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The Science of the Total Environment May 2022Very little is known about how microbiome interactions shape the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquacultural environment. To this end, we first...
Very little is known about how microbiome interactions shape the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquacultural environment. To this end, we first conducted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to monitor the dynamics of bacterial community compositions in one shrimp farm from 2019 to 2020. Next, co-occurrence analysis was then conducted to reveal the interactions network between Vibrio spp. and other species. Subsequently, 21 V. parahaemolyticus isolates and 15 related bacterial species were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results identified a remarkable increase of Vibrio and Providencia in September-2019 and a significant rise of Enterobacter and Shewanella in Septtember-2020. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that Vibrio spp. positively interacted with the above species, leading to the sequencing of their isolates to further understand the sharing of the resistant genomic islands (GIs). Subsequent pan-genomic analysis of V. parahaemolyticus genomes identified 278 horizontally transferred genes in 10 GIs, most of which were associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence, and fitness of metabolism. Most of the GIs have also been identified in Providencia, and Enterobacter, suggesting that exchange of genetic traits might occur in V. parahaemolyticus and other cooperative species in a specific niche. No genetic exchange was found between the species with negative relationships. The knowledge generated from this study would greatly improve our capacity to predict and mitigate the emergence of new resistant population and provide practical guidance on the microbial management during the aquacultural activities.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aquaculture; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacter; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Providencia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Shewanella; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35074363
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153286 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas,...
This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas, Mexico. Blood and viscera samples were taken from healthy and diseased animals from commercial farms. Clinical and pathological examinations of each individual were performed and samples were collected for bacteriological studies. The bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by culture, biochemical tests, antibiogram, challenge tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. and were isolated from various diseased organisms. The clinical picture caused by was characterized by appetite disorders, neurological signs, nodulation or ulceration in different areas and congestion or enlargement of internal organs. Providenciosis in juvenile specimens caused a characteristic picture of hemorrhagic septicemia. Challenge tests performed in healthy organisms revealed that both infections caused higher mortality rates in fish ( < 0.05) compared with non-infected specimens, with 100% survival. There was 100% mortality for animals infected with after three days post infection and 45% for those infected with . The isolation and identification of two pathogens involved in an infection process were achieved and cataloged as potential causal agents of disease outbreaks in tilapia farming in Mexico. This is the first report of possible bacterial infection caused by and in tilapia farms, which are two uncommon but potentially emerging pathogens for the species.
PubMed: 38067066
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233715 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Feb 2020Infant mortality depends on the economic, social, and cultural level of development of the place of residence.
INTRODUCTION
Infant mortality depends on the economic, social, and cultural level of development of the place of residence.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the infant mortality rates (IMR) and the late infant mortality rates (LIMR) of the Metropolitan Region (MR) communes and to evaluate their trend between 2005 and 2014.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Ecological study that describes the rates of the 52 communes of the MR. For the analysis, the IMR and LIMR were elaborated for each year and com mune and were compared using population attributable risk (PAR), attributable risk percent (AR%), and rate ratio (RR). Trends were analyzed through the Prais-Winsten model. A value p < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant trend.
RESULTS
The commune 'Independencia' presented the hig hest IMR and LIMR with 12.7 and 4.05 per 1000 live births respectively, 1.75 and 2.05 times more compared with the IMR and LIMR of the MR. The commune 'Las Condes' and 'Vitacura' presented the lowest IMR and LIMR respectively. The IMR trend regarding 2005 increased in Lo Barnechea, Lo Espejo, and Recoleta, and decreased in Las Condes, Macul, Pudahuel and San Bernardo. The LIMR decreased in Peñalolén, Puente Alto, Las Condes, Providencia, San Bernardo, Macul, Pudahuel, Tala- gante, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, and Quilicura, and increased in Peñaflor.
CONCLUSION
The regional IMR and LIMR hide the slight increase in rates and the persistence of heterogeneity among communes. This forces us to explore the causes of these inequities through future analytical studies.
Topics: Chile; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Urban Health
PubMed: 32730411
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.v91i1.1205 -
Heliyon Nov 2023L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate...
