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Discovery Medicine Oct 2023Synchronous or sequential development of multiple myeloma and prostate carcinoma is rare. It is not sure whether these two occur independently or if one influences the... (Review)
Review
Synchronous or sequential development of multiple myeloma and prostate carcinoma is rare. It is not sure whether these two occur independently or if one influences the development of the other. We reviewed the cases published in the English literature; eight cases of myeloma developing after diagnosis and treatment for prostate carcinoma, five cases of simultaneous occurrence of myeloma and prostate carcinoma, and five cases where the patient with multiple myeloma later developed prostate carcinoma were found. This short review attempts to analyze the occurrence of these two diseases in the same patient and dissect whether there is a close association or it is just a mere coincidence.
Topics: Male; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37811608
DOI: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202335178.65 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Dec 2022The Gleason scoring system and Grade Group systems facilitate accurate grading and reporting of prostate cancer, which are essential tasks for surgical pathologists.... (Review)
Review
The Gleason scoring system and Grade Group systems facilitate accurate grading and reporting of prostate cancer, which are essential tasks for surgical pathologists. Gleason Pattern 4 is critical to recognize because it signifies a risk for more aggressive behavior than Gleason Pattern 3 carcinoma. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with radiation or androgen therapy effect, with aberrant P63 expression, or with Paneth cell-like differentiation represent pitfalls in prostate cancer grading because although they display architecture associated with aggressive behavior in usual prostatic adenocarcinoma, they do not behave aggressively and using conventional Gleason scoring in these tumors would significantly overstate their biologic potential.
Topics: Male; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Pathologists; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 36344176
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.07.008 -
Cancer Letters Jan 2022Tumor heterogeneity plays a key role in prostate cancer prognosis, therapy selection, relapse, and acquisition of treatment resistance. Prostate cancer presents a... (Review)
Review
Tumor heterogeneity plays a key role in prostate cancer prognosis, therapy selection, relapse, and acquisition of treatment resistance. Prostate cancer presents a heterogeneous diversity at inter- and intra-tumor and inter-patient levels which are influenced by multiple intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. Recent studies have started to characterize the complexity of prostate tumors and these different tiers of heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the most common factors that contribute to tumoral diversity. Moreover, we focus on the description of the in vitro and in vivo approaches, as well as high-throughput technologies, that help to model intra-tumoral diversity. Further understanding tumor heterogeneities and the challenges they present will guide enhanced patient risk stratification, aid the design of more precise therapies, and ultimately help beat this chameleon-like disease.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Male; Mutation; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34688843
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.012 -
European Urology Jul 2022Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved...
Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved issues such as biopsy quality, lack of a systematic biopsy template, cost-effectiveness, and the risk of acute urine retention are yet to be resolved by the urological community.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 35216857
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.046 -
Current Cancer Drug Targets 2021More therapy options are available for advanced prostate cancer, including novel inhibitors of androgen synthesis, anti-androgens, chemotherapeutics and targeted... (Review)
Review
More therapy options are available for advanced prostate cancer, including novel inhibitors of androgen synthesis, anti-androgens, chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies. Although patients ´ survival has been improved, management of castration therapy-resistant prostate cancer remains a challenge. Regulation of cellular events in cancer by small non-coding miRNAs is, therefore, an area of special interest. Overexpression of selected miRNA may lead to androgen independence and prostate cancer progression. miRNA may be considered also a biomarker in patients with prostate cancer. In contrast, diminished expression of tumor-suppressive miRNA in prostate cancer leads to enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, increased migration, invasion and epithelial- to-mesenchymal transition. miRNA may be directly involved in the regulation of chemosensitivity in prostate cancer. Experimental overexpression of selected miRNA in chemoresistant prostate cancer leads to the inhibition of cellular stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Reduction of tumor-suppressive miRNA may also lead to hyperactivity of signaling pathways such as that of the epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Although considerable progress on miRNA research in prostate cancer has been achieved, therapeutic effects could be improved on the basis of the development of novel delivery methods.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
PubMed: 33423646
DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666210108103134 -
World Journal of Urology Feb 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33591380
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03618-4 -
Oncogene Dec 2020Prostate cancer is diagnosed mostly in men over the age of 50 years, and has favorable 5-year survival rates due to early cancer detection and availability of curative... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is diagnosed mostly in men over the age of 50 years, and has favorable 5-year survival rates due to early cancer detection and availability of curative surgical management. However, progression to metastasis and emergence of therapeutic resistance are responsible for the majority of prostate cancer mortalities. Recent advancement in sequencing technologies and computational capabilities have improved the ability to organize and analyze large data, thus enabling the identification of novel biomarkers for survival, metastatic progression and patient prognosis. Large-scale sequencing studies have also uncovered genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with prostate cancer molecular subtypes, supporting the development of personalized targeted-therapies. However, the current state of mainstream prostate cancer management does not take full advantage of the personalized diagnostic and treatment modalities available. This review focuses on interrogating biomarkers of prostate cancer progression, including gene signatures that correspond to the acquisition of tumor lethality and those of predictive and prognostic value in progression to advanced disease, and suggest how we can use our knowledge of biomarkers and molecular subtypes to improve patient treatment and survival outcomes.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33046797
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01496-5 -
The Prostate Aug 2023Locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary external beam radiotherapy without distant metastasis is a challenging problem, with no current consensus on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary external beam radiotherapy without distant metastasis is a challenging problem, with no current consensus on the optimal management of these patients. Traditional whole-gland salvage treatments offered up to a 50% 5-year disease-free survival rate but with troubling levels of risk for significant complications. Recent progress in advanced imaging techniques has allowed a more accurate selection of patients with local-only recurrence and a selection of patients that may be suitable for newer partial-gland salvage treatments that may reduce late complications.
