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The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2019is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of... (Review)
Review
is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of in both developing and developed countries have raised public health concerns. Several studies have suggested that can cause diarrhea by invading the intestinal mucosa, although its pathogenicity has not been well established. Often routine laboratory investigations that seek etiological agents of diarrhea do not actively pursue detection. Therefore, routine laboratory diagnosis should be given more attention for better understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of .
Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Foodborne Diseases; Providencia
PubMed: 31218997
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0376 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through... (Review)
Review
Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate supersaturation, biofilm formation and aggregation, and urothelial injury. Bacteria bind to calcium oxalate crystals, which causes pyelonephritis and leads to changes in nephrons to form Randall's plaque. The urinary tract microbiome, but not the gut microbiome, can be distinguished between cohorts with urinary stone disease (USD) and those without a history of the disease. In the urine microbiome, the role is known of urease-producing bacteria (, , , , , , and ) in stone formation. Calcium oxalate crystals were generated in the presence of two uropathogenic bacteria ( and . Non-uropathogenic bacteria ( and ) exhibit calcium oxalate lithogenic effects. The taxa and best distinguished the healthy cohort from the USD cohort, respectively. Standardization is needed in urine microbiome research for urolithiasis. Inadequate standardization and design of urinary microbiome research on urolithiasis have hampered the generalizability of results and diminished their impact on clinical practice.
PubMed: 36900094
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050951 -
Journal of the Association of Medical... Sep 2023There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and...
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences.
METHODS
Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020.
RESULTS
Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for , , and species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for species and , respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4-139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1-20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2-11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8-13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3-5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with , , and species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( = 0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
PubMed: 38250289
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0038 -
Heart (British Cardiac Society) Mar 2021
Review
Topics: Accidental Falls; Anticoagulants; Asymptomatic Diseases; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrophy; Cognition; Contraindications, Drug; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Kidney Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Preoperative Care; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 33115763
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316728 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2020Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac condition characterized by a typical electrocardiogram signature of coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial... (Review)
Review
Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac condition characterized by a typical electrocardiogram signature of coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads and ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death, in the absence of unequivocal structural heart disease. Brugada syndrome specifically affects the right ventricle, which predisposes to cardiac arrest. Besides medical management with quinidine, emerging data indicate that catheter ablation can help reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden in these patients. This review explores the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmia, current approaches and evidence for ablating the epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate in this condition.
Topics: Brugada Syndrome; Catheter Ablation; Epicardial Mapping; Humans
PubMed: 32771188
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.04.006 -
BMC Biology May 2022Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms...
BACKGROUND
Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms and maintain homeostasis remain largely unknown.
RESULTS
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) was found to modulate gut microbiome homeostasis via regulation of a dual oxidase (Duox) gene expression in both Bactrocera dorsalis and Aedes aegypti. The knockdown of the peripheral 5-HT biosynthetic gene phenylalanine hydroxylase (TPH) increased the expression of Duox and the activity of reactive oxygen species, leading to a decrease in the gut microbiome load. Moreover, the TPH knockdown reduced the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Serratia and Providencia, including the opportunistic pathogens, S. marcescens and P. alcalifaciens in B. dorsalis. Treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, fully rescued the TPH knockdown-induced phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings reveal the important contribution of 5-HT in regulating gut homeostasis, providing new insights into gut-microbe interactions in metazoans.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Insecta; Serotonin; Serratia
PubMed: 35550116
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01319-x -
BMC Genomic Data Sep 2023Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some...
OBJECTIVES
Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some species of Providencia, such as P. rettgeri and P. stuartii, are considered emerging nosocomial pathogens and have been implicated in urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal illness, and travelers' diarrhea. Given their intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, this study aimed to isolate and sequence bacteriophages targeting a clinical P. rettgeri isolate.
DATA DESCRIPTION
Here we report the complete genome sequence of three novel Providencia phages, PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo, which were isolated against a clinical P. rettgeri strain sourced from a patient in a metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia. The three phages contain dsDNA genomes between 60.7 and 60.9 kb in size and are predicted to encode between 72 and 73 proteins. These three new phages, which share high genomic similarity to two other Providencia phages previously isolated on P. stuartii, serve as important resources in our understanding about Providencia bacteriophages and the potential for future phage-based biotherapies.
Topics: Humans; Diarrhea; Providencia; Travel; Bacteriophages; Dysentery; Hospitals, Urban; Victoria
PubMed: 37658299
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01153-2 -
Archives of Microbiology Jan 2021Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment...
Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon-wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fresh Water; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Goldfish; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32803348
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2023In February 2022, a critically ill patient colonized with a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae producing KPC-3 and VIM-1 carbapenemases was hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2...
In February 2022, a critically ill patient colonized with a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae producing KPC-3 and VIM-1 carbapenemases was hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 in the intensive care unit of Policlinico Umberto I hospital in Rome, Italy. During 95 days of hospitalization, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, and cefiderocol were administered consecutively to treat 3 respiratory tract infections sustained by different bacterial agents. Those therapies altered the resistome of K. pneumoniae sequence type 512 colonizing or infecting the patient during the hospitalization period. In vivo evolution of the K. pneumoniae sequence type 512 resistome occurred through plasmid loss, outer membrane porin alteration, and a nonsense mutation in the cirA siderophore gene, resulting in high levels of cefiderocol resistance. Cross-selection can occur between K. pneumoniae and treatments prescribed for other infective agents. K. pneumoniae can stably colonize a patient, and antimicrobial-selective pressure can promote progressive K. pneumoniae resistome evolution, indicating a substantial public health threat.
Topics: Humans; Ceftazidime; Meropenem; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Italy; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cefiderocol
PubMed: 37877547
DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230921 -
PloS One 2023Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) is becoming a standard measure for bacterial species delimitation. However, its calculation can take orders of magnitude longer than...
Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) is becoming a standard measure for bacterial species delimitation. However, its calculation can take orders of magnitude longer than similarity estimates based on sampling of short nucleotides, compiled into so-called sketches. These estimates are widely used. However, their variable correlation with ANI has suggested that they might not be as accurate. For a where-the-rubber-meets-the-road assessment, we compared two sketching programs, mash and dashing, against ANI, in delimiting species among Esterobacterales genomes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis found Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.99, almost perfect species discrimination for all three measures. Subsampling to avoid over-represented species reduced these AUC values to 0.92, still highly accurate. Focused tests with ten genera, each represented by more than three species, also showed almost identical results for all methods. Shigella showed the lowest AUC values (0.68), followed by Citrobacter (0.80). All other genera, Dickeya, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pectobacterium, Proteus, Providencia and Yersinia, produced AUC values above 0.90. The species delimitation thresholds varied, with species distance ranges in a few genera overlapping the genus ranges of other genera. Mash was able to separate the E. coli + Shigella complex into 25 apparent phylogroups, four of them corresponding, roughly, to the four Shigella species represented in the data. Our results suggest that fast estimates of genome similarity are as good as ANI for species delimitation. Therefore, these estimates might suffice for covering the role of genomic similarity in bacterial taxonomy, and should increase confidence in their use for efficient bacterial identification and clustering, from epidemiological to genome-based detection of potential contaminants in farming and industry settings.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Gammaproteobacteria; Dickeya; Genomics; Agriculture
PubMed: 37708115
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291492