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Theriogenology Jun 2022This study aimed to assess the ovulatory response of deslorelin acetate during the fall and the response to PGF2α 8 d post-ovulation. One hundred estrous cycles from...
This study aimed to assess the ovulatory response of deslorelin acetate during the fall and the response to PGF2α 8 d post-ovulation. One hundred estrous cycles from 22 mares kept in 40° latitude were evaluated. Mares were checked by transrectal ultrasonography until a preovulatory follicle was detected and ovulation induced with deslorelin acetate. Ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonography performed at 24, 36 h post-induction and then repeated at 2-h intervals post-induction. Serum progesterone concentrations and luteal tissue area were determined daily to assess CL function. A dose of PGF2α was administered 8 d post-ovulation and interval to the subsequent ovulation was observed; each mare completed up to five cycles. The effects of local climate on endpoints were analyzed. Cycles were grouped as early (Sept 13, 2020-Oct 31, 2020; n = 55; 22 mares) and late fall (Nov 1, 2020-Dec 31, 2020; n = 45; 20 mares) based on the date of induction. The overall number of cycles with ovulations between 24 and 48 h was 90%. The number of multiple ovulations were similar between early (n = 5) and late (n = 4) fall (P = 0.87). There were no differences in deemed spontaneous ovulations occurring before 24 h between early (n = 6) and late (n = 2) fall (P = 0.29). Two failures to respond to deslorelin by 48 h were recorded in early fall and none in the late fall. The interval from induction to ovulation was similar in early (40.6 ± 0.4 h) and late (41.2 ± 0.5 h) fall (P = 0.55). The percentage of mares ovulating between 36 and 48 h post-deslorelin did not vary between early and late fall (91 vs. 95%, P = 0.21), as did not for ovulation occurring between 38 h and 44 h (62 vs. 60%, P = 0.69). Edema scores varied with time relative to ovulation (P < 0.001) and were lower in late fall (P = 0.01). Progesterone concentrations varied with time (P < 0.001) but did not differ between early and late fall (P = 0.73) and correlated weakly with the luteal area (r = 0.13; P = 0.031). Follicles <35 mm at the PGF2α had a shorter interval to the next ovulation than follicles ≥ 35 mm (9.2 ± 0.5 d vs. 10.6 ± 1.2 d) (P = 0.03). Lower temperature was associated with a smaller follicle size at induction (P = 0.0021) and ovulation (P = 0.009) and lower relative humidity was associated with a larger follicle size at ovulation (P = 0.032). In conclusion, cycling mares displayed a highly efficacious response to deslorelin acetate and apparently normal luteal function during the fall, despite lower edema scores in late fall.
Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Female; Horses; Ovarian Follicle; Ovulation; Progesterone; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 35405532
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.003 -
Theriogenology Sep 2021During an ovulatory follicular wave in the monovulatory species of heifers, mares, and women, the two largest follicles deviate in diameter at the end of a common... (Review)
Review
During an ovulatory follicular wave in the monovulatory species of heifers, mares, and women, the two largest follicles deviate in diameter at the end of a common follicle growth phase. The largest follicle before deviation becomes the future ovulatory follicle in most ovulatory waves. In 10-30% of the ovulatory waves, the destiny of the two follicles switches just before or at deviation so that the second-largest follicle becomes the future ovulatory follicle, and the largest follicle becomes a subordinate. In FSH-driven switching in heifers, mares, and women, the wave-stimulating FSH surge decreases to a low concentration before the largest follicle has developed the ability to utilize the low concentrations. The concentrations of FSH then increase (mares, women) or cease to decrease (heifers), and the next largest follicle acquires the capability of becoming the future ovulatory follicle. Luteolysis-driven switching has been reported in heifers but not in mares and women. The switching in heifers occurs during ovulatory wave 3 of three wave interovulatory intervals (IOI) when the wave of follicles is in the common growth phase in synchrony with the time of luteolysis. Regression of the CL during the common growth phase of ovulatory wave 3 is accompanied by decreased activity of follicles that are adjacent to the regressing CL but not when follicles and CL are separated or in opposite ovaries. The role of luteolysis in switching in heifers has been tested by treating with PGF2α when the largest follicle of wave 2 was near the end of the common growth phase. Switching in destiny of the largest follicle from the expected future dominant to a future subordinate occurred in most waves (10 of 17) when the largest follicle and regressing CL were in the same ovary and adjacent but not when separated in the same ovary or when in opposite ovaries (0 of 11). The newly selected future ovulatory follicle may develop in the opposite ovary. Thereby, frequency of the contralateral vs ipsilateral relationship between the preovulatory follicle and CL in heifers is greater in three-wave IOI than in two-wave IOI. In summary, the second largest predeviation follicle becomes the postdeviation dominant follicle when the decreasing FSH is out of phase with the largest predeviation follicle in heifers, mares, and women or when luteolysis and predeviation are in synchrony in heifers.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Horses; Luteolysis; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation
