entirely clear. Determining how, and which, prostaglandins change during pregnancy and labour may provide insight into mechanisms governing labour initiation and the potential to predict timing of labour onset. The current study systematically searched the existing scientific literature to determine how biofluid levels of prostaglandins change throughout pregnancy before and during labour, and whether prostaglandins and/or their metabolites may be useful for prediction of labour. The databases EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for English-language articles on prostaglandins measured in plasma, serum, amniotic fluid, or urine during pregnancy and/or spontaneous labour. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias and a qualitative summary of included studies was generated. Our review identified 83 studies published between 1968-2021 that met the inclusion criteria. As measured in amniotic fluid, levels of PGE2, along with PGF2α and its metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α were reported higher in labour compared to non-labour. In blood, only 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α was reported higher in labour. Additionally, PGF2α, PGF1α, and PGE2 were reported to increase in amniotic fluid as pregnancy progressed, though this pattern was not consistent in plasma. Overall, the evidence supporting changes in prostaglandin levels in these biofluids remains unclear. An important limitation is the lack of data on the complexity of the prostaglandin pathway outside of the PGE and PGF families. Future studies using new methodologies capable of co-assessing multiple prostaglandins and metabolites, in large, well-defined populations, will help provide more insight as to the identification of exactly which prostaglandins and/or metabolites consistently change with labour. Revisiting and revising our understanding of the prostaglandins may provide better targets for clinical monitoring of pregnancies. This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Body Fluids; Databases, Factual; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Labor Onset; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocics; Plasma; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Serum; Urine
PubMed: 34793529
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260115 -
Life Science Alliance Jul 2023Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for...
Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for regulating mammalian reproductive cycles and blood pressure, inducing term labor, and treating ocular disorders. PGF2α exerts effects via activation of calcium and PKC signaling, however, little is known about the cellular events imposed by PGF2α signaling. Here, we explored the early effects of PGF2α on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the bovine corpus luteum employing relevant and well characterized in vivo and in vitro approaches. We identified PKC/ERK and AMPK as critical protein kinases essential for activation of mitochondrial fission proteins, DRP1 and MFF. Furthermore, we report that PGF2α elicits increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and promotes receptor-mediated activation of PINK-Parkin mitophagy. These findings place the mitochondrium as a novel target in response to luteolytic mediator, PGF2α. Understanding intracellular processes occurring during early luteolysis may serve as a target for improving fertility.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Dinoprost; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Mitophagy; Corpus Luteum; Signal Transduction; Mammals
PubMed: 37188480
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301968 -
JCI Insight Dec 2023Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic parenchymal lung disease characterized by repetitive alveolar cell injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition for which unmet need persists for effective therapeutics. The bioactive eicosanoid, prostaglandin F2α, and its cognate receptor FPr (Ptgfr) are implicated as a TGF-β1-independent signaling hub for IPF. To assess this, we leveraged our published murine PF model (IER-SftpcI73T) expressing a disease-associated missense mutation in the surfactant protein C (Sftpc) gene. Tamoxifen-treated IER-SftpcI73T mice developed an early multiphasic alveolitis and transition to spontaneous fibrotic remodeling by 28 days. IER-SftpcI73T mice crossed to a Ptgfr-null (FPr-/-) line showed attenuated weight loss and gene dosage-dependent rescue of mortality compared with FPr+/+ cohorts. IER-SftpcI73T/FPr-/- mice also showed reductions in multiple fibrotic endpoints for which administration of nintedanib was not additive. Single-cell RNA-Seq, pseudotime analysis, and in vitro assays demonstrated Ptgfr expression predominantly within adventitial fibroblasts, which were reprogrammed to an "inflammatory/transitional" cell state in a PGF2α /FPr-dependent manner. Collectively, the findings provide evidence for a role for PGF2α signaling in IPF, mechanistically identify a susceptible fibroblast subpopulation, and establish a benchmark effect size for disruption of this pathway in mitigating fibrotic lung remodeling.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dinoprost; Fibroblasts; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Fibrosis; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 37934604
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172977 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Mar 2021To discuss a new class of medication that has recently become available for the treatment of glaucoma; as well as share insights into developments in glaucoma medicine... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To discuss a new class of medication that has recently become available for the treatment of glaucoma; as well as share insights into developments in glaucoma medicine administration which has the potential to revolutionize medical therapy for glaucoma.
RECENT FINDINGS
Newly available eye drops, netarsudil 0.02% and latanoprostene bunod 0.024%, are improving aqueous outflow through the conventional outflow tract. Other new developments in medical glaucoma are focused on alternative methods for sustained glaucoma medication delivery.
SUMMARY
Newer medications may be able to extend the duration of medically controlled glaucoma, delaying or possibly eliminating the need of glaucoma surgery for some patients. Alternative methods of delivery for glaucoma medications may be a key factor in improving outcomes with currently available medications.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzoates; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; beta-Alanine; rho-Associated Kinases
PubMed: 33395110
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000740