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Science (New York, N.Y.) Jul 2023Antimicrobial peptides are host-encoded immune effectors that combat pathogens and shape the microbiome in plants and animals. However, little is known about how the...
Antimicrobial peptides are host-encoded immune effectors that combat pathogens and shape the microbiome in plants and animals. However, little is known about how the host antimicrobial peptide repertoire is adapted to its microbiome. Here, we characterized the function and evolution of the antimicrobial peptide family of Diptera. Using mutations affecting the two () of , we reveal the specific role of for the pathogen and for the gut mutualist . The presence of or like genes across Diptera correlates with the presence of and in their environment. Moreover, and like sequences predict host resistance against infection by these bacteria across the genus . Our study explains the evolutionary logic behind the bursts of rapid evolution of an antimicrobial peptide family and reveals how the host immune repertoire adapts to changing microbial environments.
Topics: Animals; Antimicrobial Peptides; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Microbiota; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Providencia; Acetobacter
PubMed: 37471548
DOI: 10.1126/science.adg5725 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Dec 2019Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been listed by the WHO as high-priority pathogens owing to their high association with mortalities and morbidities.... (Review)
Review
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been listed by the WHO as high-priority pathogens owing to their high association with mortalities and morbidities. Resistance to multiple β-lactams complicates effective clinical management of CRE infections. Using plasmid typing methods, a wide distribution of plasmid replicon groups has been reported in CREs around the world, including IncF, N, X, A/C, L/M, R, P, H, I, and W. We performed a literature search for English research papers, published between 2013 and 2018, reporting on plasmid-mediated carbapenem resistance. A rise in both carbapenemase types and associated plasmid replicon groups was seen, with China, Canada, and the United States recording a higher increase than other countries. bla was the most prevalent, except in Angola and the Czech Republic, where OXA-181 (n = 50, 88%) and OXA-48-like (n = 24, 44%) carbapenemases were most prevalent, respectively; bla accounted for 70% (n = 956) of all reported carbapenemases. IncF plasmids were found to be responsible for disseminating different antibiotic resistance genes worldwide, accounting for almost 40% (n = 254) of plasmid-borne carbapenemases. bla , bla , bla , bla , qnr, and aac-(6')-lb were mostly detected concurrently with carbapenemases. Most reported plasmids were conjugative but not present in multiple countries or species, suggesting limited interspecies and interboundary transmission of a common plasmid. A major limitation to effective characterization of plasmid evolution was the use of PCR-based instead of whole-plasmid sequencing-based plasmid typing.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Citrobacter; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Epidemiology; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proteus; Providencia; Salmonella; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31469443
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14223 -
Medicina Aug 2022Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been known as a clinical entity for 130 yearsis still recognized today as the most severe autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease... (Review)
Review
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been known as a clinical entity for 130 yearsis still recognized today as the most severe autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease (5q,13,2) in pediatrics. Until 2015, SMA treatment was limited to ventilatory, nutritional, and physical therapy support. Currently, the existence of genetic treatments: gene modification by inclusion of exon 7 to the SMN2 gene (nusinersen and risdiplam) or insertion of the SMN1 gene through the adeno-associated viral transporter (onasemnogene) have radically modified the clinical evolution of children with SMA,especially if they are treated early. This review details the effects of the 3 treatments currently in use worldwide.
Topics: Child; Humans; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
PubMed: 36054863
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Jul 2020Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce...
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota-brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia bacteria, which colonize the gut, bypasses the requirement for host tyramine biosynthesis and manipulates a host sensory decision. Bacterially produced tyramine is probably converted to octopamine by the host tyramine β-hydroxylase enzyme. Octopamine, in turn, targets the OCTR-1 octopamine receptor on ASH nociceptive neurons to modulate an aversive olfactory response. We identify the genes that are required for tyramine biosynthesis in Providencia, and show that these genes are necessary for the modulation of host behaviour. We further find that C. elegans colonized by Providencia preferentially select these bacteria in food choice assays, and that this selection bias requires bacterially produced tyramine and host octopamine signalling. Our results demonstrate that a neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria mimics the functions of the cognate host molecule to override host control of a sensory decision, and thereby promotes fitness of both the host and the microorganism.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Metabolomics; Mutation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Octanols; Octopamine; Providencia; Receptors, Biogenic Amine; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sensory Receptor Cells; Smell; Tyramine; Tyrosine Decarboxylase
PubMed: 32555456
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2395-5 -
Ophthalmology. Glaucoma 2023
PubMed: 37302548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2023.06.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a challenge for antibiotic therapy, mostly involving Gram-negative bacteria. Among the strategies activated to... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a challenge for antibiotic therapy, mostly involving Gram-negative bacteria. Among the strategies activated to overcome AMR, the repurposing of already available antimicrobial molecules by encapsulating them in drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and also engineered NPs, seems to be promising. Tobramycin is a powerful and effective aminoglycoside, approved for complicated infections and reinfections and indicated mainly against Gram-negative bacteria, such as , , , , , , , and species. However, the drug presents several side effects, mostly due to dose frequency, and for this reason, it is a good candidate for nanomedicine formulation. This review paper is focused on what has been conducted in the last 20 years for the development of Tobramycin nanosized delivery systems (nanoantibiotics), with critical discussion and comparison. Tobramycin was selected as the antimicrobial drug because it is a wide-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, and it is characterized by a fast bactericidal effect, even against multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDR).