PubMed: 34058507
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.002 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Nov 2023In the recent decades, prostaglandins were recommended as a new therapeutic modality of stable vitiligo with promising efficacy. Therefore, we designed the current work...
In the recent decades, prostaglandins were recommended as a new therapeutic modality of stable vitiligo with promising efficacy. Therefore, we designed the current work to compare the significance of two different subtypes of prostaglandins [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) versus prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α)], assisted with NB-UVB phototherapy, in treatment of stable vitiligo. This study was conducted on 30 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo. Three approximately similar vitiliginous areas were chosen in each patient and assigned into 3 groups. Each group treated with intradermal injection of either PGE2 (group I), PGF2α (group II), or saline as placebo (group III) at frequency once/week for 12 weeks. Concomitantly, all groups received NB-UVB phototherapy twice weekly for 3 months. The outcomes of this study discovered that the therapeutic efficacy of intradermal injection of either PGE2 or PGF2α assisted with NB-UVB phototherapy was comparable with non-significant difference between them in spite of being significantly higher than NB-UVB alone. However, there were a significantly earlier onset of repigmentation and higher degree of satisfaction regarding areas treated with PGE2 than those treated with PGF2α. In conclusion, both PGF2α and PGE2 intradermal injection could be considered as quite simple and affordable techniques in the treatment of stable vitiligo with no reported side effects and good patient satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Dinoprostone; Dinoprost; Vitiligo; Hypopigmentation; Prostaglandins; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 37594537
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02700-8 -
Animal Reproduction Science Mar 2023Visfatin/NAMPT creates a hormonal link between energy metabolism and female reproduction. A recent study documented visfatin expression in the ovary and its action on...
Visfatin/NAMPT creates a hormonal link between energy metabolism and female reproduction. A recent study documented visfatin expression in the ovary and its action on follicular cells; however, the expression of visfatin in luteal cells is still unknown. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the transcript and protein expression of visfatin as well as its immunolocalization in the corpus luteum (CL) and to examine the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in the regulation of visfatin level in response to LH, insulin, progesterone (P), prostaglandin E (PGE) and F (PGF). Corpora lutea were harvested from gilts on days 2-3, 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle and on days 10-11, 12-13, 15-16 and 27-28 of pregnancy. The current study demonstrated that visfatin expression depends on hormonal status related to the phase of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. Visfatin was immunolocalized to the cytoplasm of small and large luteal cells. Moreover, visfatin protein abundance was increased by P, and decreased by both prostaglandins, while LH and insulin have modulatory effects, depending on the phase of the cycle. Interestingly, LH, P and PGE effects were abolished in response to the inhibition of ERK1/2 kinase. Thus, this study demonstrated that expression of visfatin in the porcine CL is determined by the endocrine status related to the estrous cycle and early pregnancy and by the action of LH, insulin, P and prostaglandins via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Swine; Animals; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Corpus Luteum; Progesterone; Estrous Cycle; Prostaglandins; Dinoprostone; Insulins; Dinoprost
PubMed: 36913896
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107212 -
European Journal of Applied Physiology Dec 2019Breath-hold diving results in significant changes in blood gases' levels. Challenging variations in oxygen partial pressures may induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)...
