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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Jul 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Gallium Isotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Staging; Edetic Acid
PubMed: 37261474
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06287-0 -
PET Clinics Jul 2021Prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) is the investigation of choice for imaging prostate cancer. Demonstrating high diagnostic... (Review)
Review
Prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) is the investigation of choice for imaging prostate cancer. Demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy, PSMA-PET/CT detects disease at very early stages of recurrence, where the chances of a definitive cure may be at their greatest. A number of PSMA-radioligands are in established clinical routine, and there are currently only limited data and no single tracer can clearly be advocated over the others at present. Further clinical trial data, comparing and contrasting radiotracers and reporting outcome-based data are necessary to further increase the implementation of this very promising imaging modality.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Precision Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34053582
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.03.003 -
Oncogene May 2024Prostate cancer (CaP) remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in western men. CaP mortality results from diverse molecular mechanisms that mediate resistance... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (CaP) remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in western men. CaP mortality results from diverse molecular mechanisms that mediate resistance to the standard of care treatments for metastatic disease. Recently, alternative splicing has been recognized as a hallmark of CaP aggressiveness. Alternative splicing events cause treatment resistance and aggressive CaP behavior and are determinants of the emergence of the two major types of late-stage treatment-resistant CaP, namely castration-resistant CaP (CRPC) and neuroendocrine CaP (NEPC). Here, we review recent multi-omics data that are uncovering the complicated landscape of alternative splicing events during CaP progression and the impact that different gene transcript isoforms can have on CaP cell biology and behavior. We discuss renewed insights in the molecular machinery by which alternative splicing occurs and contributes to the failure of systemic CaP therapies. The potential for alternative splicing events to serve as diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets is explored. We conclude by considering current challenges and promises associated with splicing-modulating therapies, and their potential for clinical translation into CaP patient care.
Topics: Humans; Alternative Splicing; Male; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Disease Progression; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Prostatic Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Animals
PubMed: 38658776
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03036-x -
Biological Trace Element Research Nov 2019The prostate is an important organ for the maintenance of sperm health with prostate cancer being a common disease for which there is a critical need to distinguish... (Review)
Review
The prostate is an important organ for the maintenance of sperm health with prostate cancer being a common disease for which there is a critical need to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease. Several selenium-containing proteins have been implicated in prostate cancer risk or outcome due to either enzyme function, the reduced levels of these proteins being associated with cancer recurrence after prostatectomy or their corresponding genes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased risk. Moreover, experimental data obtained from the manipulation of either cultured cells or animal models have indicated that some of these proteins are contributing mechanistically to prostate cancer incidence or progression. Among these are selenocysteine-containing proteins selenoprotein P (SELENOP), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and selenoprotein 15 (SELENOF); and the selenium-associated protein selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1). Genotyping of some of the genes for these proteins has identified functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with prostate cancer risk and the direct quantification of these proteins in human prostate tissues has not only revealed associations to clinical outcomes but have also identified unique properties that are different from what is observed in other tissue types. The location of GPX1 in the nucleus and SELENOF in the plasma membrane of prostate epithelial cells indicates that these proteins may have functions in normal prostate tissue that are distinct from that of the other tissue types.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Selenoproteins
PubMed: 31300958
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01809-0 -
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Aug 2023The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for... (Review)
Review
The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response. Although potential studies have reported the presence of distinguishing molecules that can distinguish between benign and cancerous prostate tissue. However, there are few studies looking into signature molecules linked to disease development, therapy response or tumour recurrence. The majority of these studies use high-dimensional datasets, and the number of potential metabolites investigated frequently exceeds the size of the available samples. In light of this, pre-analytical, statistical, methodological and confounding factors such as antiandrogen therapy (NAT) may also be linked to the identified chemometric multivariate differences between PC and relevant control samples in the datasets. Despite the methodological and procedural challenges, a range of methodological groups and processes have consistently identified a number of signature metabolites and pathways that appear to imply a substantial involvement in the cellular metabolomics of PC for tumour formation and recurrence.
Topics: Male; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Metabolomics; Prostatic Neoplasms; Metabolome; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37548191
DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.22 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021Studies about the survival of patients with prostate cancer by stage or risk of progression are scarce. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the cause-specific...
Studies about the survival of patients with prostate cancer by stage or risk of progression are scarce. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the cause-specific survival by risk in prostate cancer patients in Mallorca diagnosed in the period 2006-2011; (2) to identify the factors that explain and predict the likelihood of survival and the risk of dying from this type of cancer; and (3) to determine the distribution of prostate cancer by risk in the patients in Mallorca diagnosed in the period 2006-2011. Incident prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 were identified through the Mallorca Cancer Registry. We collected age; date and method of diagnosis; date of follow-up or death; T, N, M and stage according to the TNM 7th edition; Gleason score; prostate-specific antigen (PSA); histology according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) 3rd edition, comorbidities and treatments. We calculated risk in four categories: low, medium, high and very high. The end point of follow-up was 31 December 2014. Multiple imputation (MI) was performed to estimate cases with unknown risk. We identified 2921 cases. Five years after diagnosis, survival after MI was 89% globally, and was 100% for low-risk cases, 96% for medium risk, 93% for high risk and 69% for very-high-risk cases. Cases with histology other than adenocarcinoma, with high (and especially very high) risk, as well as with systemic, mixed and observation/unspecified treatments had worse prognoses.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spain
PubMed: 34769675
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111156 -
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC Apr 2021To test for racial differences in associations between family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PC) and prostate cancer aggressiveness in a racially diverse equal access...
