-
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2021The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide...
INTRODUCTION
The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide and in reported cases, the mortality is high. Previously both of these pathogens were considered to be rare pathogens as the potential to cause nosocomial transmission and infection was not much studied. But their phenomenal evolution and increase in multidrug-resistance (MDR) strains of these pathogens are posing a major threat toward public health throughout the world.
METHODS
This present study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 on all the pus and body fluid samples that were received in the Department of Microbiology. Samples were processed as per the standard Microbiological guidelines and also were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Out of 8425 samples received, 2140 were culture positive, amongst which 19 samples (0.89%) were positive for Providencia species (9) and Morganella morganii(10). The male : female ratio of these 19 patients was 2.8 : 1 and maximum patients (13) belonged to 20-60 years. As far as risk factors are concerned, maximum patients were diabetics (7) followed by abnormal liver function tests (6), concomitant UTI (6), history of invasive procedure (5), prior exposure to antibiotics (5) and urinary catheterization (4). About 6 were polymicrobial infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns revealed that Providencia strains were sensitive to ampicillin- sulbactum (77.7%) and amikacin (77.7%), while all Morganella strains were 100% sensitive to tobramycin and piperacillintazobactam.
CONCLUSION
This study heralds in need for more research in this area as infections caused by these two pathogens are on the rise. Moreover, resistance to antimicrobials is also an increasingly common problem thus delaying the treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; India; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Providencia; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 31994472
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200128162646 -
Heliyon Nov 2023L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate...
L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate possible endophytic bacteria from leaves, stems and tubers of . Thirty pure endophytic bacteria were isolated and subjected to biochemical characterization. Bacterial identification was conducted by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The structure of the isolated compound was characterized. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated. Majority (21, 70 %) of the isolates were Gram-positive. Certain of them are spore formers. Based on MALDI-TOF MS, 26 of the isolates were identified as spp. (65.4 %), spp. (30.8 %) and spp. (3.9 %). A 1-undecene was isolated from culture filtrate of . (GST-5). The ethyl acetate extracts (1000 μg/mL) of GSL-5 and GST-2 culture filtrates recorded maximum inhibition zone against (9.4 ± 0.6 mm) and ATCC 25923 (8.4 ± 0.8 mm), respectively. The ATCC 27853 was prone to all ethyl acetate extracts. A 1-undecene showed a moderate activity against ATCC 25922and ATCC 27853 at 50 μg/mL. The present finding would be a breakthrough to studies of similar works in Ethiopia since it may be for the first time.
PubMed: 38045151
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22104 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus,...
Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases among Proteus, Providencia and Morganella isolated from global hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: Results of the Study for Monitoring...
OBJECTIVES
The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus, Providencia and Morganella) causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections from the worldwide Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) collected from 2008-2011.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates with an ertapenem minimum inhibitory concentration >0.5mg/L or those phenotypically producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases were detected by multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
A total of 142 isolates, including Proteus mirabilis (n=121), Proteus vulgaris (n=3), Providencia stuartii (n=5), Providencia rettgeri (n=6) and Morganella morganii (n=7), were analysed. Proteus mirabilis was generally susceptible to ertapenem (∼90%) compared with imipenem (≤25%). The most common ESBLs were CTX-M types (n=64), followed by TEM (n=27) and SHV (n=7). CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-15 were the dominant CTX-M-type ESBLs in P. mirabilis isolates. CMY (n=14), which included CMY-2 (n=6), was the most common AmpC β-lactamase, followed by DHA (n=6) and FOX (n=4). NDM (n=7), which included NDM-1 (n=4), was the most common carbapenemase, followed by KPC (n=2). Isolates from hospital-associated infections had more complicated β-lactamase combinations than isolates from community-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION
The global emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Proteeae isolates are major issues in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends and developing further resistance surveillance are necessary.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Morganella; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Urinary Tract Infections; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32311502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.011 -
Access Microbiology 2023This study aimed to characterize the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of , an opportunistic pathogen that causes human infections. We examined 45 isolates...
