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Mikrochimica Acta Dec 2021Change in the level of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a major element in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Most of the methodologies... (Review)
Review
Change in the level of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a major element in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Most of the methodologies are currently restricted to their application in routine clinical screening due to the scarcity of adequate screening tools, false reading, long assay time, and cost. Innovative techniques and the integration of knowledge from a variety of domains, such as materials science and engineering, are needed to provide sustainable solutions. The convergence of precision point-of-care (POC) diagnostic techniques, which allow patients to respond in real time to changes in PSA levels, provides promising possibilities for quantitative and quantitative detection of PSA. This solution could be interesting and relevant for use in PCa diagnosis at the POC. The approaches enable low-cost real-time detection and are simple to integrate into user-friendly sensor devices. This review focuses on the investigations, prospects, and challenges associated with integrating engineering sciences with cancer biology to develop nanotechnology-based tools for PCa diagnosis. This article intends to encourage the development of new nanomaterials to construct high-performance POC devices for PCa detection. Finally, the review concludes with closing remarks and a perspective forecast.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Humans; Nanostructures; Point-of-Care Testing; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 34905090
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05127-y -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Jul 2020Several studies have shown an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer (PCa). Some researchers suggest that this relationship is due to reduced... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Several studies have shown an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer (PCa). Some researchers suggest that this relationship is due to reduced PCa detection in diabetics due to lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels compared to non-diabetics. Our objective is to analyze the impact of diabetes on PSA in asymptomatic men without known prostate pathology and without prior prostate intervention.
METHODS
We searched Medline (via PubMed), Embase and Scopus. We included studies that reported the relationship between serum PSA levels and diabetes or diabetes treatment in asymptomatic adult men without known prostate pathology, and without prior prostate intervention. Pooled mean differences were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics.
RESULTS
Of 2,392 screened abstracts, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and 8 (62%) reported appropriate measures that could be included in a meta-analysis. Eleven (85%) examined the influence of diabetes on PSA levels and 8 (62%) evaluated the influence of diabetes treatments on PSA levels. Overall diabetics had a significantly lower PSA level compared to non-diabetics (mean difference: -0.07 ng/mL; 95% CI -0.10, -0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes and related factors (such as disease duration, severity and treatment) were significantly associated with lower PSA levels among asymptomatic men, yet differences were small and are unlikely to influence PCa detection in a screening setting.
Topics: Age Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 32681769
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0145 -
European Urology Oct 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer
PubMed: 37296041
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.05.022 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America Feb 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urology; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36424087
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.10.002 -
Clinical Chemistry Jan 2024
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 38175588
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad138 -
BMC Oral Health May 2022The comparison of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among older individuals with different periodontal statuses has not been fully investigated. Here we aimed to...
BACKGROUND
The comparison of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among older individuals with different periodontal statuses has not been fully investigated. Here we aimed to explore the correlation between the staging and grading of periodontitis and PSA levels in an elderly Chinese male population, which may lead to a biopsy recommendation and prevent prostate cancer as early as possible.
METHODS
The study included 996 individuals aged ≥ 55 years who participated in routine postretirement physical examinations. Periodontal data included probing depth and gingival recession on four sites/tooth and on two diagonal quadrants (1-3 or 2-4) while excluding third molars, and clinical attachment loss was calculated. Periodontal status was classified as none, mild-moderate or severe periodontitis according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology case definition. Blood samples, oral health status and sociodemographic characteristics were collected by using general and oral examinations and questionnaires. Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the correlation between periodontitis severity and PSA levels, respectively.
RESULTS
A total of 479 men had mild-moderate periodontitis and 355 had severe periodontitis; 162 men were periodontally healthy individuals. After adjusting for potential confounders, PSA levels were significantly lower in the individuals without periodontitis than in those with mild-moderate (P = 0.04) or severe (P = 0.03) periodontitis. However, PSA levels did not significantly correlate with periodontitis severity (P = 0.06). Although the ORs of elevated PSA were not significant, individuals with PSA ≥ 4.0 ng/mL were more likely to have periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
In a sample of an elderly Chinese male population, after adjusting for possible confounders, serum PSA levels in individuals with periodontitis were significantly higher than those in individuals without periodontitis, but serum PSA did not significantly correlate with periodontitis severity.