PURPOSE
To test for racial differences in associations between family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PC) and prostate cancer aggressiveness in a racially diverse equal access population undergoing prostate biopsy.
SUBJECTS/PATIENTS AND METHODS
We prospectively enrolled men undergoing prostate biopsy at the Durham Veterans Administration from 2007 to 2018 and assigned case or control status based on biopsy results. Race and FH of PC were self-reported on questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to test the association between FH and PC diagnosis overall and by tumor aggressiveness [high- (Grade Group 3-5) or low-grade (Grade Group 1-2) vs. no cancer], overall, and stratified by race. Models were adjusted for age and year of consent, race, PSA level, digital rectal exam findings, prostate volume, and previous (negative) biopsy receipt.
RESULTS
Of 1,225 men, 323 had a FH of PC and 652 men were diagnosed with PC on biopsy. On multivariable analysis, FH was associated with increased odds of high-grade PC in black (OR 1.85, p = 0.041) and all men (OR 1.56, p = 0.057) and was unrelated to overall or low-grade PC diagnosis, overall, or stratified by race (all p ≥ 0.325). In sensitivity analyses among men without a previous biopsy, results were slightly more pronounced.
CONCLUSION
In this setting of equal access to care, positive FH of PC was associated with increased tumor aggressiveness in black men, but not non-black men undergoing prostate biopsy. Further research is required to tease apart the contribution of genetics from increased PC awareness potentially influencing screening and biopsy rates in men with FH.
Topics: Black or African American; Aged; Biopsy; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33532986
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01389-8 -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A Jun 2020About 5% of prostate cancer patients have distant metastases at diagnosis. In these metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancers (mHSPC), systemic therapy is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
About 5% of prostate cancer patients have distant metastases at diagnosis. In these metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancers (mHSPC), systemic therapy is recommended, according to the guidelines. Moreover, metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) is discussed to prolong survival.
OBJECTIVES
The contemporary literature concerning local therapy and MDT in patients with mHSPC is summarized.
METHODS
Selective literature search.
RESULTS
In 2018, randomized controlled data on local therapy in mHSPC patients were published by the authors of the STAMPEDE study. Here, patients were randomized between standard of care (SOC) ± radiotherapy to the prostate (RT). Within the overall cohort, no difference regarding 3‑year overall survival (OS) was observed. Within a prespecified subgroup of patients with low metastatic burden. Similar results were observed in numerous retrospective studies analyzing radical prostatectomy; prospective randomized studies are pending. For MDT, there are no sufficient data in mHSPC patients yet.
CONCLUSIONS
In the current guidelines, systematic therapy is standard of care in mHSPC patients. In patients with low metastatic burden, a survival benefit was observed when adding percutaneous RT to the prostate. Retrospective studies also suggest a benefit when adding RP. However, whether MDT prolongs survival is still unknown.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32274541
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01186-w -
Clinical Nursing Research Nov 2019This study aims to explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake, high fat, body mass index (BMI) score, physical activity, and the occurrence of prostate...
This study aims to explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake, high fat, body mass index (BMI) score, physical activity, and the occurrence of prostate cancer among Jordanian men. A case-control study was conducted in three large referral hospitals. The sample included 165 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 177 healthy participants in the control group. The results showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.18, 0.57]), a history of prostate infection (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]), high-fat intake (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.85]), and increased mean of BMI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = [1.02, 1.13]) increased the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Healthy diet and giving up smoking are recommended, as they may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer. More randomized clinical trials in this area are needed to strengthen the available evidence and reduce the effects of confounding variables.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Diet, Healthy; Dietary Fats; Exercise; Humans; Incidence; Jordan; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 29426230
DOI: 10.1177/1054773818757311 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Mar 2022The use of prostatespecific antigen (PSA) is useful for the diagnosis ofprostate cancer. Its main limitation is its low specificity,which has led to the search for new... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The use of prostatespecific antigen (PSA) is useful for the diagnosis ofprostate cancer. Its main limitation is its low specificity,which has led to the search for new biomarkersin order to identify clinically significant prostatecancer and to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.The aim of this article is to summarize the currentliterature on urinary biomarkers used in thediagnosis of prostate cancer.A PubMed-based literature search was conductedup to December 2020. We selected the most recentand relevant original articles, clinical trials and reviewsthat have provided relevant information onthe use of biomarkers.In this review, we have discussed four importanturinary biomarkers useful for prostate cancer diagnosis:PCA3, Select MDX, ExoDX, TMPRSS2:ERG.
CONCLUSION
The use of urinary biomarkers hasimproved of clinically significant prostate cancerdiagnosis. Their use reduces the number of unnecessarybiopsies and avoids overtreatment of indolentprostate cancer.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35332886
DOI: No ID Found