PURPOSE
Breath-hold diving results in significant changes in blood gases' levels. Challenging variations in oxygen partial pressures may induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that exacerbate oxidative stress and, consequently, affect endothelial function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breath-hold diving on oxidative stress damage, assessing ROS production. Nitric oxide metabolites, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), aminothiols, and renal function were evaluated too as markers of redox status and renal damage.
METHODS
ROS production was assessed with electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxidative status values were measured at pre- and post-40 m dive in a deep swimming pool (Y-40) from six divers (mean age 46.6 ± 9.3 years; height 176 ± 4 cm; BMI 25 ± 2.9 kg/m).
RESULTS
Significant (p < 0.05) increases at post-dive of ROS production rate (0.158 ± 0.003 vs 0.195 ± 0.006 μmol min), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane: 375.67 ± 195.62 vs 420.49 ± 232.31 pg mg creatinine), nitrate (27.91 ± 19.71 vs 30.80 ± 20.44 μM), iNOS (31.30 ± 4.52 vs 35.68 ± 6.72 IU mL) and neopterin concentration (96.20 ± 40.41 vs 118.76 ± 27.84 μmol mol creatinine) were recorded. Conversely, the antioxidant capacity significantly decreased (3.423 ± 0.089 vs 3.015 ± 0.284 mM) after immersion.
CONCLUSION
Overproduction of ROS and consequent oxidative damage to lipids of membrane and antioxidant capacity decreasing reflect also a hypoxic condition, which in the breath-hold diving typically occurs in the last few meters below the surface. iNOS produces NO in large quantities under the examined extreme conditions. Neopterin and creatinine concentration level increased, suggesting an "impairment of renal function" as a likely physiological response to PaO variations during dive activity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Breath Holding; Dinoprost; Diving; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Middle Aged; Neopterin; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 31520216
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04224-4 -
The Journal of Reproduction and... Feb 2022Recently, we observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses corpus luteum (CL) function in isolated perfused ovaries. It remained unclear if this suppression was due...
Recently, we observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses corpus luteum (CL) function in isolated perfused ovaries. It remained unclear if this suppression was due to increased luteal PGF secretion or LPS-induced apoptosis. Therefore, possible impacts of PGF and LPS were inhibited by a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (flunixin) and an endotoxin-binding agent (polymyxin B), respectively. Bovine ovaries with a mid-cycle CL were collected immediately after slaughter and perfused for 240 min. After 50 min of equilibration, either flunixin or polymyxin B (5 μg/ml of each) were added to the perfusion medium of six ovaries, respectively. All ovaries (n = 12) were treated with E. coli LPS (0.5 μg/ml) 60 min after the onset of perfusion, and received 500 I.U. of hCG after 210 min of perfusion. Progesterone and PGF were measured in the effluent perfusate every 10 and 30 min, respectively. Biopsies of the CL were collected every 60 min to determine the mRNA expression of the cytokine TNFA and factors of apoptosis (CASP3, -8). Flunixin-treatment inhibited the increase of PGF after LPS-challenge that was observed in the polymyxin B-treated (PX-LPS) ovaries. After hCG-stimulation, progesterone secretion increased (P < 0.05) in group PX-LPS but not in the flunixin-treated (F-LPS) ovaries. Compared to initial values before LPS-challenge, luteal mRNA expression of TNFA and CASP3 was increased (P < 0.05) in group F-LPS at 120 and 180 min, respectively, and those of CASP8 was decreased (P < 0.05) in PX-LPS at 60 and 120 min after LPS-treatment. In conclusion, although flunixin managed to inhibit PGF, it did not suffice to successfully prevent LPS-induced apoptosis. However, endotoxin-binding polymyxin B resulted in luteal responsiveness to hCG after LPS-challenge.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Corpus Luteum; Dinoprost; Escherichia coli; Female; Lipopolysaccharides; Ovary; Progesterone
PubMed: 34732602
DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-131 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021Objective was to elucidate the effects of heat stress (HS) on embryo development during first 16 gestational days (GD) and circulating hormone concentrations on GD-16 in...