L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate possible endophytic bacteria from leaves, stems and tubers of . Thirty pure endophytic bacteria were isolated and subjected to biochemical characterization. Bacterial identification was conducted by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The structure of the isolated compound was characterized. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated. Majority (21, 70 %) of the isolates were Gram-positive. Certain of them are spore formers. Based on MALDI-TOF MS, 26 of the isolates were identified as spp. (65.4 %), spp. (30.8 %) and spp. (3.9 %). A 1-undecene was isolated from culture filtrate of . (GST-5). The ethyl acetate extracts (1000 μg/mL) of GSL-5 and GST-2 culture filtrates recorded maximum inhibition zone against (9.4 ± 0.6 mm) and ATCC 25923 (8.4 ± 0.8 mm), respectively. The ATCC 27853 was prone to all ethyl acetate extracts. A 1-undecene showed a moderate activity against ATCC 25922and ATCC 27853 at 50 μg/mL. The present finding would be a breakthrough to studies of similar works in Ethiopia since it may be for the first time.
PubMed: 38045151
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22104 -
ACS Synthetic Biology Aug 2022is one of the most widely utilized hosts for recombinant protein production, including that of membrane proteins (MPs). We have recently engineered a specialized...
is one of the most widely utilized hosts for recombinant protein production, including that of membrane proteins (MPs). We have recently engineered a specialized strain for enhanced recombinant MP production, termed SuptoxR. By appropriately co-expressing the effector gene , SuptoxR can suppress the high toxicity, which is frequently observed during the MP-overexpression process, and, at the same time, enhance significantly the cellular accumulation of membrane-incorporated and properly folded recombinant MP. The combination of these two beneficial effects results in dramatically enhanced volumetric yields for various prokaryotic and eukaryotic MPs. Here, we engineered second-generation SuptoxR strains with further improved properties, so that they can achieve even higher levels of recombinant MP production. We searched for naturally occurring RraA variants with similar or improved MP toxicity-suppressing and production-promoting effects to that of the native RraA of the original SuptoxR strain. We found that the RraA proteins from and can be even more potent enhancers of MP productivity than the RraA. By exploiting these two newly identified RraAs, we constructed two second-generation SuptoxR strains, termed SuptoxR2.1 and SuptoxR2.2, whose MP-production capabilities often surpass those of the original SuptoxR significantly. SuptoxR2.1 and SuptoxR2.2 are expected to become widely useful expression hosts for recombinant MP production in bacteria.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 35922033
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00598 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence...
spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence of biofilm-formation in catheterized patients. Furthermore, recent reports suggested a role for multiple drug resistant (MDR) in hospital-associated outbreaks which leads to excessive complications resulting in challenging treatments. Phage therapy is currently one of the most promising solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the number of available phages targeting spp. is extremely limited, restricting the use of phage therapy in such cases. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 17 lytic and temperate bacteriophages targeting clinical isolates of spp. as part of the Israeli Phage Bank (IPB). These phages, isolated from sewage samples, were evaluated for host range activity and effectively eradicated 95% of the tested bacterial strains isolated from different geographic locations and displaying a wide range of antibiotic resistance. Their lytic activity is demonstrated on agar plates, planktonic cultures, and biofilm formed in a catheter model. The results suggest that these bacteriophages can potentially be used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant spp. infections in general and of urinary tract infections in particular.
PubMed: 33918377
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040375 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2022Hydrocarbon-derived pollutants are becoming one of the most concerning ecological issues. Thus, there is a need to investigate and develop innovative, low-cost,...