This study aimed to characterize the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of , an opportunistic pathogen that causes human infections. We examined 45 isolates of both genotypically and phenotypically by studying their adherence to HeLa cells, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance, and analysed their genomes for putative virulence and resistance genes. This study found that most isolates possessed multiple virulence genes, including A, A, A, A, A and A, and were cytotoxic to Vero cells. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim, and most were resistant to ceftriaxone and cefepime. All isolates harboured extended-spectrum beta-lactamase coding genes such as and 23/45(51.11 %) of them also harboured . The gene KPC-2 (carbapenemase) was detected in 8/45(17.77 %) isolates. This study also found clonality among the isolates, indicating the possible spread of the pathogen among patients at the hospital. These results have significant clinical and epidemiological implications and emphasize the importance of a continued understanding of the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen for the prevention and treatment of future infections.
PubMed: 37970084
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000652.v4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Ticks and fleas, as blood-sucking arthropods, carry and transmit various zoonotic diseases. In the natural plague foci of China, monitoring of has been continuously...
INTRODUCTION
Ticks and fleas, as blood-sucking arthropods, carry and transmit various zoonotic diseases. In the natural plague foci of China, monitoring of has been continuously conducted in and other host animals, whereas other pathogens carried by vectors are rarely concerned in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the microbiota of ticks and fleas sampling from in the Plateau, China by metataxonomics combined with metagenomic methods.
RESULTS
By metataxonomic approach based on full-length 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) analyses, we described the microbiota community of ticks and fleas at the species level, annotated 1,250 OPUs in ticks, including 556 known species and 492 potentially new species, accounting for 48.50% and 41.71% of the total reads in ticks, respectively. A total of 689 OPUs were detected in fleas, consisting of 277 known species (40.62% of the total reads in fleas) and 294 potentially new species (56.88%). At the dominant species categories, we detected the (OPU 421) and potentially pathogenic new species of , and . Using shotgun sequencing, we obtained 10 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) from vector samples, including a known species ( DFT2), and six new species affliated to four known genera, i.e., , and . By the phylogenetic analyses based on full-length 16S rRNA genes and core genes, we identified that ticks harbored pathogenic . Moreover, these potentially pathogenic novel species were more closely related to subsp. , and , respectively. The OPU 422 Ehrlichia sp1 was most related to and . The OPU 230 sp1 and spp. (DTF8 and DTF9) was clustered with . The OPU 427 sp1 was clustered with .
DISCUSSION
The findings of the study have advanced our understanding of the potential pathogen groups of vectors in marmot () in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
PubMed: 37415819
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188155 -
Microorganisms Apr 2022is a highly social pathogen responsible for nosocomial chronic urinary tract infections. The bacterium indeed forms floating communities of cells (FCC) besides and...
is a highly social pathogen responsible for nosocomial chronic urinary tract infections. The bacterium indeed forms floating communities of cells (FCC) besides and prior-to canonical surface-attached biofilms (SAB). Within FCC, cells are riveted one to another owing to by self-interactions between its porins, viz. Omp-Pst1 and Omp-Pst2. In pathophysiological conditions, is principally exposed to high concentrations of urea, ammonia, bicarbonate, creatinine and to large variations of pH, questioning how these environmental cues affect socialization, and whether formation of SAB and FCC protects cells against those. Results from our investigations indicate that FCC and SAB can both form in the urinary tract, endowing cells with increased resistance and fitness. They additionally show that while Omp-Pst1 is the main gateway allowing penetration of urea, bicarbonate and ammonia into the periplasm, expression of Omp-Pst2 enables resistance to them.
PubMed: 35630346
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050901 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Oct 2024Tri (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was an emerging contaminant of global concern because of its frequent occurrence, potential toxic effects, and persistence in the...
Tri (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was an emerging contaminant of global concern because of its frequent occurrence, potential toxic effects, and persistence in the environment. Microbial degradation might be an efficient and safe removal method, but limited information was available. In this study, Providencia rettgeri was isolated from contaminated sediment and showed it could use TCPP as unique phosphorus source to promote growth, and decompose 34.7% of TCPP (1 mg/L) within 5 days. The microbial inoculation and the initial concentration of TCPP could affect the biodegradation efficient. Further study results indicated that TCPP decomposition by Providencia rettgeri was mainly via phosphoester bond hydrolysis, evidenced by the production of bis (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (CHClPO) and mono-chloropropyl phosphate (CHClPO). Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes could degrade TCPP, but intracellular degradation was dominant in the later reaction stage, and the presence of Cu ions had a promoting effect. These findings developed novel insights into the potential mechanism of TCPP microbial degradation.
Topics: Providencia; Biodegradation, Environmental; Phosphates; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38802235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.023 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023The gut microbiota is increasingly considered to play a key role in human immunity and health. The aging process alters the microbiota composition, which is associated...