Objective was to elucidate the effects of heat stress (HS) on embryo development during first 16 gestational days (GD) and circulating hormone concentrations on GD-16 in lactating Holstein cows. Cows in HS and control (CON) groups were exposed to temperature humidity index (THI) of ≥ 73 and < 73, respectively, for 3 weeks before the experiment. GD-7 (67 vs 49%) and GD-16 (52 vs. 31%) conception rates following single insemination were greater (P < 0.01) for CON compared with HS cows. Control cows produced more GD-7 transferrable embryos following superovulation compared with HS cows (84.8 vs 53.1%; P < 0.001). Mean (± SEM) length (45.2 ± 10.6 vs. 59.2 ± 9.1 mm) and weight (31.4 ± 4.3 vs. 42.4 ± 6.2 mg) of GD-16 conceptus were greater for CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Control cows yielded more filamentous conceptus (≥ 25 mm) compared with HS cows (71 vs 45%; P < 0.05). Progesterone (2.09-fold) was higher, and cortisol (1.86-fold), prolactin (1.60-fold), substance-P (1.55-fold), Isoprostane-8 (1.34-fold) and prostaglandin F metabolites (1.97-fold) were lower in CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Progesterone positively, and substance-P, isoprostane-8 and the THI negatively were associated with GD-16 conceptus length (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered hormones concentrations in heat-stressed cows plausibly resulted in lower GD-7 and GD-16 conception rates, fewer GD-7 transferable embryos, and stunted GD-16 conceptus elongation.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Embryonic Development; Female; Gestational Age; Heat-Shock Response; Hydrocortisone; Isoprostanes; Lactation; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prolactin; Prostaglandins F; Substance P
PubMed: 34290309
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94278-2 -
Journal of Neurosurgery Sep 2023Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is responsible for significant death and disability. The...
OBJECTIVE
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is responsible for significant death and disability. The dynamic balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with DCI is suspected be shifted to favor ROS formation. The authors assessed the relationship between F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), oxidative stress biomarkers, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which are responsible for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production for glutathione system function, with post-aSAH DCI.
METHODS
The authors assessed 45 aSAH patients for F2-IsoP and G6PD concentration using commercial ELISA on days 2, 4, and 6 after aSAH. The authors examined the correlation between plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations and clinical factors with DCI occurrence and aSAH outcome.
RESULTS
Expectedly, the most important clinical predictors of DCI were Hunt and Hess grade and modified Fisher (mFisher) grade. Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations were greater in aSAH patients than the control group (p < 0.01). F2-IsoP concentrations were greater and G6PD concentrations were lower in patients with DCI than those without (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations on day 2 were correlated with DCI occurrence (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP concentrations on days 2 and 6 were correlated with outcome at 1 and 12 months (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Decreased G6PD indirectly informs the reduced antioxidant response, especially for the glutathione system. G6PD concentration was lower in patients with DCI than those without, which may explain the increased F2-IsoP concentrations. mFisher grade, plasma F2-IsoP concentration, and G6PD concentration on day 2 after aSAH, in combination, may serve as predictors of DCI. Further research is necessary to investigate the therapeutic utility of F2-IsoPs and antioxidants in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Dinoprost; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Reactive Oxygen Species; Prospective Studies; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Glutathione
PubMed: 36640097
DOI: 10.3171/2022.12.JNS222332 -
Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2022The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of GnRH-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles (GnRH-CsNPs) to improve the reproductive performance of anestrus...