Topics: Aged; China; Gingival Recession; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 35524291
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02171-9 -
BJU International Aug 2020To evaluate the current prostate cancer screening and treatment paradigm in light of recently published long-term results of major screening and treatment trials. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the current prostate cancer screening and treatment paradigm in light of recently published long-term results of major screening and treatment trials.
METHODS
Historical review of the evolution of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer followed by a detailed summary of the findings and differences among the three major screening trials and the three major treatment trials.
RESULTS
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can identify clinically significant prostate cancer and has produced a significant stage shift and is the likely explanation for the decline in prostate cancer mortality. Unfortunately, PSA testing predominantly identifies low-grade disease that is unlikely to progress during a patient's lifetime leading to substantial diagnosis of indolent disease. Treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) appears to benefit primarily younger men (aged <65 years) with intermediate-grade disease. Too few men with low-grade disease benefit from RP to justify intervening in all. Unfortunately, high-grade prostate cancer often progresses despite surgery and radiation.
CONCLUSION
The primary PSA testing paradigm is wrong. Rather than attempting to identify all prostate cancers as early as possible, testing objectives should shift towards identifying men likely to harbour clinically significant disease. These are the men who appear to benefit from early diagnosis and intervention, including the earlier use of antiandrogen therapy prior to widespread metastases.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32715604
DOI: 10.1111/bju.15153 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2023There is limited research about the content and context of communication on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among men in the state of Florida. The purpose of...
There is limited research about the content and context of communication on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among men in the state of Florida. The purpose of this study is to understand how the content communication (discussion of advantages and disadvantages of PSA testing between provider and patient; provider recommendations of PSA testing) and the context of communication (continuity of care denoted by the presence of a personal doctor) influence PSA testing. Data were drawn from the Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Receipt of PSA testing was the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for sociodemographic, clinical, healthcare access, and lifestyle characteristics when associating the content and context of communication with PSA testing. Discussions were classified into four mutually exclusive categories: discussions of advantages and disadvantages, only advantages, only disadvantages, and no discussion. The most significant predictors for PSA testing included physician recommendation, discussions including advantages, older age, non-smoking, and having a personal doctor. Individualized PSA screening may be a pathway to reducing racial disparities in screening for prostate cancer (PCa) and, by extension, lower incidence and mortality rates. Developing a bill to create an Office of Men's Health at Health & Human Services is recommended.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Mass Screening; Decision Making; Prostatic Neoplasms; Communication; Early Detection of Cancer
PubMed: 37174239
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095721 -
Urologia Internationalis 2023This study analyzes the value of PSA kinetics, PSA speed (vPSA), and PSA doubling time (PSAdt), in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who are in an active... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This study analyzes the value of PSA kinetics, PSA speed (vPSA), and PSA doubling time (PSAdt), in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who are in an active surveillance (AS) program.
METHODS
An observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study of a sample of 86 patients included in AS program between January 2014 and October 2021 was conducted. A review of their medical records was performed, and PSA kinetics were calculated, analyzing the causes of discontinuation of the AS program and its relationship with PSA kinetics.
RESULTS
The mean age was 63.39 years, and the median follow-up was 62.55 months. The mean PSA at diagnosis was 8.27 ng/mL. A median of PSAdt of 62.55 months and 1.3 ng/mL/year for vPSA was obtained. 35 patients left the program, with a higher percentage of patients leaving with a PSAdt less than 36 months (73.7 vs. 31.1%) and a vPSA greater than 2 ng/mL/year (68.2 vs. 31.3%). The probability of permanence and the time of permanence in AS were statistically significantly higher for those patients with favorable kinetic parameters.
CONCLUSION
PSA kinetics is a parameter to take into account when making decisions to keep patients in an AS program.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Retrospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Kinetics; Watchful Waiting; Prostatic Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37331345
DOI: 10.1159/000530963 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2022
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35640965
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071076