Topics: Tobramycin; Gentamicins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36430555
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214080 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to...
as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to public health. However, a comprehensive genomic study to reveal the population structure and dissemination of is still lacking. In this study, we conducted a genomic epidemiology analysis on the 580 global sequenced isolates, including 257 ones sequenced in this study (42 ones were fully sequenced). We established a genome sequence-based species classification scheme for , redefining the conventional 11 species into seven genocomplexes that were further divided into 18 genospecies, providing an extensively updated reference for species discrimination based on the largest genome dataset to date. We then dissected the profile of antimicrobial resistance genes and the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant strains among these genocomplexes/genospecies, disclosing the presence of diverse and abundant antimicrobial resistance genes and high resistance ratios against multiple classes of drugs in . We further dissected the genetic basis for the spread of in . genes were mainly carried by five incompatible (Inc) groups of plasmids: IncC, IncW, Inc, Inc, and Inc, and the last three were newly designated in this study. By tracking the spread of -carrying plasmids, IncC, Inc, Inc, and Inc plasmids were found to be highly involved in parallel horizontal transfer or vertical clonal expansion of among . Overall, our study provided a comprehensive genomic view of species differentiation, antimicrobial resistance prevalence, and plasmid-mediated dissemination in .
Topics: Providencia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases; Genomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37874004
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2275596 -
Insects May 2022(Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect...
(Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect pest including insecticides and the Sterile Insect Technique. Traditional control methods should be implemented by innovative tools, among which those based on insect symbionts seem very promising. Our study aimed to investigate, through the 16S Miseq analysis, the microbial communities associated with selected organs in three different medfly populations to identify possible candidates to develop symbiont-based control approaches. Our results confirm that and are the dominant bacteria in guts, while a more diversified microbial community has been detected in reproductive organs. Concertedly, we revealed for the first time the presence of and as stable components of the medfly's microbiota. Additionally, in the reproductive organs, we detected , a bacterium already proposed as a tool in the Symbiotic Control of Vector-Borne Diseases. A strain of , genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein, was used to ascertain the ability of to colonize specific organs of . Our study lays the foundation for the development of control methods for based on the use of symbiont bacteria.
PubMed: 35621808
DOI: 10.3390/insects13050474 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2022
Topics: Chile; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Pesticides
PubMed: 35099697
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18843-6 -
Bulletin of Entomological Research Feb 2020Tephritidae is a large family that includes several fruit and vegetable pests. These organisms usually harbor a variegated bacterial community in their digestive... (Review)
Review
Tephritidae is a large family that includes several fruit and vegetable pests. These organisms usually harbor a variegated bacterial community in their digestive systems. Symbiotic associations of bacteria and fruit flies have been well-studied in the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Rhagoletis. Molecular and culture-based techniques indicate that many genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially the genera of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pectobacterium, Citrobacter, Erwinia, and Providencia constitute the most prevalent populations in the gut of fruit flies. The function of symbiotic bacteria provides a promising strategy for the biological control of insect pests. Gut bacteria can be used for controlling fruit fly through many ways, including attracting as odors, enhancing the success of sterile insect technique, declining the pesticide resistance, mass rearing of parasitoids and so on. New technology and recent research improved our knowledge of the gut bacteria diversity and function, which increased their potential for pest management. In this review, we discussed the diversity of bacteria in the economically important fruit fly and the use of these bacteria for controlling fruit fly populations. All the information is important for strengthening the future research of new strategies developed for insect pest control by the understanding of symbiotic relationships and multitrophic interactions between host plant and insects.
Topics: Animals; Microbiota; Pest Control, Biological; Symbiosis; Tephritidae
PubMed: 31223102
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485319000403