The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of GnRH-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles (GnRH-CsNPs) to improve the reproductive performance of anestrus buffaloes during the summer. Egyptian buffaloes (n = 50) were synchronized for estrus either with the ovsynch protocol (OVSs, n = 20) or with the modified ovsynch protocol (OVSm, n = 30) using GnRH-CsNPs. Sera samples were collected on days 0, 7, and 10 (insemination day); and days15 and 30 post insemination for estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) determination. The follicles were monitored on day 0 and day 10. CLs diameter and pregnancy diagnosis were scanned on day 30 post insemination. Using a half dose of GnRH as GnRH-CsNPs in the OVSm improved (P < 0.05) the number of total and large follicles, and the total surface area of subordinate and large follicles compared to the OVSs protocol. The OVSm increased (P < 0.05) the largest follicles diameter on day 10 and CLs diameter on day 30 post insemination compared to the OVSs protocol. E concentration was greater (P < 0.05) on insemination day, and P concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) on days 15 and 30 post insemination in the OVSm than in the OVSs. The estrus induction rate was 80 % higher (P < 0.05) in the OVSm and cows exhibited estrus within 17.54 h earlier than the OVSs (50 % within 42 h), respectively. The conception rate increased in OVSm compared to OVSs (75 vs. 40 %, respectively). In conclusion, nanofabrication of GnRH allowed to reduce hormonal dose to 50 % without any adverse effects on fertility, and improved ovarian activity and reproductive performance of anestrus buffaloes during the low breeding season.
Topics: Anestrus; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Chitosan; Dinoprost; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Nanoparticles; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons
PubMed: 35914334
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107044 -
Theriogenology Sep 2019This study aimed to examine the etiology of canine dystocia by measuring the relative expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) mRNA and the concentration of serum...
This study aimed to examine the etiology of canine dystocia by measuring the relative expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) mRNA and the concentration of serum progesterone, plasma PGF metabolite (PGFM), and blood ionized calcium (iCa) near term and in dystocia. Altogether 58 bitches were included in this study, 41 of which underwent cesarean section (CS). The four CS groups were based on history: complete uterine inertia (CUI; n = 7), partial uterine inertia (PUI; n = 13), obstructive dystocia (OD; n = 10), and elective cesarean section (ECS; n = 11). An additional group of medically treated dystocia without CS (MD; n = 8) and a control group (C; n = 9) with normal parturition (without CS and medical treatment) were also formed. Blood samples were taken prior to CS or medical treatment. Progesterone concentrations were highest in the ECS and a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the ECS and the OD and between the ECS and the combined dystocia (CUI, PUI, OD, MD) groups (COMB). Highest concentrations of PGFM was observed in the C, the difference being significant (p < 0.05) between the C and the ECS and between the C and the COMB group. The progesterone:PGFM ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the ECS than in the C and the COMB group. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in iCa concentrations between the groups. Relative OXTR mRNA expression was evaluated with real-time PCR from full-thickness uterine samples taken from the incision site during CS. The expression was highest in the ECS and the difference in expression was significant (p < 0.05) between the ECS and the OD and between ECS and the combined dystocia (CUI, PUI, OD) groups (COMB2). The study supports previous reports of decreasing progesterone and increasing PGFM during prepartum luteolysis. Upregulation of OXTR occurs near term. In obstructive dystocia, a prolonged influence of oxytocin and uterine exhaustion may lead to downregulation of OXTR. Complete primary uterine inertia may have a different etiology as no clear decrease in OXTR was observed in CUI as in OD. It remains unclear if parturition ceases because of uterine inertia or if uterine inertia occurs because of ceased parturition and desensitization of receptors.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Dinoprost; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dystocia; Female; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Receptors, Oxytocin
PubMed: 31200095
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.007