The gut microbiota is increasingly considered to play a key role in human immunity and health. The aging process alters the microbiota composition, which is associated with inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased tissue function, and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. It has been demonstrated that plant polysaccharides have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, particularly in reducing pathogenic bacteria abundance and increasing beneficial bacteria populations. However, there is limited evidence of the effect of plant polysaccharides on age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and ROS accumulation during the aging process. To explore the effect of Eucommiae polysaccharides (EPs) on age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and ROS accumulation during the aging process of Drosophila, a series of behavioral and life span assays of Drosophila with the same genetic background in standard medium and a medium supplemented with EPs were performed. Next, the gut microbiota composition and protein composition of Drosophila in standard medium and the medium supplemented with EPs were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and quantitative proteomic analysis. Here, we show that supplementation of Eucommiae polysaccharides (EPs) during development leads to the life span extension of Drosophila. Furthermore, EPs decreased age-related ROS accumulation and suppressed , , and in aged Drosophila. Increased , , and in the indigenous microbiota might induce age-related gut dysfunction in Drosophila and shortens their life span. Our study demonstrates that EPs can be used as prebiotic agents to prevent aging-associated gut dysbiosis and reactive oxidative stress.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Aged; Drosophila; Reactive Oxygen Species; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Proteomics; Polysaccharides; Aging; Enterobacteriaceae; Life Expectancy
PubMed: 36982954
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065881 -
Cell Reports Mar 2022Diet is a key regulator of metabolism and interacts with the intestinal microbiome. Here, we study the role of the Drosophila intestinal stem cell (ISC)-specific biotin...
Diet is a key regulator of metabolism and interacts with the intestinal microbiome. Here, we study the role of the Drosophila intestinal stem cell (ISC)-specific biotin transporter Smvt in midgut homeostasis, infection-induced regeneration, and tumorigenesis. We show that Smvt-transported biotin in ISCs is necessary for ISC mitosis. Smvt deficiency impairs intestinal maintenance, which can be rescued by the human Smvt, encoded by SLC5A6. ISC-specific, Smvt-silenced flies exhibit microbial dysbiosis, whereby the growth of Providencia sneebia, an opportunistic pathogen, is favored. Dysbiosis correlates with increased Nox expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enterocyte apoptosis. Flies acquire biotin from their diet and microbiota. We show that, when dietary biotin is scarce, biotin-producing commensals, e.g., E. coli, can rescue reduced ISC mitosis. Smvt and commensals also control intestinal tumor growth. Our findings suggest that direct modification of the gut microbiome by biotin can serve as an approach for the treatment of dysbiosis-promoted diseases and tumorigenesis control.
Topics: Biotin; Carcinogenesis; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mitosis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35263602
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110505 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Feb 2024Verbal fluency tasks are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessments. Yet, standard valid response counts fail to reveal disease-specific semantic memory patterns....
INTRODUCTION
Verbal fluency tasks are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessments. Yet, standard valid response counts fail to reveal disease-specific semantic memory patterns. Here, we leveraged automated word-property analysis to capture neurocognitive markers of AD vis-à-vis behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
METHODS
Patients and healthy controls completed two fluency tasks. We counted valid responses and computed each word's frequency, granularity, neighborhood, length, familiarity, and imageability. These features were used for group-level discrimination, patient-level identification, and correlations with executive and neural (magnetic resonanance imaging [MRI], functional MRI [fMRI], electroencephalography [EEG]) patterns.
RESULTS
Valid responses revealed deficits in both disorders. Conversely, frequency, granularity, and neighborhood yielded robust group- and subject-level discrimination only in AD, also predicting executive outcomes. Disease-specific cortical thickness patterns were predicted by frequency in both disorders. Default-mode and salience network hypoconnectivity, and EEG beta hypoconnectivity, were predicted by frequency and granularity only in AD.
DISCUSSION
Word-property analysis of fluency can boost AD characterization and diagnosis.
HIGHLIGHTS
We report novel word-property analyses of verbal fluency in AD and bvFTD. Standard valid response counts captured deficits and brain patterns in both groups. Specific word properties (e.g., frequency, granularity) were altered only in AD. Such properties predicted cognitive and neural (MRI, fMRI, EEG) patterns in AD. Word-property analysis of fluency can boost AD characterization and diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Neuropsychological Tests; Brain; Memory; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Frontotemporal Dementia; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 37823470
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13472