Hydrocarbon-derived pollutants are becoming one of the most concerning ecological issues. Thus, there is a need to investigate and develop innovative, low-cost, eco-friendly, and fast techniques to reduce and/or eliminate pollutants using biological agents. The study was conducted to isolate, characterize, and identify potential diesel-degrading bacteria. Samples were collected from flower farms, lakeshores, old aged garages, asphalt, and bitumen soils and spread on selective medium (Bushnell Haas mineral salt agar) containing diesel as the growth substrate. The isolates were characterized based on their growth patterns using optical density measurement, biochemical tests, and gravimetric analysis and identified using the Biolog database and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. Subsequently, six diesel degraders were identified and belong to , , , , , and . Among these, based on gravimetric analysis, the three potent isolates AAUW23, AAUG11, and AAUG36 achieved 84%, 83.4%, and 83% diesel degradation efficiency, respectively, in 15 days. Consequently, the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two most potent bacterial strains (AAUW23 and AAUG11) were , while AAUG36 was . This study demonstrated that bacterial species isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated and/or uncontaminated environments could be optimized to be used as potential bioremediation agents for diesel removal.
PubMed: 35096070
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5655767 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jul 2022The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a real public health problem worldwide and is responsible for the increase in hospital infections. Donella welwitschii...
BACKGROUND
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a real public health problem worldwide and is responsible for the increase in hospital infections. Donella welwitschii is a liana or shrub belonging to the family Sapotaceae and traditionally used to cure coughs.
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted with the objective to validate the medicinal properties of this plant, the aerial part was studied for its phytochemical composition using column and PTLC chromatography and exploring its antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity as well as those of its phytochemicals.
METHODS
The structures of the compounds were elucidated from their physical and spectroscopic data in conjunction with literature. The antibacterial activity of the isolated metabolites was performed toward a panel of MDR Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The broth micro-dilution method was used to determine antibacterial activities, efflux pump effect using the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) (phenylalanine-arginine-ß-naphthylamide (PAβN)), as well as the modulating activity of antibiotics. Monitoring the acidification of the bacterial growth medium was used to study the effects of the samples on the bacterial proton-ATPase pumps and cellular ATP production.
RESULTS
Eleven compounds were isolated including pentacyclic triterpenes, C-glucosyl benzophenones. With a MIC value < 10 μg/mL, diospyric acid (7) significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli AG102, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP55, Providencia stuartii NEA16 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA3. 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) significantly impaired the growth of Enterobacter aerogenes EA27, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA6; and oleanolic acid (9) strongly impaired the growth of Escherichia coli AG 102, Enterobacter aerogenes EA27 and Providencia stuartii PS2636. Diospyric acid (7) and 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) induced perturbation of H-ATPase pump and inhibition of the cellular ATP production. Moreover, at MIC/2 and MIC/4, compounds 7, 8, and 9 strongly improved the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline with antibiotic-modulating factors ranging between 2 and 64.
CONCLUSION
The overall results of the current work demonstrate that diospyric acid (7), 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) and oleanolic acid (9) are the major bioactive constituents of Donella welwitschia towards Gram-negative bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleanolic Acid; Phenotype; Phytochemicals; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Providencia; Sapotaceae
PubMed: 35858857
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03673-3 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Jun 2023Freshwater fish are often exposed to threats from anthropogenic or natural origins, such as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms responsible for a broad range of...
Freshwater fish are often exposed to threats from anthropogenic or natural origins, such as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms responsible for a broad range of severe infections. In this study, we aimed to assess this microbiological threat to fish in an Algerian northwestern dam Sekkak (Tlemcen) by evaluating the diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacteria. In order to determine the water quality, physicochemical analyses of the dam water were carried out in situ. Ichtyopathogenic bacteria were isolated on selective media and identified by API galleries and molecular techniques (PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene). Besides, the antibiograms were constructed for all the isolates. The physicochemical and bacteriological analyses allowed us to classify the dam water as moderately polluted to polluted. Furthermore, an important diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacterial species was observed as , and were retrieved. The antibiogram test revealed notable resistance. The antibiotic family for which most resistances were found was the β-lactam family, followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides. These results indicate that aquatic environments can shelter multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria representing a threat to the endemic fauna. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor these waters in order to improve the fish's living environment and ensure healthier production.
Topics: Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Quality; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria
PubMed: 37314358
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-020 -
JAAD Case Reports May 2020
PubMed: 32382635
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.02.043