METHODS
This article reviews advances in patient selection and provides an overview of whole- and partial-gland salvage results from selected recent meta-analyses, multi-institutional series, and studies from centers of excellence for these treatment approaches.
RESULTS
Salvage radical prostatectomy produces 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates in the 50%-60% range with severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in < 2% but severe genitourinary (GU) toxicity in 15%-23% of patients. The whole-gland options of high and low dose rate brachytherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy appear to offer similar 5-year control rates, with low severe GU and GI toxicity rates of 4%-8% and <2%, respectively. Cryotherapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) offer similar 5-year RFS rates but carry significant risks for severe GU and GI toxicity in the range of 10%-27% and <2%, respectively. Early results of partial-gland salvage techniques in selected patients appear promising, with 3-year RFS rates of 48%-72% and rare grade 3 toxicity.
CONCLUSION
It is important to understand the relative effectiveness and risks of the various treatment options to effectively counsel patients who face this distressing clinical situation. Whole-gland salvage options offer the possibility of long-term control but with significant risks of severe toxicity. Emerging data for the partial-gland salvage options in appropriately selected patients may offer hope of reasonable control rates with reduced severe toxicity.
Topics: Male; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatic Neoplasms; Brachytherapy; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Salvage Therapy
PubMed: 37150849
DOI: 10.1002/pros.24551 -
European Urology Focus Mar 2020While radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy is the current standard of care for the treatment of stage cT4 prostate cancer (PC), surgery may also be an... (Review)
Review
While radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy is the current standard of care for the treatment of stage cT4 prostate cancer (PC), surgery may also be an appropriate option in selected patients as part of a multimodal approach. The role and the sequence with which to optimize therapy combinations in this setting are still unknown. This mini review summarizes the current evidence for management of cT4 PC. PATIENT SUMMARY: This mini review examines current evidence for the treatment options for locally advanced prostate cancer. The role of surgery in these patients can be considered as part of a combination treatment strategy along with other modalities such as radiotherapy and hormone therapy.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31266732
DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.06.012 -
Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal de La... 2022We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on external radiotherapy of prostate cancer. External radiotherapy is...
We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on external radiotherapy of prostate cancer. External radiotherapy is intended for all localized prostate cancers, and more recently for oligometastatic prostate cancers. The irradiation techniques are detailed. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with prostate image-guided radiotherapy is the recommended technique. A total dose of 74 to 80Gy is recommended in case of standard fractionation (2Gy per fraction). Moderate hypofractionation (total dose of 60Gy at a rate of 3Gy per fraction over 4 weeks) in the prostate has become a standard of therapy. Simultaneous integrated boost techniques can be used to treat lymph node areas. Extreme hypofractionation (35 to 40Gy in five fractions) using stereotactic body radiotherapy can be considered a therapeutic option to treat exclusively the prostate. The postoperative irradiation technique, indicated mainly in case of biological recurrence and lymph node involvement, is detailed.
Topics: Dose Fractionation, Radiation; France; Humans; Lymphatic Irradiation; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Organs at Risk; Patient Positioning; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Oncology; Radiosurgery; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Time Factors; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 34955419
DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.017